...refer to any violation of rules and norms. From a sociological perspective, deviance is relative. Definitions of “what is deviant” vary across societies and from one group to another within the same society. Howard S. Becker described the interpretation of deviance as, “…not the act itself, but the reaction to the act that makes something deviant.” This coincides with the symbolic interactionist view. In some cases, an individual need not do anything to be labeled a deviant. He or she may be falsely accused or discredited because of a birth defect, race, or disease. Even crime is relative when interpreting the deviance of the actor. Deviance is based on adherence to and violation of norms. Human groups need norms to exist. By making behavior predictable, norms make social life possible. Consequently, all human groups develop a system of social control, which involves formal and informal means of enforcing norms. Those who violate these norms face the danger of being labeled “deviant.” Violators can expect to experience negative sanctions for the violation of norms. Members of society who conform to societal norms, especially those who go above and beyond what is commonly expected, receive positive sanctions. In some societies, such as the Amish, shaming is a common negative sanction that acts strongly as a means of social control, minimizing deviance. Biologists, psychologists, and sociologists have different perspectives on why people violate norms. Biological...
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...deviance to refer to any violation of rules and norms. From a sociological perspective, deviance is relative. Definitions of “what is deviant” vary across societies and from one group to another within the same society. Howard S. Becker described the interpretation of deviance as, “…not the act itself, but the reaction to the act that makes something deviant.” This coincides with the symbolic interactionist view. In some cases, an individual need not do anything to be labeled a deviant. He or she may be falsely accused or discredited because of a birth defect, race, or disease. Even crime is relative when interpreting the deviance of the actor. Deviance is based on adherence to and violation of norms. Human groups need norms to exist. By making behavior predictable, norms make social life possible. Consequently, all human groups develop a system of social control, which involves formal and informal means of enforcing norms. Those who violate these norms face the danger of being labeled “deviant.” Violators can expect to experience negative sanctions for the violation of norms. Members of society who conform to societal norms, especially those who go above and beyond what is commonly expected, receive positive sanctions. In some societies, such as the Amish, shaming is a common negative sanction that acts strongly as a means of social control, minimizing deviance. Biologists, psychologists, and sociologists have different perspectives on why people violate norms. Biological explanations...
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...Introductory Sociology Online Test 1 February 26, 2011 Chapter 1 Questions: 1. The sociological perspective stresses the ___________________ in which people live. a. social contexts b. geographical location c. neighborhoods d. cities 2. What world event most inspired the development of sociology? a. the Industrial Revolution b. the invention of the printing press c. the discovery of the New World d. the drafting of the U.S. Constitution 3. According to Marx, the capitalists, who own the means of production, exploit the: a. bourgeoisie b. proletariat c. masses d. peasants 4. The degree to which people are tied to their social group is called: a. social prevention b. positivism c. social submergence d. social integration 5. Laud Humphreys’ study of a city park bathroom resulted in an ethical controversy because: a. his study could not be replicated b. his results were falsified c. some of his writing had been plagiarized d. he used deception and did not identify himself as a researcher 6. Weber concluded that the key factor in the rise of capitalism was: a. social upheaval b. survival of the fittest c. religion d. technology 7. Despite writing an insightful examination of the United States, Harriet Martineau’s work was ignored because she was: a. not a real sociologist b. a theologian ...
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...Understanding the Factors Affecting The Unemployment Rate Through Regression Analysis An Individual Report Presented to The Faculty of Economics Department In Partial Fulfillment To The Requirements for ECONMET C31 Submitted to: Dr. Cesar Rufino Submitted by: Aaron John Dee 10933557 April 8, 2011 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 4 A. Background of the Study 4 B. Statement of the Problem 5 C. Objective 5 II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RELATED LITERATURE 6 A. GDP 6 B. Average Years in School 6 C. Population 7 D. Literacy Rate 7 III. OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK 9 A. Model Specification 9 B. List and Description of Variables 9 C. A-priori Expectations 10 IV. METHODOLOGY 12 V. EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS 13 A. Regression of the Original Model 13 2 B. Summary Statistics 15 C. Testing for Misspecification in the Model 16 D. Testing for Multicollinearity 17 E. Testing for Heteroscedasticity 18 VI. CONCLUSION 21 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 22 3 I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study When we were still kids, we dream of what we want to be in the future. Older people will usually ask us if what we want to be in the future. Most of us will say, they want to be a doctor, lawyer or engineer to name some. We think and think about our career, but once we are already in the college level, we now dream to become successful...
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...BAM 411 Human Resource Management Unit 4 Examination Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bam-411-human-resource-management-unit-4-examination/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com 1. The principles of conduct governing an individual or a group are referred to as ________. • judgments • ethics • norms • laws 2. Procedural justice refers to the ________. • degree to which managers treat employees with dignity as opposed to abuse ordisrespect • fairness of the process used to arrive at a decision • manner in which managers conduct their interpersonal dealings with employees • fairness of a decision’s result 3. The Enron debacle, “It’s not the rules but what employees feel they should do that determinesethical behavior,” is a description of ________. • national culture • organizational culture • organizational climate • organizational ethics 4. The CEO of Southwest Airlines can sometimes be seen helping out at a gate, handling luggage,and assisting cabin attendants while in flight. This is an example of ________ to create andsustain the company’s culture. • organizing ceremonies • providing physical support • using signs and symbols • clarifying expectations 5. All of the following is a step in discipline without punishment except: • if no further incidents purge the one-day suspension from the file ...
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...BAM 411 Human Resource Management Unit 4 Examination Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bam-411-human-resource-management-unit-4-examination/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com 1. The principles of conduct governing an individual or a group are referred to as ________. • judgments • ethics • norms • laws 2. Procedural justice refers to the ________. • degree to which managers treat employees with dignity as opposed to abuse ordisrespect • fairness of the process used to arrive at a decision • manner in which managers conduct their interpersonal dealings with employees • fairness of a decision’s result 3. The Enron debacle, “It’s not the rules but what employees feel they should do that determinesethical behavior,” is a description of ________. • national culture • organizational culture • organizational climate • organizational ethics 4. The CEO of Southwest Airlines can sometimes be seen helping out at a gate, handling luggage,and assisting cabin attendants while in flight. This is an example of ________ to create andsustain the company’s culture. • organizing ceremonies • providing physical support • using signs and symbols • clarifying expectations 5. All of the following is a step in discipline without punishment except: • if no further incidents purge the one-day suspension from the file ...
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...International Business Environment BE2501 – Summary Chapter 1 Globalization – refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization of markets – refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Globalization of products – refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land and capital) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) World Trade Organization (WTO) – is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in the trade treaties signed by WTO member states. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) were both created in 1944 by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; The WB was set up to promote economic development. United Nations (UN) – was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to persevering peace through international cooperation and collective security. International trade occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. Stock of foreign direct investment – refers...
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...BUSINESS ETHICS Business ethics is nothing but the application of ethics in business. Business ethics is the application of general ethical ideas to business behavior. Ethical business behavior facilitates and promotes good to society, improves profitability, fosters business relations and employee productivity. The concept of business ethics has come to mean various things to various people, but generally it‘s coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing what‘s right - this is in regard to effects of products/ services and in relationships with stakeholders. Business ethics is concerned with the behavior of a businessman in doing a business. Unethical practices are creating problems to businessman and business units. The life and growth of a business unit depends upon the ethics practiced by a businessman. Business ethics are developed by the passage of time and custom. A custom differs from one business to another. If a custom is adopted and accepted by businessman and public, that custom will become an ethic. Business ethics is applicable to every type of business. The social responsibility of a business requires the observing of business ethics. A business man should not ignore the business ethics while assuming social responsibility. Business ethics means the behaviour of a businessman while conducting a business, by observing morality in his business activities. According to Wheeler Business Ethics is an art and science for maintaining harmonious...
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...Women, Constitutions, and Buddhism Gender inequality exists in most of the world’s religions. In Buddhism, many Buddhists have come to assume that being born a woman represents a lower status and a lesser spiritual potential (French & Nathan, 334). The stereotype of a female rebirth as lower than a male has historically resulted in discriminatory attitudes toward women and has been correlated with obstacles to women’s education and ordination. Id. Buddhist women, including nuns, have faced harsh discrimination by Buddhist institutions in Asia for centuries. However, the Buddha and even the Dali Lama himself have accepted the role of women as Buddhists nuns and acknowledged the possibility “of attaining all four stages of the religious path to liberation.” Id. at 344. This reflection paper will focus on the role of women in Buddhism and its effect on the law and also speak on the influence of Buddhism in the Constitutions of Bhutan. The Buddha taught a path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering for all sentient beings and people in every walk of life, to women as well as men, without discriminating class, race, nationality, or social background. For those individuals who wished to dedicate themselves fully to the practice of his teachings, he established a monastic order that included both a Bhikshu Sangha (an order of monks) and a Bhikshuni Sangha (an order of nuns). The first step in becoming a Buddhists nun (or monk) is the going forth or leaving the household...
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...party assumed the other’s thoughts as they did and did not consider the cultural factors that contributed to one another’s perceptions of the situation. This was further complicated by stereotypical thinking and language barriers. Symbolic Interactionism and Communication Symbolic interactionism is a branch that came out of social constructionism and is used more in research and analysis of micro level work (Carter & Fuller, 2015). It focuses on how individuals create meaning of language and symbols through social interaction and experiences. We will first look at how language and the meaning of concepts, words, and phrases played a role in Lia’s medical care. Hutchison states that, “Communicators must share an understanding of the cultural norms and rules governing conduct for their interaction to proceed coherently (Hutchison, 2019).” Logically, if this is true, then the opposite must also be true. It seems as if the Lee’s and the Drs at MCMC could not communicate properly due to the language barrier. However, even when there was an adequate interpreter available, communication was still strained and detached due to the cultural differences of meanings attached to certain words or phrases. Lia Lee’s Dr, Dan Murphy, echoed similar sentiments when recalling his experience with the family, saying, “The language barrier was the most obvious problem, but not the most important problem. The biggest problem was the cultural barrier (Fadiman, 1997, p.69).” He goes on to say that the Hmong’s...
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.... . . . . . . . . . assessment report Administration Practices for Standardized Assessments . . Sasha Zucker With assistance from: Margarita Galindo Elaine Grainger Nancy Severance . . . . . . . . April 2004 Copyright © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved. Pearson and the Pearson logo are trademarks of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). . . . . . . . . . ASSESSMENT REPORT Administration Practices for Standardized Assessments Administration Practices for Standardized Assessments Note: This report is based on “Appropriate Administration Practices with Standardized Tests” published in Testing Information Bulletin No. 3 by Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement, June 1996. Introduction Pearson Inc. (Pearson) develops and distributes a variety of assessments for educational and clinical purposes. To meet the goal of producing highly valid, reliable results for test users, each of these products is developed according to strict guidelines. For standardized tests, the way in which the test is administered is equally important. By carefully adhering to administration practices, a test user can contribute to the validity and reliability of each student’s results. Moreover, following appropriate administration practices satisfies widely accepted ethical standards and codes of responsibilities required for test administrators. This report discusses general and documented administration practices...
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...By TWAGIRAMUNGU Michel From RWANDA "Relationship between international custom and international convention" Abstract The relationship between treaty and custom is a topic of great importance in practice and theory. An attempt at unraveling the intrigues involved in this relationship requires an understanding of the formal nature of the two sources of treaty and custom, and of the impact they exert upon each other in the search for applicable law in a concrete situation by government officials, judges and legislators. The separateness of these two sources is at times not clear, but shall always be maintained. Rules derived from both sources contribute to the body of international law, and they are rules of equal force. The rules thus derived from them may restrict each other in application and conflict in content, thus being conducive to strangeness in law, and may become asymmetrically opposed. This brief description reveals the relationship between treaties and international custom which can influence international practices. That influence can result in different significant consequences for international relations as a whole. This work is concerned with the relationship between treaty and custom at the international level. Introduction There is still no consensus among academics and other interested parties as to what international law is. However, Prof. J. G. Starke has stated that: “International law consists of a system of laws, the majority of which...
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...3: Culture While this Hong Kong pedestrian appears not to notice the Nike billboard behind him, featuring NBA star LeBron James wearing the Air Zoom sneaker, the Chinese people certainly did notice. The Oregon-based Nike corporation was forced to pull its “Chamber of Fear” promotion, based on a Bruce Lee movie, after an outraged public objected to the image of a U.S. athlete defeating a kung fu master. In the global marketplace, cultural differences can undermine even the most elaborate promotional campaign. inside Culture and Society Development of Culture around the World Elements of Culture Culture and the Dominant Ideology Case Study: Culture at Wal-Mart Cultural Variation Social Policy and Culture: Bilingualism Boxes Sociology in the Global Community: Life in the Global Village Sociology in the Global Community: Cultural Survival in Brazil Sociology on Campus: A Culture of Cheating? “Nacirema culture is characterized by a highly developed market economy which has evolved in a rich natural habitat. While much of the people's time is devoted to economic pursuits, a large part of the fruits of these labors and a considerable portion of the day are spent in ritual activity. The focus of this activity is the human body, the appearance and health of which loom as a dominant concern in the ethos of the people. While such a concern is certainly not unusual, its ceremonial aspects and associated philosophy are unique. The fundamental belief underlying the whole...
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...THE CONCEPT OF A LEGAL SYSTEM An Introduction to the Theory of Legal System SECOND EDITION JOSEPH RAZ CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD -iiiOxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxfordis a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United Statesby Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press 1970, 1980 First published 1970 Second edition 1980 Reprinted 1990, 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise...
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...Case Analysis: Apple Finds Human Rights Violation In Supply Chain. Using the 7-step model of Hartman & DesJardins, which helps examining the Impact of individual characteristics and organisational policies on ethical decisions. I will review an article written by the journalist Chilton Tippin on February 17, 2011, discussing the situation that many employees are experiencing, when working with organisations, where their moral rights are not met. According to the article, Surprisingly 8 months after the scandal suicides at Foxxcon’s Shenzhen factory in China, apple continues finding events where human rights are violated. For the first instance “Human rights violations”, would be the main ethical issue surrounding the case, “however”, I consider indispensable starting the research by firstly giving a clear definition on ethics and the importance of its application in business. Besides from identifying the problem of the case and knowing who is fighting against whom, an analysis of the stakeholders is going to be completed to understand what does the organisation mean for the stakeholder and vice versa. Next process would be weighing the options and finding the available alternative routes of action, while searching how they might affect the stakeholders, this with the use of ethical theories to support each of my arguments. Seek guidance would be the next process on the decision making model, which consist in identifying rules and norms setting initiatives on the issue. Base...
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