INTRODUCTION
In the year 1960, RAND Corporation introduced the first computer network to the U.S military. They used command-and-control network where there was only one authority who can convey message which can b3e linked from city to city, state to state, and base to base. However, in spite of its ability to transmit the necessary messages to all concerned, its limitation with regards to its capacity to transmit was not to be denied
Four years later Paul Baran form the same company proposed in public the first public networks that have no central authority. It was designed to operate on a get-go transcend were all the nodes in the network would be equal in status to all the other nodes, each node with its own authority to originate, pass, and receive messages.
The national physical laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test network of this principal in 1968. Shortly afterward, the Pentagon’s Advanced Research projects Agency funded a larger and more ambitious network nodes were built in high-speed super computers.
In fall 1969 the first node was installed in UCLA by ARPANET which can transfer data on a high-speed transmission lines. By 1970 ARPARET grew and its structure expands easily because it can accommodate many different kinds of machine.
The original standard for communication was known as the “Network Control Protocol (NCP)”, but as time passed by and the technique advanced, the NCP was superseded by a much higher-level, and more sophisticated standard known as the “Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)”. It converts messages into streams of packets form the source, then resembles them back into messages to the destination. “Internet Protocol” handles the addressing aspect while seeing to it that the packets are well routed across multiple nodes and even across multiple networks.
As the ‘70s and ‘80s advanced, many social groups found