...1. Research high-context and low-context countries. Select one of each (excluding the United States) and explain why each country is either high or low, citing several examples of behaviors and cues. Then define a situation that is common in each country and how it might be misinterpreted in the other, and why. High- context country: Kazakhstan can be considered as a high- context country because the social environment is more important to people. Compared to countries with a low- context culture, Kazakhstan is the country where traditions are honored and you need to build trustful relationships before making any business deals. At the workplace, the respect to older people is very important. You should greet them in a proper manner and take...
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...Intercultural Communication Nefertari Trantham-Wright University of Phoenix Don Case - COM/360 December 19, 2011 Intercultural Communication The distinction of the ideology is one of the main reasons of disagreements and conflicts in the intercultural communications. In one cultures the purpose of interaction is more important than a dialogue in others – the situation is contrary. When we say ideology we mean the concept of reality that is shared by special concerning culture or an ethnic accessory group of people. Even the countries that have the same history or the same roots may have poor intercultural communication because of some stereotypes or bias. The best example is the relations between Russia and Ukraine. If to consider the last years, a special trim can be observed in the relations of Russia and Ukraine in all of the questions connected with the Russian-Ukrainian relations. Geographically it divides the country into east and western part and with time the situation only gets worse. This is mostly the problem. Not only language and geography split the country but also the world outlook principle as well. The main problem of the Ukrainian authority today is how to connect these differently looking at the world and destiny parts of the country through a prism of the Russian-Ukrainian relations. The actions of the Ukrainian authority at the process of solving this problem are quite contradictory. On the one hand, there is an understanding of necessity to...
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...Cultural Differences and Emotional Intelligence Group 4: Sheila Wade, Sara Shimkus, Jeff Robben, Gus Caruso, Leticia Santana, and Lori McKenzie Central Michigan University Abstract During an the assessment of several countries, values of open-mindedness, inclusion, respect and tolerance are more likely to be attained within a prospectus that encourages the increase of Emotional Intelligence (EI). In this research paper, the role of EI in determining leadership effectiveness was reviewed to explain emotional characteristics specific to five countries: Nigeria, Mexico, Russia, Argentina, and China. These countries were included in a study called Project Globe. GLOBE is the acronym for Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. In this study, four cultural clusters were utilized, and the role of emotional intelligence was evaluated in determining leadership effectiveness. Emotional Intelligence was appraised more favorably than technical skills and cognitive skills, especially when referring to social skills, and transformational/charismatic leaderships were preferred across cultures. The intent of the collaborative effort of Team 4 was to explore the cultural values and practices in five different countries and to identify their impact on organizational practices and leadership attributes. One way to explore cultural similarities in the world is to study cultural clusters which are a group of countries that share many similarities. The countries in...
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...2012 Scholarships for International Students to Study in USA and Abroad The Scholarship-Positions.com is the premier financial aid, college scholarship and international scholarship resource for students wishing to study abroad. Here you will find the most comprehensive listing of grants, scholarships, loan programs, and other information to assist college and university students. There are billions of dollars available for scholarships around the world, but you can’t win them if you don’t apply. This scholarships catalog includes some of the most prestigious scholarships which can also be applied by Non-U.S. Citizens [International Students]. Fulbright Scholarships http://www.iie.org/ Educational exchanges that strengthen understanding and communication between the United States and over students from 140 countries. Students interested in applying for the Fulbright Student Program must apply through the Fulbright Program Office in their home country. Gates Cambridge Scholarships http://www.gatescambridge.org/apply/ One to three years of study in any discipline at Cambridge University. Candidates apply directly through Cambridge. Canon Collins Educational Trust http://www.canoncollins.org.uk/ Full scholarship for nationals from Southern African countries South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Angola and Mozambique) who wish to pursue a postgraduate degree (normally a one year Master’s degree) in either the United Kingdom or southern Africa...
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...HALAL MARKETS IN CHINA: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES Isa Ma1 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate Halal markets in China including Halal market potentials and challenges in China through analysis of Chinese Muslim populations (market size), purchasing powers, geographic locations (market places), and Chinese Muslim living situations in China (challenges). This paper also combated some problems relating to Halal markets in China and provided some basic information about Chinese Muslims and on Halal markets in China for potential Halal marketers. Keywords: Chinese Muslims and Halal markets in China 1. INTRODUCTION As companies head towards a global market that deals with people from many different cultural backgrounds, it has become essential for marketers to understand culture’s influence on consumer behaviours. The recognition of the importance of culture on consumer behaviours has led to an increasing amount of research across cultures (Sojka and Tansuhaj 1995). More significantly, many studies have succeeded in establishing links between culture and consumer behaviours (McCracken 1986). As the cultural variables and differences increase, the number of communication misunderstandings also increase. Barnlund (1989) suggests that a way to approach cultural understanding is to undertake a careful description of how people relate to one another in search of the norms that regulate social acts or behaviours. The most powerful elements of cultures are those that...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SIXTHEDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SERIES Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21 st Century, Sixth Edition Philip R. Harris, Ph.D., Robert T. Moran, Ph.D., Sarah V. Moran, M.A. Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions Lionel Laroche, Ph.D Uniting North American Business—NAFTA Best Practices Jeffrey D. Abbot and Robert T. Moran, Ph.D. Eurodiversity: A Business Guide to Managing Differences George Simons, D.M. Global Strategic Planning: Cultural Perspectives for Profit and Non-Profit Organizations Marios I. Katsioulodes Ph.D. Competing Globally: Mastering Cross-Cultural Management and Negotiations Farid Elashmawi, Ph.D. Succeeding in Business in Eastern and Central Europe—A Guide to Cultures, Markets, and Practices Woodrow H. Sears, Ed.D. and Audrone Tamulionyte-Lentz, M.S. Intercultural Services: A Worldwide Buyer’s Guide and Sourcebook Gary M. Wederspahn, M.A. SIXTH EDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES GLOBAL LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES ST FOR THE 21 CENTURY 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION PHILIP R. HARRIS, PH.D. ROBERT T. MORAN, PH.D. SARAH V. MORAN, M.A. JUDITH SOCCORSY Editorial Coordinator Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2004, Philip R. Harris, Robert T. Moran, Sarah V. Moran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a...
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...GLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of man's complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desires in relation to others. The advent of the twenty-first century gave birth to the idea of making the world a single village, thus, globalization. Globalization is the most talk-about issues in the 21st century. However, there is the difficulty of the world to come up with a single and uniform definition. This is because, so many people doubt if the happenings in the world today are as a result of globalization. Thus, due to these global differences of what this concept actually is about, globalization has grown to involve aspects not only of economy, but politics and other socio-cultural issues. Globalization affects almost every human being, this is because the process of globalization is said to have expanded almost through out the entire world either through transport, commerce, and communication. In addition, man’s activities on the globe are all located under these sectors. Culture, as a way of living of man, is identified by every one immediately after birth and was often...
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...CULTURE SPECIFIC AND CROSSCULTURALLY GENERALIZABLE IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORIES: ARE ATTRIBUTES OF CHARISMATIC/TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP UNIVERSALLY ENDORSED?1 This study focuses on culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Although crosscultural research emphasizes that different cultural groups likely have different conceptions of what leadership should entail, a controversial position is argued here: namely that attributes associated with charismatic/transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership. This hypothesis was tested in 62 cultures as part of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program. Universally endorsed leader attributes, as well as attributes that are universally seen as impediments to outstanding leadership and culturally contingent attributes are presented here. The results support the hypothesis that specific aspects of charismatic/transformational leadership are strongly and universally endorsed across cultures. Deanne N. Den Hartog Vrije Universiteit-Amsterdam Representing the Netherlands Robert J. House University of Pennsylvania Principal Investigator Paul J. Hanges University of Maryland Principal Investigator S. Antonio Ruiz-Quintanilla Cornell University GLOBE Coordinating Team Direct all correspondence to: Deanne N. Den Hartog, Free University, Work and Organizational Psychology, v.d. Boechorst straat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands;...
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...Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics STUDENT’S HANDBOOK 2011/2012 Lazarski University Warsaw, June 2011 1 Lazarski School of Commerce and Law Student’s Handbook- Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics Content Page 4 6 8 13 15 15 15 17 17 18 19 21 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 35 37 39 41 43 44 46 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 57 58 59 60 62 63 63 64 66 67 69 72 74 75 76 77 79 80 82 The Programme The Degree Assessment Quality Assurance Admission Procedures Erasmus Study in BABE Programme Administrative Issues Course Descriptors Mathematics Introductory Microeconomics Introduction to Sociology Current Issues of the European and Global Economy Academic Writing Introduction into Business Introductory Macroeconomics Introduction into Economic Analysis Economics of Integration Information Technology Intermediate Microeconomics Issues in Macroeconomic Policy Mathematical Economics Statistics Regional Economics Introduction to Strategic Management Banking and Finance International Business Law Research Proseminar Accounting Managerial Economics International Economics Intermediate Macroeconomics Econometrics Research Methods Social Policy Game Theory Public Finance Investment Analysis BA Seminar Electives Financial Accounting Monetary Theory and Policy - The Impact of Global Crisis Principles of Marketing The World Economy – Retrospective View The Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME) Sector Economics of Telecommunication Demography and Economics of Contemporary European Migration Personal...
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...MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES OF EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES Darryl J, Mitry and Thomas Bradley National University School of Business and Technology http://marketing.byu.edu/htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/mitrybradley.htm Key Factors: ~ Global Business, Colliding cultures & Changing Economies ~With the accession of the 21st Century, the developing globalization of business and other expanding pluralistic organizations we need to reconsider the topic of managerial leadership within a much larger perspective than has been the usual practice. Therefore, we offer some observations from empirical research and suggest theoretical directions. We review the subject as it relates to the challenges of transnational business and more specifically with reference to business operations in the emerging and transforming economies of Eastern Europe such as the newly independent regions of the former Soviet Union (FSU). The observed “globalization” of business is the precursor to the growing interdependency of peoples around the world; the development of a “Global Community.” This appears to be an inescapable and major event that is contributing to the dissolution of boundaries between customary disciplines of knowledge, information, technology, countries and peoples around the world. Associated with this phenomenon is an intensifying need to provide a strategic global approach in management education.(Mitry & Thomas, 2000) ~ In the new era of...
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...Understanding Cross-Cultural Management Second Edition Marie-Joëlle Browaeys & Roger Price Part One CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT Concept 1.1 Facets of culture Introduction to Part One Setting the scene This introductory chapter will give an outline of the research in the field of culture and management, which in turn serves as a framework for Part One. The concept of culture Many experts in their fields have wracked their brains to come up with what they consider to be their concept of ‘culture’. Those working in the field of cultural anthropology, alone, for example, have come up with a long list of definitions of the concept, based on their analysis of ethnological, social, psychological and linguistic data. The attempt made by Bodley (1994) to summarize these (Table I.1) gives an idea of all the facets of culture that need to be taken into account from an anthropological perspective. Although acknowledging the multiplicity of cultures, the authors of this book consider that the fundamental aspect of culture is that it is something all humans learn in one way or another. It is not something people inherit, but rather a code of attitudes, norms and values, a way of thinking that is learnt within a social environment. Family, the social environment, school, friends, work – all these help to form this code and determine how people see themselves and the world. The national culture and the particular region which people live in also help to shape a...
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...Ethnicity, Identity and Public Policy Critical Perspectives on Multiculturalism David Bromell Institute of Policy Studies Ethnicity, Identity and Public Policy Critical Perspectives on Multiculturalism David Bromell Institute of Policy Studies First printed in 2008 Institute of Policy Studies School of Government Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington © Institute of Policy Studies ISBN 158 IPS/Pub/978-1-877347-26-9 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced without the permission of the Institute of Policy Studies. Copy editor: Belinda Hill Cover design: Milne Printers Ltd Printed by Milne Printers Ltd Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Boxes iv Foreword v Acknowledgments and Disclaimer ix Part One: Introduction and Context of Inquiry 1 Introduction 2 New Zealand Context 3 21 Part Two: Communitarian Responses to Liberalism Introduction to Part Two 61 3 Civic Republicanism: Michael Sandel 63 4 The Politics of Recognition: Charles Taylor 83 Part Three: Multiculturalism Introduction to Part Three 105 5 Multicultural Citizenship: Will Kymlicka 107 6 Common Citizenship in a Multicultural Society: Bhikhu Parekh 151 Part Four: Critical Responses to Multiculturalism ...
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...International Business- Dr. R. Chandran 1. International Business: Meaning And Scope Interdependency is a natural phenomenon; nations, living beings and companies cannot totally depend on themselves. It is the major driving force for international business. Learning value: This chapter covers the essential aspects, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Definition of international business Emergence of developing nations in international business Motives of international business from companies and nations Fundamental differences between Domestic and International business Few successful organizations in Domestic & International business International business: Meaning and Scope In the post independence era, more than half-century Indian entrepreneurs concentrated on domestic operations and a surplus production was exported. The physical movement of goods, called EXPORT cannot represent International business. International business is defined as “any commercial transaction-taking place across the boundary lines of a sovereign entity”. It may take place either between countries or companies or both. Private companies involve themselves in such transactions for revenue, profit and prosperity. If governments are involved, they need to maintain their image, dependency and economic growth. Sometimes economic ties are strengthened through such transactions. These transactions include investments, physical movements of goods and services, transfer of technology and manufacturing. Today every company...
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...GLOBALIZATION OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: Changing International Structures, Adaptive Strategies, and the Impact on Institutions This page intentionally left blank GLOBALIZATION OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: Changing International Structures, Adaptive Strategies, and the Impact on Institutions Report of the AACSB International Globalization of Management Education Task Force AACSB International – The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business 777 South Harbour Island Boulevard Suite 750 Tampa, Florida 33602-5730 USA Tel: + 1-813-769-6500 Fax: + 1-813-769-6559 www.aacsb.edu United Kingdom North America Japan India Malaysia China Emerald Group Publishing Limited Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK First edition 2011 Copyright r 2011 AACSB International. Reprints and permission service Contact: booksandseries@emeraldinsight.com No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the copyright holder or a license permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Editor or the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication...
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...4,607 11,084 74 92,301 stores millions of euros in sales countries with sales presence employees A nnual Report 2009 6 14 16 Global Reporting Initiative Indicators Letter from the Chairman Inditex business model 18 IP 53 IC 54 Inditex Commitment 163 Inditex Performance 20 26 28 46 Summary of 2009 financial year Milestones for the year Commercial concepts International presence 56 66 124 136 Customers, shareholders and society Corporate Social Responsibility Human Resources Environmental dimension 4 Inditex Annual Report 2009 164 LD 309 Legal Documentation 167 233 296 303 Economic and financial report Corporate governance report Activities Report Audit and Control Committee Activities Report Nomination And Remuneration Committee 308 Verification of the audit of GRI indicators 5 G lobal Reporting Initiative Indicators in 2002. Using this guide, Inditex With transparency as the fundamental principle in its relationship with society, Inditex has followed the Global Reporting Initiative indicators since it published its first Sustainability Report attempts to provide detailed, organised access to the information on its activity to all its stakeholders. Within the general indicators, specific indicators for the textile and footwear sector have been included, identified in the following way: Specific indicator for the sector Specific indicator comment for the sector 6 Inditex Annual Report...
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