...Name: John M. Mwangi Course Name: Depression and Anxiety Course Number: BC 504 Assignment Number: 2 Audio Number: Project Number: Date of seminar (if applicable): Course instructor for seminar (if applicable): Location of seminar (if applicable): **The Assignment Number, Audio Number (if applicable), and Project Number (if applicable) must be accurate in order to process the lesson and record the grade. The correct information is stated in the Course Study Guide. --------------------------------------------------------------- SECULAR AND BIBLICAL APPROACHES TO DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIOUS PROBLEMS Table of Contents: * Introduction * Dysthymia * Diagnosis * Combined efficiency * Different Views * Sufficient and insufficient of medicine * Conclusion * Bibliography A comparison of the effectiveness of medical vs.non-medical treatments for any of the mood disorders or anxiety disorders listed in the DSM-IV-TR Introduction In order to understand the person that God created am going to use an analogy of a computer in comparison with the human being. Computer has two important sides; the outer part or the monitor and the inner part or the central processing unit (CPU). The Bible teaches us that man is a duplex being with two distinct aspects of a body or the outer person and the spirit or the inner person. The outer person is what everyone looks at all the time and people judge by looking at the outer side and identifies us...
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...studies and related experiments, concluded that PTSD patients respond most favorably to a multi-layered treatment process. With the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), drug therapy, group-based therapy and other forms of psychotherapy, patients are achieving a higher cure rate and lower rate of re-occurrence. PTSD is an anxiety disorder triggered as a result of an extreme traumatic event in a person’s life. This trauma might be the result of battle, death, abuse, or violence of any sort. The trauma can cause symptoms to manifest within a month of the event or lay dormant for a period of time, according to all definitions of PTSD. This disorder causes the traumatized to continually re-live the event, to separate from anything associated with the event, either perceived or real, and to become numbed to their normal life process. Another specific reaction to PTSD is hyperarousal, or a heightened sense of watchfulness or paranoia. These symptoms are usually present in association with comorbid conditions such as drug and alcohol dependence, depression, and other social and mental disorders. This combination of conditions makes PTSD one of the most difficult mental health problems to treat in a clinical setting. This paper addresses psychotherapy techniques used in combination with other treatments, and the success of these layered...
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...IPT is a structured, often time limited therapy that focuses on interpersonal functioning and its association to mood states. These altered mood states (depression) are thought of as medical illnesses, and clients are assigned the sick role to relieve some of the self-blame of being “faulty.” Depression is thought of as arising from four central contexts, including: grief, interpersonal disputes, role transitions, or interpersonal deficits. (Weissman, Markowitz, and Klerman, 2007). One of the tasks of therapy is to define the context in which the client is experiencing the most distress and then focus on improving his or her interpersonal interactions, which will then help to improve mood states and emotional regulation. IPT focuses on affects within the interpersonal context, there is no homework, and the therapist is focused on the client’s life outside of therapy, not his or her internal world. The IPT therapist is warm, positive, and hopeful. They are active and supportive, and take an expert role in therapy. They know and understand that the client is “sick” and want the client to feel confident that recovery is possible. (Bateman,...
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...One of the trickiest scientific ideas to define is abnormal psychology. There are very few universally accepted theories in the science of psychology and with a field that is so open to interpretation defining what is normal is a tall order. Interpreting the meaning of research data is a matter of perspective and is often open to debate. Everyone perceives things through their own concept of the world and since no two people experience the world in the exact same way the definition of normal varies from person to person and culture to culture. In this paper we will examine the field of abnormal psychology, a few common disorders, and the varying methods of therapy from the differing psychological schools of thought. Normal vs. Abnormal Psychology “Defining what is abnormal depends on how one first defines what is normal” (Davis & Buskist, 2008, p. 237). Psychology in general terms is the study of the mind. We study mental processes and human behavior to better understand the human condition. In trying to study the mind and understand the processes of thought there is much overlap from other disciplines; to fully understand behavior we must gain an understanding of all that goes into the process. There are biological, neurological, and evolutionary components to cognition and reaction. There is also a strong philosophical aspect to appreciating the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. In modern psychology there are four main schools of thought: psychodynamic, behaviorist, cognitive...
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...Existential Psychotherapy is the only branch of psychotherapy that emphasizes on intricate subjective conditions that influence our behavior. Krug, 2009, said that existentialism aims to understand people as spiritual beings in the world who make their physical, psychological, social, and interpersonal reality from their own life experiences. According to him, and other eminent contributors of existentialism, there are four basic dimensions in human life that is responsible for all emotions, and conflicts. They are : Self awareness Freedom and autonomy Making own identity and maintaining social relationships The search for meaning and purpose in life Awareness of death as an inevitable part of human life Anxiety and conflict that appears...
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...Personality Overview Paper Socrates Garcia Sr, September 22, 2011 PSY/ 405 Leslie Fuentes Personality Overview Paper Like many things in psychology there is a wide selection of personality theories as well as theorist that contributed to the theories. Just like other theories in psychology all of the theories dealing with a person’s personality have their strengths as well as their weaknesses and limitations. This paper is going to cover two of the theories of personality, psychoanalytic social theory and interpersonal theory. The paper is going to focus on comparing the two theories by covering their basic assumptions, comparing the behavior in regards to all the free will, that’s finally going over to the unconscious versus all the conscious motives for a person’s behaviors. Psychoanalytic Social Theory Assumptions The creator or the originator of the psychoanalytic social theory was Karen Horney. The most basic assumption underlying the theory is the social and the cultural experiences; special experiences in childhood, these are primarily responsible for the shaping an individual’s Character (Feist & Feist, 2009). Horney was unlike other theorists didn’t rule out biological factors as influencing a person’s personality development. She also didn’t limit childhood experiences that happened to be traumatic in the terms of stages of development. Horney was similar to Freud as she believed that people were driven by a force in life; while Freud believed...
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...Behavior Therapy: Basic Concepts, Assessment Methods, and Applications. Different kinds of psychotherapies have existed throughout history, and have always been rooted in philosophical views of human nature (Wachtel P., 1997). Specifically, behavior therapy intents to help individuals overcome difficulties in nearly any aspect of human experience (Thorpe G. & Olson S., 1990). The techniques of behavior therapy have been applied to education, the workplace, consumer activities, and even sports, but behavior therapy in clinical settings is largely concerned with the assessment of mental health problems. In general, behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy that aims on changing undesirable types of behavior. It engages in identifying objectionable, maladaptive behaviors and replacing them with healthier ones. . According to Rimm D. & Masters J. (1974), the label “behavior therapy” comprises a large number of different techniques that make use of psychological-especially learning- principles to deal with maladaptive human behavior. Behavior therapy is a relative new kind of psychotherapy (Corsini R. & Wedding D., 2008). As a systematic approach, behavior therapy began in the 1950’s, in order to assess and treat psychological disorders. Behavior therapy was developed by a small group of psychologists and physicians who were not satisfied with the conventional techniques of psychotherapy (Thorpe G. et al, 1990). They linked behavior therapy to experimental psychology, differentiating...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Name PSY/405 Date Teacher University Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories In a perfect world, there would only be one, if not two different types of personality theories that psychologists would have to choose from in order to diagnose and treat their patients with, but variety, as they say, is the spice of life. In addition to that of psychodynamic personality theories, another set of equally important, and perhaps more interesting are that of humanistic and existential theories, made popular by psychologists Carl Rodger and Abraham Maslow. Humanistic and Existential Analysis Individual Personalities Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in his or her journey toward self-actualization. Abraham Maslow’s holistic-dynamic (humanistic) approach focuses on the needs of an individual and how the fulfillment of those needs help or hinder one journey. Although the needs are intrinsic to humans, the progress to the next step is contingent upon the fulfillment, or satisfaction of the prior need (Feist, & Feist, 2009). Carl Rogers’s client-centered theory also includes needs but goes farther to explain the significance of self-awareness in reaching self-actualization. Maslow’s and Rogers encompassing approach toward understanding human motivation included the evaluation of one’s physical, mental, and social conditions as well as the positive aspect of an individual‘s...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychodynamic Personality Theories Matrix Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, complete the following table. |Theory |Assumptions |Reliability |Validity |Application | |Psychoanalytic Theory |Psychological tools within our brains require|Defense mechanisms |Psychoanalysis as a philosophy has been |Personality (Freud and Erikson) | | |a certain type of power in order to function |Creation of thesis technique |questioned since the 1900’s |Gender role improvement | | |This type of power also is also used in |Discuses importance of infancy |Pros and cons evaluators of psychoanalysis|Affection | | |various tasks that are psychologically |Fantasy examination |affirms that psychoanalysis works well as |Therapy- psychoanalysis | | |related like: emotions, and thoughts. |Projective exams |an aspect in behavior and must be given |Moral development –superego (Freud) | | | ...
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...Attachment, in dictionary terms, means affection, fondness, or sympathy for someone or something. In psychotherapy, attachment theory refers to how those attachments impact human interpersonal relations. Attachment theory was first conceptualised by John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst who dedicated his time to studying the affectional bonds which form between a child and his primary caregiver. In Segal and Jaffe (2013), the affectional bond is simply but realistically defined as one's first love relationship. Bowlby referred to attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings. This bond is initially formed by the first attachment figure a person comes across in life. This is in most cases is the mother. In other situations, it may be a father, or where a child is orphaned or put in foster care, it could vary. It refers to anyone who remains in a central role in a child's life for at least the first three to five years. This period is crucial because it is when a child's brain rapidly develops. Bowlby (1984) says that attachment behaviour is most active and overt before the age of three but the need for attachment figures remains throughout life. Bretherton (1985) found that after three, it is less frequent and noticeable as the child gains increased abilities to protect itself and coping skills. Attachment behaviour is however more noticeable during times of exceptional stress. According to Segal and Jaffe (2013), an attachment bond shapes an infant's brain...
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...immutable substance. Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product. Existence is associated with growth and change; essence signifies stagnation and finality. (Fiest, Feist & Roberts (2013) Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories offered perspectives that have proven to be valuable. Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in their journey toward self-actualization. From Carl Rogers’s development of the actualizing tendency and the formative tendency to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there is a diverse range of perspective. In this paper, we will analyze how humanistic and existential theories affect individual personalities and explain how these personality theories influence interpersonal relationships. Effect on Individual Personalities Our personalities consist of many complex characteristics and have been classified into a wide array of theories. One main concept of these theories is known as the Learning theory. Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans learn or how they accommodate a relatively permanent behavioral change or its potential (Feist, Feist & Roberts, 2013). With this said, it is essentially the conceptual framework of our minds and encompass how information is absorbed, processed and retained. Some of the most influential work in regards to humanistic and existential personality theories belong to Abraham H. Maslow, Carl...
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...To Talk or to Medicate. To Talk or to Medicate Tierra Owens Dr. Akenburg PSY 492 801 October 6, 2013 To Talk or To Medicate On a daily basis I deal with homeless veterans who have served in the military for our country. Each day I face many difficulties, but no difficulty could ever measure up to the difficulties the homeless veterans in my program face. Each day I look over charts of veterans who have been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and many of the co-diagnosed with extensive Substance Abuse issues as well and I ask myself “was this abuse to ease the pain? The veterans I serve has spent years in a military only to come home to a world who looks down on them because they are no longer normal and find it very hard to adjust to the civilian world due to the imagines stained on their brain from the world. In the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, about one in ten returning soldiers seen in VA have a problem with alcohol or other drugs (Veteran Affairs 2012). As human service provider I witness this co diagnosis of PTSD ( Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and SUD (Substance Abuse Disorder) daily and it has encouraged me to form a opinion. After some deep thought I would like to look into the efficiency of the treatment prescribed to solders suffering from PTSD and which is more effective. In this paper I will be looking Cognitive behavioral therapy offered when trying to treat PTSD and SUD . On the other hand I will like to...
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...Personality Analysis Personality Analysis The personality of an individual is what makes him or her unique among others. That same uniqueness is what makes each person interesting to study and observe. The same set of identical twins may have all the same genetic makeup, but he or she will still have an individual personality to call his or her own. The study of personality is quite complex and involves many ideas and theories from wide variety of scholars. Personality is also something people can share and relate to with one another. According to Allport, “Personality is about what is unique to the individual, but it is also about what is shared across people” (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This paper will compare and contrast these theories, explore the characteristics that accompany these theories, and explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with these particular theories. Psychodynamic Theory The theory of psychodynamics is the basic study of all psychological abilities that place an influence on human behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). This may especially include the compelling relationships among the motivation of the conscious and unconscious, which were the ideas of Sigmund Freud. Although Freud established the ideas of “psychodynamics”...
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...Introduction Psychodynamic psychotherapy places great emphasis on aspect that are usually not known to an individual, perhaps most familiar to us as the unconscious processes. According to Shelder (2010), distinctive features of Psychodynamic technique extends to a wide range of treatments based on psychoanalytic concepts and methods that consist of less frequent sessions and may be significantly more short-termed than the psychoanalysis concept. Sessions are scheduled typically once or twice per week consisting with treatment either in time limited or open ended fashion. In contrast to traditional and inadequate teaching materials of psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapies made by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century, conventional psychodynamic...
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... experiences, and the environment. Different theories have been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much like behavioral analysis theory, the main advantage of the social cognitive theory is that it is based on solid quantitative evidence that is observable and recordable. The other advantage of this theory is the...
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