...studies the companies need for internationalisation as it focuses on the factors companies must consider before entering new markets or expanding abroad. Many factors that lead companies to invest in the international market have been identified. The research is based on theories. Internationalization factors that motivate companies to establish themselves abroad will be included in the theories. The identified categories include of resource, market, strategic resources, efficiency and seeking motives. Network seeking motives has been identified as an additional motive. The research was conducted based on the qualitative approach. Existing information of related to the motives for internationalisation and the factors to consider before internationalisation were used. The secondary material includes peer-reviewed journals, international business books and research papers. A case study of Chrysodalia Ltd was used to explain the PESTEL and SWOT analysis. Based on the case, it is concluded that companies internationalised in order to increase their competitive advantage. Companies rely on factors, which include Resource seeking, Market seeking, Efficiency seeking, Strategic asset seeking to create competitive advantage in an already saturate market. The factors that the company should consider before internationalising are proactive motivations such as home factors, external factors, and product factors in additional to target nation production factors, target nation environmental factors...
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...Globalization @ SAP Globalization Drives Business SAP Globalization Services Erik Törnqvist, LPM for ERP Financials, Sweden Agenda 1 2 3 4 Globalization @ SAP and Globalization Services Globalization Strategy Internationalization Localization 5 6 7 © Translation Service Offerings Highlights / Case Studies 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2 Agenda 1 2 3 4 Globalization @ SAP and Globalization Services Globalization Strategy Internationalization Localization 5 6 7 © Translation Service Offerings Highlights / Case Studies 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 3 Business Trends That Foster SAP’s Value Proposition 1 Customers don’t want a product, they want to get a job done. 2 Growing speed and scope of global change. SAP offers the best solution portfolio to leverage these trends. With SAP, companies are ready for: Innovation at the speed of each business Transformation from built-to-last enterprises to built-to-adapt business networks Performance optimization closed loop from strategy to execution and back again The challenges of a globalized economy © 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 4 Globalization @ SAP Facts and Figures Globalization is a key differentiator for SAP in a competitive market Global customer base in >140 countries > 60 country version covering legal requirements delivered 39 languages delivered for various solutions ~ 1100 persons are working on globalization topics Strong commitment to customers ...
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...Group 41 : GREGOIRE Guillaume THOMAS Bertrand ZABI Anar Group 41 : GREGOIRE Guillaume THOMAS Bertrand ZABI Anar CHANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN CHANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN This change management plan has been elaborated for the attention of the Vinci Energies Academy Director, Mister Eddy VANDERSMISSEN and the International and Digital Learning Activity Manager, Mister Thomas DOEUVE. It will mainly cover the review of the internationalization and the digitalization of the Academy with the objective to help you to best roll out your change projects within the organisation. For purpose of clarity, our change management plan will be divided into five parts: 3 3 Part 1: Contextualization 1.1 Characterizing the existing influence system 1.2 Identifying the main stakeholders 1.3 Nomination of an intermediary person 13 13 Part 2: Problematization 15 15 Part 3: Enrolment 17 17 Part 4: Convergence 4.3 Continuous Communication 4.2 Continuous evaluation 4.1 Project management techniques 26 26 Part 5: Extension Part 1 : Contextualization Part 1 : Contextualization Before concretely designing a change management plan, it is important to understand the elements of the internal context of the Academy, which are likely to influence the course of the change process. The goal of this first phase of the project is to make sure that we understood well the way the company works as...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11...
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...development through a case study of the Swedish home furnishing giant IKEA and its supply network concerning the PAX wardrobe system. The paper provides a synthesis of the existing global sourcing literature by dividing this growing body of research into three major themes: globalization processes and stages, motives/drivers, and organizational design and management. Moreover, the paper integrates the global sourcing literature with the established literature on the internationalization process of firms. Comparing the existing research on global sourcing and internationalization, we propose two research questions focused on: (1) the ways in which the IKEA global sourcing and supply chain development process resembles a linear stages process, and (2) the principal drivers of the development of global sourcing within IKEA. Relating the findings of the global sourcing process in the case of IKEA, the paper suggests that the process does not fit the linear and incremental stage processes as suggested in the majority of global sourcing literature, but rather fits the interaction and network process model as suggested in the network school of internationalization. Key words: global sourcing, internationalization, IKEA 1. Introduction Global sourcing is one of the greatest strategic challenges...
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...15 16 Introduction to International Marketing The International Marketing Environment The International Marketing Information and Research Process International Competitive Marketing Strategies Market Selection Decisions and Entry Strategies Management of Exporting and Importing International Marketing Operations and Planning Product and Brand Decisions for International Marketing Service Strategies for International Marketing International Channels of Distribution and Logistics Management Pricing Decisions in International Markets Integrated International Marketing Communications International Business-To-Business Marketing Retail Internationalization and Marketing The Internet and International Marketing Ethics and International Marketing Index xix xxi xxiii xxiv 1 34 68 104 138 172 209 239 274 303 335 367 401 430 454 478 507 Contents List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to International Marketing Introduction The nature of international marketing Contextual determinants of international marketing Historical development Definition of international marketing Relationship with other business fields A theoretical framework for international marketing Approaches to internationalization Factors causing internationalization The process of firms’ internationalization A holistic approach The motivation for firms to go international Trade theories and economic development Absolute advantage Comparative advantage The assumptions...
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...Odette Jaller May 28, 2015 Politics and Processes Stephan Langdon Final Project: General Mills Company Background General Mills is a leading global producer of packaged consumer foods that was founded in 1928 (General Mills, 2014). General Mills is the world’s sixth largest food manufacture and the second largest producer of breakfast cereal in the United States. The company makes products in 15 countries and manages 40 production sites in the United States (General Mills, 2014). Within these sites, it employs about 35,000 workers, which allow the company to sell its products in more than 100 countries besides the Unites States. The company’s mission can be stated in two words: Nourishing lives. The company also has a strong international presence, selling its products in more than 100 countries. General Mills operates within three segments: US Retail, International, and Bakeries and Foodservice (General Mills, 2014). The company participates within the Cereal Production industry through its US Retail segment, which includes ready-to-eat cereal, organic cereal, granola bars and grain snacks. The cereal segment of its business is the most significant source of revenue, representing about 23% of US retail sales. Furthermore, it is estimated that US industry-specific revenue will grow at an annualized rate of 3.8% to $2.5 billion during the five years to fiscal 2013 (General Mills, 2014). Industry Analysis: Internationalization The breakfast cereal industry acquires raw...
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...Managing the internationalization process Learning outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ➤ Understand the motives for internationalization. ➤ Apply the theories underpinning the internationalization process. ➤ Explain the Psychic Distance and Born Global concepts. 5 ➤ Advise a multinational firm on choosing an appropriate entry mode for internationalization. ➤ Advise a multinational firm on de-internationalization. 148 Global strategic development Opening case study Internationalization of a French retailer—Carrefour In 1960, Carrefour opened its first supermarket in France. In 1963, Carrefour invented a new store concept—the hypermarket. The hypermarket concept was novel, and revolutionized the way French people did their shopping. It moved daily shopping from small stores to enormous stores where customers find everything they want under one roof, in addition to selfservice, discount price, and free parking space. The first Carrefour hypermarket store was established at the intersection of five roads—hence the name, Carrefour, which means ‘crossroads’. Carrefour is the leading retailer in Europe and the second largest worldwide, with Exhibit A International development of Carrefour Year Country and mode of entry No. of stores (2009) 1969 1973 1975 1982 1989 1991 1993 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 2000 Belgium—Carrefour’s first hypermarket outside France Spain Brazil—Carrefour’s first hypermarket in the Americas Argentina Taiwan—Carrefour’s...
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...Globalization ,Education and Japan Ikuo ISOZAKI(Dr. & Prof.) Chiba University,JAPAN Introduction The word “globalization” is the buzzword of the moment. Similar to the word “democracy”, it could be one of those words that become more ambiguous in meaning as they are more widely used. Globalization, however, is not too difficult a word to understand when we interpret it as a phenomenon where goods, people, information and services are now more easily coming together over national boundaries. Behind globalization, no doubt, is rapid technological innovation. The idea is that globalization is dramatically making our globe smaller, our spectrum wider and our various networks larger. Some people argue that there are downfalls however, including flooding information and heightening psychological insecurity from various types of inequality. We are required to face globalization while fully understanding the positives and negatives of globalization. Globalization is likely impacting not only on how economies work, but also on what a state actually is. For example, some experts maintain that the function of a state is diminished by globalization and forced to focus efforts on localization and regionalization. I would like to examine from various aspects how globalization influences states,and public policies, especially on the educational policy by taking Japan as an example...
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...Internationalization of IKEA in the Japanese market and Chinese markets Tutor: Authors: Group: Date: Leif Linnskog Wannapa Chaletanone (05-11-1982, Thailand) Wanee Cheancharadpong (03-09-1983, Thailand) 2022 June 4, 2008 Master Thesis EFO705, 10 points (15 credits) – Spring 2008 International Business and Entrepreneurship – MIMA Program School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology Abstract Date June 4, 2008 Level Master Thesis EFO705, 10 points (15 credits) Authors Wannapa Chaletanone (05-11-1982, Thailand) Wanee Cheancharadpong (03-09-1983, Thailand) Title Internationalization of IKEA in the Japanese and Chinese markets Supervisor Leif Linnskog Problems Why did IKEA internationalize into Japanese and Chinese markets? And what factors did influence IKEA’s success in Chinese market but failure in the Japanese market of the first round? Purpose The aim of thesis is to understand the internationalization of IKEA in Asia by comparing between Japanese and Chinese markets. Method This master thesis based on qualitative approach in order to investigate the internationalization of IKEA in Asian markets as a case study since it is beneficial in understanding the observation and explanation of behavior in the certain cases. Conclusion IKEA is considered as retailer internationalization who expands into Japanese market as a result of deregulation and asset-based advantage while internationalize...
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...the case? Whenever we listen to it on the news, read it inside the newspapers, catch people chatting about it, the phrase globalization looks like it has a different meaning. So the question, what exactly is globalization? What are the key drivers? How does it affect international business? Through describing the importance of globalization for international business and investigating main ideas of the international business atmosphere, above questions will be answered. Until we have an understanding of some drivers of Globalization we may not be able to see how the business or firms --- as an individual and collectively --- will be like in the future. After that we will begin to understand the changes in the stages of a firm which will come out as a result of this globalization. Globalization is the changes in world economy around the globe due to the rapid changes in technology. Globalization can be explained as a course of action by which the people around the world are interconnected and unified into one society and working side by side. It is a mixture of economic, technological, socio cultural and political forces. As a phrase globalization, is quite often used to relate to economic globalization i.e. desegregation of national economies in to the global economy with the help of trade, overseas investment, capital flows, and technology. Many think about it as bad that it will build up more distress for the lagging countries, delicate states, deprived populations and...
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...can surely help them by importing the products which they do not have much cost advantage. For example, from the edible zoo, they can send meat to those suppliers. Again, it can send other nations the cocoa husk wastage of those chocolates so that they can recycle them and make food-grade paper. Nowadays it is possible to make food-grade paper from cocoa husk. By doing this, those countries can gain cost advantage. Finding: Zotter can send their own edible zoo meat to the suppliers of other countries. Besides this, they can export the cocoa husk wastage by which those suppliers can produce food-grade paper. * 4.2.2: Uppsala Model Uppsala model is a hypothesis that helps in establishing business in other countries through internationalization. * Market Knowledge To expand business in another country, company must have enough knowledge about the market. Zotter is gradually expanding its business to other countries. It needs to remind that every market is distinctive. So, they should always seek for valuable knowledge about desired market. * Commitment decisions * Trusting is very important to internationalize a business. If a company can not commit the...
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...The Strategic analysis: A Case Study of ZTE This essay studies the strategic management in ZTE and has four parts. First part is a brief introduction of ZTE. Then the environmental analysis of ZTE is given and the challenges are stated. A critical analysis of ZTE’s strategy based on the environment is given in the third part. The last part is the future implication. Part 1 Introduction ZTE first founded as Zhongxing Semiconductor Co. Ltd, in 1985, Shenzhen, China. At its early age, ZTE has gained great success. In 1995, ZTE became the first Chinese firm in telecom industry to attain the ISO09001 quality standard certification. In 1996, ZTE started to take the multi-product research and development strategy, which included wireless switching, transmission, access, video conferencing and power supply systems (ZTE, 2012). In 1997, ZTE was listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China. ZTE is currently the biggest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in China’s A stock market. In 2004, it became the first A-share company to be listed in Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Datamonitor, 2011). The focuses of ZTE never limited only in domestic market. ZTE launched its international expansion and expanded aggressively since 2000s. The initial overseas destinations were mainly in Asia and Africa. Currently, ZTE is becoming a global leading provider of telecom equipment and networking solutions which serves clients in 140 countries across the world (Datamonitor, 2011). Due to ZTE’s implementation...
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...a crucial question for managers in numerous industries. Not only are services continuing to grow rapidly in domestic economies, but international trade in services is increasing, too. The United States, like some other developed countries, has a trade surplus in services that helps offset the deficit in merchandise trade. In contrast, Japan has been much less successful in internationalizing its service businesses.1 So it is essential to national competitiveness that governments, as well as companies, achieve a better understanding of how to develop effective global strategies for different types of service businesses. Most research to date has focused either on why and how service firms internationalize or on different modes of internationalization.2 In contrast, we examine how globalization drivers and the use of global strategy might apply to various types of services, and what differences might exist relative to manufacturing businesses. In doing so, we combine two different frameworks, one developed to analyze global strategy3 and one for service businesses.4 Overview A major theme in international business is the increasing use of...
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...Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, 535-548 (1991) PORTER'S 'COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF NATIONS': AN ASSESSMENT ROBERT M. GRANT Management Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A. Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations is an important book which bridges the gap between strategic management and international economics while contributing substantially to both. Porter's analysis ofthe impact of national environment on international competitive performance demonstrates the potential for the theory of competitive strategy to rescue international economics from its slide into refined irrelevance, while simultaneously broadening the scope ofthe theory of competitive strategy to encompass both the international dimension and the dynamic context of competition. Nevertheless, the breadth and relevance of Porter's analysis have been achieved at the expense of precision and determinancy. Concepts are often ill defined, theoretical relationships poorly specified, and empirical data chosen selectively and interpreted subjectively. The Competitive Advantage of Nations is an important book. Among Porter's books to date, it is the broadest in scope and the most ambitious in intent. The book addresses a question which lies at the heart of economic and managerial science: 'Why do some social groups, economic institutions, and nations advance and prosper?' (Porter, 1990: xi).This is no new issue: the same question stimulated Adam Smith's...
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