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International Student Motivation

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Submitted By Vampire017
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International student motivations on the choice of studying in the UK. Literature Review;
Britain has become the top destination for international students ahead of America, Newzeland, Canada, Germany and Australia (Haung R, 2005). For many years UK education has been known the best in the world for delivering quality education. UK is reputed for its higher education and has been benefited in speeding its market penetration worldwide (Binsardi A, 2003). Higher education is a key in development of industrial knowledge societies. Students and employer demands for higher quality education is increasing which has resulted in a rapid growth of transnational student mobility (Binsardi & Ekwulungo, 2008). The aim of this research paper is an attempt to examine the push and pull factors which motivate international students desire to seek UK education and influencing the decision making process in selection of final study destination. It also try to find how social and economic forces influence students in host country to push them study abroad? Demand for higher education is boomin around the world (economist,2010). Cross border mobility of students is a core component of internationalisation of higher education which has significant economic and academic implications (Li & Bray, 2007). International students mobility has been noticibaly increasing and becoming an impotrant part of the global higher education scene (verbik,2007). Over the past two decades considerable number of students mobility occured where four million students studied abroad in 2004, which is three times higher than the number in 1980. Binsardi & Ekwulugo, 2003, explain that globalisation has forced tertitary education into business sector to compete for foreign students. This has also resulted into westren economies are increasingly in search of to recruit international students and retain them after graduation as international students hold several short and long term gains for institutions and countries (WES,2007).
Verbis,2007 mention that the significant changes in the infrastructure and capacity of higer education system across the world explain the reason of such growth in such a short time. Rikowski,2002 highlight the point that the internationalisation of higher education has penetrated westren models of education into developing world and the perception that a foreign degree is worth more than home grown has increased the interests of students from developing countries more particularly from countries like china, india and africa (walsh,2009) into westren education. Limited attention has been paid over the international students motivations and decision making elements over questions of why they select uk for higher education.
Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002 from the finding of their research studies conducted in indonesia, taiwan, china and india concludes that social, economical and psychological factors with in the host country act as a "push" force for students to build up their thinking about studying abroad. Zimmermonn,1996 believes that push factors such as inadequate educational capacity, technology limitations, low living standards, insufficient co-ordination between education and labour market, uncertainity about future are the forces (Li &Bray, 2007) that often play a significant role in choice of country. On the other hand pull factors which usually relate to economic conditions such as employment level, wage differentiation, career opportunities, institutional reputation and teaching quality influence on student motivation going abroad for higher education (Maringe & Carter, 2007). However Volet & Renshaw 1995, argues that overseas student motivation to higher education depends on cultural differences. As they found in their study that students from china and india are motivated in order to enhance their understanding and further their qualification which will ultimatly bring better opportunities in future career either in thier own countries or in destination country. Where as this experience is different for EU students whose motivation to uk is mainly because it provides them opportunity to learn english language and uk culture and traditions (Davey,2005).
There is another important stage of decision making process which is multistage and complex process student undertake while deciding to come to uk for higher education. Hooley & Lynch, 1981 in their research observed that social origin like gender, parental occupation, percieved family income, perception of parental influence, friends plans etc are important factors in student decision making process in deciding a university and country. Krampf &Heinlein 1981, also narrates that prospective students will compare the programme in order to check suitability. The elements that influence programme evaluation are a wide range of courses, their quality, international status of the degree, status of the university etc. International student also evaluate course entry requirment, cost and availability of financial support (Qureshi,1995).
From above discussion it can be concluded that competition to attract internationally mobile students is intensifying. As more countries and institutions get into the game, international students have a wider range of options. They are getting smarter and sharper in the quest for the higher education destination that is right for them and their choices and motivations are becoming more diverse.
References;
Bray M & Li M, 2007 “ Cross-border flows of students for higher education; push-pull factors and motivations of mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong” online available from www.jstor.org/pss/29735087
Economist, 2010 “Will they still come; a fast growing industry in which Britain is a world beater; what could go wrong? Sadly, rather alot” online available from www.economist.com/node/16743639
James R, 2002 “Socio-economic background and higher education participation; an analysis of school students aspirations and expectations” online available from www.cshe.unimelb.edu.au/research/equality/docs.pdf
Mazzarola T & Soutar N G, 2002 “Push and pull factors influencing international students destination choice” online available from from www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.html
Verbik L, 2007 “ International student mobility; patterns and trends” online available from www.wes.org/educators/pdf/studenmobility.pdf
Walsh P, 2009 “Global trends in higher education; adult and distance learning” online available from www.icde.org/filestore/resources/reports

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