...thorough, modern methods, like DSM- IV- TR, this method lists numerous amounts of different mental disorders. Psychopathology is the study of mental illness, abnormal/maladaptive behavior. Psychopathology is a term commonly used in psychiatry whereas pathology relates to disease progressions. The standard classification system for psychopathology is the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual (DSM-1). The DSM is a manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association, listing the official diagnostic classifications of mental disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS-1) is the official manual listing psychiatric and psychological disorders. This manual was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1952, takes its coding scheme from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is a diagnostic manual for all medical diseases. The DSM was commonly used by physicians/medical professionals, insurance companies and many courts systems. Courts used the DSM to define and diagnose mental disorders, and the diagnostics code that was attached to the case would regulate insurance reimbursements for treating the individual. The controversy amongst the DSM-1 and DSM-II was due to the United States being controlled by Freud’s psychodynamic perspective, which focused on the origins of mental illness and the unconscious mind, consequently it fixated on conditions of the unconscious struggles opposed to conditions of observable signs...
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...Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), the EMR or the coders should then map my diagnosis into international Classification of Diseases Clinical Modification 10th edition (ICD-10- CM)) using the Interactive Map-Assisted Generation of ICD Codes (I-MAGIC) (I-MAGIC], 2015). SNOMED-CT is required in stage 2 and should be used for documenting problem (Levy, 2013a). SNOMED-CT is a comprehensive clinical terminology that describe the diagnosis in details, it is way of description is close to the medical language. SNOMED-CT easy to map to other clinical terminology like ICD-9 and ICD-10 in a addition to LOINC (Giannangelo, 2015)., The SNOMED-CT code for Angina is 194828000, and the ICD-10-CM for Angina is I24.9, Acute ischemic heart disease (NLM, 2013). At admission the physician need to order Electrocardiogram (EKG) test to confirm angina, EKG was ordered and EMR attached the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), CPT was developed by the American Medical Association (AMA) it doesn’t contain diagnosis codes it only focuses in procedures, the CPT code for EKG 12 leads is 93000 (Giannangelo, 2015; ECG CPT, 2015). The physician placed an order for for aspirin as first choice medication for chest pain treatment (American Heart Association, 2015). The medication is coded using the RxN1. RxN1 is the medication name and it synonym in RxNorm. RxN1 is a meaningful Use (MU) stage II standard for medication and allergy (Giannangelo, 2015). After few days the patient improved and his condition...
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...term will be defined and a concise statement of importance will be explained. AMR • AMR (Automated Medical Records) is a term used at the early stage of electronic medical documentation. It was information retained on a customary personal computer and did not comply with legal ramifications for electronic medical records. Therefore a paper file was maintained. The computer information is used as a working file, and then pages are printed and filed in the chart (Fishman, 2005). • Important aspect of AMR is the aid of premature discovery of conditions of public health issues. For instance, seasonal respiratory illness or atypical occurrences, like bioterrorist attack that initially exhibit as respiratory symptoms. Knowledge of disease patterns in real time may also help clinicians to manage patients (Ross, L., Kleinman, K., Dashevsky, I., DeMaria, A. and Platt,R., 2001). CMR • CMR (Computerized Medical Records) was the first attempt in an automated, on-line medical record system. It contains clinical and demographic...
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...Principles of Healthcare Reimbursement Anne B. Casto, RHIA, CCS Elizabeth Layman, PhD, RHIA, CCS, FAHIMA Copyright ©2006 by the American Health Information Management Association. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-58426-070-X AHIMA Product No. AB202006 Ken Zielske, Director of Publications Susan Hull, MPH, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, Technical Reviewer Marcia Loellbach, MS, Project Editor Elizabeth Lund, Assistant Editor Melissa Ulbricht, Editorial/Production Coordinator All information contained within this book, including Web sites and regulatory information, was current and valid as of the date of publication. However, Web page addresses and the information on them may change or disappear at any time and for any number of reasons. The user is encouraged to perform his or her own general Web searches to locate any site addresses listed here that are no longer valid. AHIMA strives to recognize the value of people from every racial and ethnic background as well as all genders, age groups, and sexual orientations by building its membership and leadership resources to reflect the rich diversity of the American population. AHIMA encourages the celebration and promotion of human diversity through education, mentoring, recognition, leadership, and other programs. American...
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...Compliance and Coding Management Task 2 Western Governor’s University Compliance and Coding Management Task 2 A. Outline a HIM compliance plan that emphasizes the coding function by doing the following: 1. The necessary components of a compliance plan include Code of conduct, policies and procedures, education and training, communication, auditing, corrective action and reporting. The code of conduct is a statement or oath that establishes the intent to perform duties lawfully and ethically. The second component of a plan would include policies and procedures. The policies and procedures for coding would cover items such as how and when to query a physician, acceptable documentation sources, how to rebill a claim, usage of coding guidelines, payer specific issues, and any additional gray areas that may arise in the coding function. Education and training processes must also be outlined in a HIM compliance plan. This would need to identify the number of mandatory CEU’s for each employee, new hire training guidance and requirements, as well as physician and clinical staff educational guidelines and processes. The HIM/Coding compliance plan should also include policies and procedures that address communication, the auditing/monitoring process, any necessary corrective action steps and finally the process for reporting the coding compliance steps that have been followed and any areas identified as risks or any findings of noncompliance. 2. The HIM director...
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...as DSM-IV-TR, which indicates fourth edition, text revision of the manual, published in 2000. The DSM-IV-TR provides a classification of mental disorders, criteria sets to guide the process of differentialdiagnosis , and numerical codes for each disorder to facilitate medical record keeping. The stated purpose of the DSM is threefold: to provide "a helpful guide to clinical practice"; "to facilitate research and improve communication among clinicians and researchers"; and to serve as "an educational tool for teaching psychopathology." The multi-axial system The third edition of DSM , or DSM-III , which was published in 1980, introduced a system of five axes or dimensions for assessing all aspects of a patient's mental and emotional health. The multi-axial system is designed to provide a more comprehensive picture of complex or concurrent mental disorders. According to the DSM-IVTR, the system is also intended to "promote the application of the biopsychosocial model in clinical, educational and research settings." The reference to the biopsychosocial model is significant, because it indicates that the DSM-IV-TR does not reflect the view of any specific "school" or tradition within psychiatry regarding the cause or origin (also known as "etiology") of mental disorders. In other words, the DSM-IV-TR is atheoretical in its approach to diagnosis and classification— the axes and categories...
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...Group 1 Team Assignment CSEC 630- 9026 Jeff Daniels Written by: Kevin Alton, Nadia Iqbal, and Alex Polevoy July 2015 Table of Contents Introduction.…………………………………………………………………..………….3 Section I: iTrust Threats & Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures.……………..…………..3 Section II: Recommended Changes to Security Management Policies………...……………..7 Section III: Adaption of Requirements to Reduce Security Risk……….……………....…......11 Conclusion. …………………………………….…………………………………….…21 References ……………………………………………………………...………………23 Introduction There are multiple benefits of electronic health records (EHR), which include improved care, quicker access to patient files, and increased physician oversight of care. However, with the benefit of convenience of using EHRs, comes the responsibility of protecting electronic protected health information (ePHI) and safeguarding sensitive patient data. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) focuses on protecting ePHI with guidelines to ensure organizations have implemented “reasonable and appropriate” security measures to adhere to HIPAA rules and maintain patient confidentiality. HIPAA requires covered entities to conduct risk assessments to verify compliance and attempt to uncover areas where ePHI is at risk of...
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...#1…Public health IN THE United States, primary care remains a medical model. This is in contrast to much of the world, where the 1978 Declaration of Alma-At a which recognized that attaining health for all also requires interaction from social and economic sectors - is considered standard. Today, there is much buzz about patient-centered medical homes, a concept that promises to transform the practice of American medicine. There is much to praise about this most recent iteration of the medical home. But the missing ingrethent in all these definitions and models remains public health. A population focus that addresses the social determinants of health is an essential component of primary health care. In the United States, such a comprehensive approach has been labeled community-oriented primary care. This model is built firmly on the Alma-Ata principles and incorporates a public health approach to health services. Community-oriented primary care organizes the delivery of health services, around a population, not simply a collection of individuals. It identifies a population - most frequently a geographically defined community - and uses epidemiology and interventions to improve community and individual health and well-being. In this model, both individual patients and the community are the foci of the delivery of health services. Primary health care stands at the intersection of personal and population health services. It requires integrating medical models of primary care...
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...Deep Learning more at http://ml.memect.com Contents 1 Artificial neural network 1 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.1 Improvements since 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.1 Network function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.2 Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3.3 Learning paradigms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3.4 Learning algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Employing artificial neural networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.1 Real-life applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.2 Neural networks and neuroscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 Neural network software ...
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...DIS 511: IS DATA, CODING, AND INFORMATION Data and information Data. ← Items about things, events, activities, and transactions are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. ← Data items can be numeric, alphanumeric, figures, sounds, or images. Information. ← Data that have been organized in a manner that gives them meaning for the recipient. They confirm something the recipient knows, or may have “surprise” value by revealing something not known. Internal and External data ← Internal data ← An organization internal data are stored in one or more places. Internal data is normally accessible via an organization computer network and may reside in user’s PC, databases and people’s memory. Internal data relates to: ← People e.g. employees – corporate database ← Products - sales ← Services ← Processes ← External data relates to activities outside the organisation. The data is critical in the management of the organization. Source include: Commercial databases e.g. data available on CD-ROMS, Internet servers, pictures, diagrams, atlases, television, Government reports, Commercial databases that normally charge for access to specialized databases Internal and External data ■ External data must be monitored and captured to ensure that important data...
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...Employment News 31 May - 6 June 2014 www.employmentnews.gov.in 21 UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 09/2014-CSP (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS : 30/06/2014) DATE :31.05.2014 CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2014 (Commission’s website-http://upsc.gov.in) F. No. 1/5/2013-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 24th Aug., 2014 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 31st May, 2014. (i) Indian Administrative Service. (ii) Indian Foreign Service. (iii) Indian Police Service. (iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’. (v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group ‘A’. (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (viii) Indian Revenue Service (I.T.), Group ‘A’. (ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager, Administration). (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. (xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. (xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. (xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. (xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner in Railway Protection Force, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group...
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...Employment News 11 - 17 February 2012 www.employmentnews.gov.in 21 Union Public Service Commission EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 04/2012-CSP DATED 11.02.2012 (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS : 05.03.2012) CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2012 (Commission's website - http://www.upsc.gov.in) F. No. 1/4/2011-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 20th May, 2012 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 4th February, 2012. (i) Indian Administrative Service. (ii) Indian Foreign Service. (iii) Indian Police Service. (iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’. (v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group ‘A’. (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (viii) Indian Revenue Service (I.T.), Group ‘A’. (ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager, Administration). (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. (xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. (xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. (xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. (xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner in Railway Protection Force, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’. (xvii) Indian Information...
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...de Souza et al. BMC Health Services Research 2012, 12:481 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/481 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Unsupported off-label chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer Jonas A de Souza1,2*, Blase Polite1,2,3, Monica Perkins4, Neal J Meropol5, Mark J Ratain1,2,6, Lee N Newcomer4 and G Caleb Alexander7 Abstract Background: Newer systemic therapies have the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality from metastatic colorectal cancer, yet such therapies are costly and have side effects. Little is known about their non-evidence-based use. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using commercial insurance claims from UnitedHealthcare, and identified incident cases of metastatic colon cancer (mCC) from July 2007 through April 2010. We evaluated the use of three regimens with recommendations against their use in the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network Guidelines, a commonly used standard of care: 1) bevacizumab beyond progression; 2) single agent capecitabine as a salvage therapy after failure on a fluoropyridimidine-containing regimen; 3) panitumumab or cetuximab after progression on a prior epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. We performed sensitivity analyses of key assumptions regarding cohort selection. Costs from a payer perspective were estimated using the average sales price for the entire duration and based on the number of claims. Results: A total of 7642 patients with incident colon cancer were identified...
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...“A Study On Recruitment Procedure Followed In Fresenius Medical Care (India) Pvt Ltd.” Chapter – I Introduction 1.1. Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management is the management of an organizations work force or Human Resource. It is responsible for attraction, selection, training and assement, rewarding of employee while, also overseeing organizational leadership and culture ensuring with employee and labour laws. The function was initially dominated by transactional work such as payroll and benefits administration but due to globalization, company consolidation, technological advancement and further research. Now Human Resource focus on strategic initiatives like merger and acquisition, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labour relation and diversity and inculsion. It is essential that Human Resource be made an integral part of an organization. Human Resource can be instrumental in developing a full analysis of each division and determining how function like recruiting and employee relation can support new and existing strategies. Human Resource is also an invaluable resource in evaluating how to facilitate the adoption of strategies, recruitment of new talent to sustain them and assure smooth transitions. As we concentrate on recruitment procedure, which is...
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...Molecules, Biodiversity, Food and Health Biological Molecules Biological Molecules (a) describe how hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules, and relate this, and other properties of water, to the roles of water in living organisms; Water is a polar molecule. This is because the oxygen atom pulls the shared electrons towards it, meaning that water is slightly negatively charged at the oxygen and positively charged at the hydrogen ends, so they can form hydrogen bonds with each other. This are continuing breaking and reforming, so the molecules can move around. Property of water Solvent Importance Metabolic processes in all organisms rely on chemicals being able to react together in solution Examples 70-95% of cytoplasm is water. Dissolved chemicals take part in processes such as respiration and photosynthesis in living organisms Liquid The movement of materials around organisms, both in cells and on a large scale in multicellular organisms requires a liquid transport medium Water molecules stick to each other creating surface tension at the water surface. Cohesion also makes long, thin water columns very strong and difficult to break Blood in animals and the vascular tissue in plants use water as a liquid transport medium Cohesion Freezing Water freezes, forming ice on the surface. Water beneath the surface becomes insulated and less likely to freeze Thermal stability Large bodies of water have fairly...
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