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Note-making - symbols and abbreviations
The art to taking notes in lectures is not to try to write down everything verbatim (word for word) but to choose the important parts to note and to write in an abbreviated way. This will help you to ensure that you keep up with the lecturer and that converting the points to abbreviations and symbols you will also lodge them in your memory.

Symbols
Below are some common shorthand symbols useful for speedy note making.
|[pic] |therefore |
|[pic] |because |
|÷ |statement/answer is correct |
|x |statement/answer is wrong |
|? |question; is the statement correct? |
|/ |or (this/that = this or that) |
|& or + |and/plus |
|- |a dash (often used to join ideas and replace words or punctuation marks that have been omitted) |
|" " |ditto (means the same as the words immediately above the ditto marks) |
|[pic] |does not equal, differs from, is the opposite of |≤ |is equal to or smaller than |
| | |≥ |is equal to or larger than |
|= |is/are/have/has/equals |> |larger than |< |smaller than |
|Æ |leads to/results in/causes |
|[pic] |does not lead to/result in/cause |

Abbreviations
Many of the common general abbreviations useful in note making are found in an appendix in a dictionary; however, some of these are listed below:
|e.g. |for example |
|i.e. |that is |
|etc. |etcetera: and so on |
|c.f. |compare |
|viz. |namely |
|c.(or ca.) |about/approximately |
|N.B. |note |
|C19 |nineteenth century; similarly C20 etc. |
|1920s |i.e. 1920-1929; similarly 1970s etc. |
|approx. |approximately |
|dept |department |
|diff.(s) |difficult(y)(-ies) |
|excl. |excluding |
|govt. |government |
|imp. |important/importance |
|incl. |including |
|info. |information |
|lang. |language |
|ltd |limited |
|max. |maximum |
|min. |minimum |
|1st |first |
|2nd |second |
|3rd |third etc. |
|G.B. |Great Britain |
|U.K. |United Kingdom |
|Eng. |English |
|Brit. |British |
|Q. |question |
|A. |answer |
|no. |number |
|p./pp. |page/pages |
|poss. |possible/possibly |
|prob. |probable/probably |
|probs. |problems |
|re- |with reference to/concerning |
|ref. |reference |
|sts |students |
|tho' |though |
|thro' |through |
|v. |very |
|s/t |something |
|s/o |someone |

Based on James, K., Jordan, R. and Matthews, A. (1991), Listening Comprehension and Note-Taking Skills, London: Collins.

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