...SMRT Bus Driver Case: More pay but more work? A study of union, management and employees’ relationship and dispute management SMRT Bus Driver Case: More pay but more work? A study of union, management and employees’ relationship and dispute management 1. Negotiating Labour Agreement between Union and Management Both unions and management of organizations have their individual objectives that could be similar or different accordingly to their perspectives. In Singapore, with tripartism, both union and management together with the government would settle their differences through a collective agreement. From the perspective of the management, profitability, growth and effective human resource management are the three main goals. For the unions, besides the management’s goals, they are concern about the welfare of the employees. Some companies believe that it is better off remaining non-union and adopt a hard-bargaining approach towards the unions. However, some eventually accept the philosophy that with both parties cooperating, it will create a win-win situation for both and gain more out of the collaborations. Any interest dispute that was raised by employees or employers could be resolved via two collective bargaining approaches of distributive bargaining or mutual gain bargaining. The distribution bargaining approach creates a win-lose situation while mutual gain bargaining a win-win situation. In order to illustrate how...
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...ltdDabur India - Working Capital and Cost Management Dr. Narender L. Ahuja, Institute for Integrated Learning in Management, New Delhi, India Ms. Sweta Agarwal, Institute for Integrated Learning in Management, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT After running as a family business for over 100 years, when in late 1990s the management of the Dabur was handed over to a team of professional managers, the new management faced a gigantic task of improving performance in several critical areas. In particular, working capital and cost management required urgent attention as the company’s performance in these areas had been far from satisfactory. The then prevailing current ratio of 3.2 and quick ratio of 2.4 were considered too high and indicative of heavy unnecessary investments in working capital that would have a negative effect on company’s profitability. Efforts to improve the working capital efficiency were met with stiff resistance from various quarters, but finally yielded results. The case study discusses the measures taken to improve the working capital and cost management performance, and how with concerted efforts the management turned around a highly inefficient working capital management into one of the most efficient in the FMCG sector of Indian Industry. In fact, the company seemed to have taken the matter to the other extreme of negative working capital, with the current ratio declining to 0.8 and the quick ratio to just 0.4 in 2004-05. In 2005-06 as the company was ready...
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...12: Inventory planning and... Study guide | This chapter is relatively unusual in so much as it takes more of a quantitative approach to its topic. While not avoiding quantitative models where they are appropriate, the general approach of this book is to deal with operations management from a ‘general management’ point of view. Here we include some quantitative models of how inventory is managed mainly to demonstrate that some parts of the inventory decision can be quantified. In practice, most of these decision models will be embedded within an operation’s routine stock control computer system. However, whilst working through them remember that it is the underlying principles behind the models which are more important than the mathematics on which the models are based.Your learning objectivesThis is what you should be able to do after reading Chapter 12 and working through this study guide. * Understand what is meant by an inventory and why they exist. * Identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of keeping inventory in an operation. * Understand the basic principles behind the quantitative approaches to deciding how much inventory to keep. * Be able to describe the limitations of traditional quantitative models of inventory decision making. * Identify the two main approaches to managing inventory on an on-going basis.What do we mean by inventory?The chapter discusses inventory (we use the word interchangeably with the word ‘stock’) predominantly as accumulations...
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...Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the answers to the specific problems earlier raised in the study. Problem 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their: 1.1. Age 1.2. Sex 1.3. Year Level 1.4. Social Economic Status 1.5. Honors and Awards Received 1.6. Study Habit 1.1. Profile of the Respondents as to Age The frequency distribution and percentages of the respondents age, gender, year level; and honors and awards received are shown in Table 2. As presented in the table, it showed that there are 173 respondents for ages 11-13 with 44.25%, while 192 respondents for 14-16 with 49.10% and for 17 and above, there were 26 respondents equivalent to 6.67%. Out of 391 respondents, an age 14-16 has the largest frequency. For the gender category, there was 183 males with 46.80% while 208 for females which is equivalent to 53.20%. For gender category, female has the largest number of frequency. Of the 391 respondents, there were 97 respondents in grade 7 with 24.81%, for the second year, there were 98 respondents which is equivalent to 25.06%, for the third year, there were 96 respondents and equivalent to 24.55% and 100 respondents with 25.58% for the fourth year. It shows that the fourth year level has the high frequency respondents. For the honors and awards received, there were 28 valedictorian, 24 salutatorian, 52 belong to the TOP 10, 19 who gained awards for sports, 32 academic awardees...
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...goods. Obamas seems to have this same opinion; he also believes that division between the democrat and republican parties has blocked the progression of a failing economy. Marx and Obama have similar views concerning social-economics, justice, poverty and our society. Shallow thoughts that running the country by the wealthier classes standards should only benefit that particular class. This despicable thinking seems to disturb Karl Marx and President Obama, also produces internal tension, which leads to self-destruction. This broken Government has been proven that to be found true, our last our last 8 years of republicans. President Bush along with his constituents has pushed the economy to the edge of a cliff. Obama’s theory is that the working class would govern a socialism society, which would then be a workers democracy. Obama has spoken of history transforming our society, which calls for a combination of both parties participation. Page 2 It appears that both pioneer of history consider both classes of people. Painting a concise picture for all people should be a plan...
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...(Prosser, 2011, p. 289). The penal code was revised in 1990 to incorporate common-law aspects (Prosser, 2011, p. 289). The legal system in Italy is extremely slow, “the average time between indictment and a court judgment is ten years” (Prosser, 2011, p. 289). Italy’s religious breakdown is “Christian 80% (overwhelming Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehova Witnesses and Protestants), Muslims NEGL (about 700,000 but growing), Atheists and Agnostics 20%” (“World Factbook”, 2013). The Italian Institute of Statistics identifies six different categories in Italy’s class system (“Italy – Poverty”, 2013). The classes include bourgeoisie, white collar middle class, urban petit bourgeoisie, rural petit bourgeoisie, urban working class, and the rural working class (“Italy – Poverty”, 2013). ). The median age for Italians is 43.8 years with a population of 61,261,254 (“World Factbook”, 2013). Italy is a republic, the Italian Constitution “provides for an executive branch composed of a Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister” (“Political Climate”, 2013). The Prime Minister is selected by the President, who is elected through the Chamber and Senate (“Political Climate”, 2013). The President serves a seven year term while members of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate serve five years (“Political Climate”, 2013). The median age for Italians is 43.8 years with a population of 61,261,254 (“World Factbook”, 2013). What implications does each have on international business...
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...The Impact of Shift Work on Nurses The Impact of Shift Work on Nurses The purpose of this paper is to discuss nursing shift work and its impact on nursing staff health and family life. The position of the International Council of Nurses is quoted below. It is their position that shift work is detrimental. Position Statement: “The International Council of Nurses (ICN) recognizes that many nursing services must be accessible on a twenty-four basis, making shift work a necessity. At the same time ICN is very concerned that shift work may have a negative impact on an individual’s health, ability to function, immediate support group and the continuity of care, thus affecting the services provided” (ICN, 2007). The impact of shift work on nurses affects productivity at work. Nursing leaders should also encourage work place cultures that respect nurses’ days off and vacation time, promote nurses’ prompt departure and allow nurses to refuse to work overtime without retribution. Traditional eight hour shifts are becoming a thing of the past, twelve hours days and night shift are the norm providing flexibility and a balance family life. Because of unforeseen circumstances such as nurses calling out, change in patients’ condition, short staff on the schedule which was posted two weeks ago, hence the reason twelve hour shift becomes an unplanned longer shift. According to the article in the Journal of Nursing Law, “Compounding the situation nurses work long shifts and often...
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...high extent, thus minimizing the need for costly working capital. In past years, Dell has mainly financed its operations internally and secondly through the issuance of shareholder equity and small amounts of long term debt. Statement of Problem Being more flexible and responsive to market demands, Dell will bring new, superior products to market quicker than its competitors. This has created an expectation for large, double-digit growth in the upcoming year. Dell needs a plan for financing the large potential growth. Recommendations Dell has working capital advantages over its competitors which it should continue to pursue. Dell funded its FY 1996 growth both from internal and external funds. It was wise to seek external funding to support Dell’s healthy growth. If Dell were to grow by 50% in FY 1997, it is recommended to seek external funding for the amount not funded internally. Dell should issue debt and continue to take advantage of its strong internal cash conversion cycle to fund its continued growth. Dell should not reduce its external funding as it will limit its growth. Methods of analysis & Discussion (Q1) Dell’s advantageous working capital policy enabled the corporation to face its current growth. The Just-In-Time inventory system and Sales built to order allowed, reduced the cash conversion cycle and minimized the amount of capital Dell needed to finance its business. Compared to competitors, Dell working capital policy gave Dell the following advantages: ...
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...WOMEN UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND GENDER DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME : MSc DEVELOPMENT STUDIES COURSE : PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPMENT INTAKE : 5 NAME : NOBUKHOSI NCUBE STUDENT ID : W120979 LECTURER : DR E.S MAKURA ASSIGNMENT: Karl Marx theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss. DUE DATE : 06 APRIL 2013. Karl Max’s theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss The epistemology of the Karl Marx theory is of the premise that the history of all existing societies is the history of class struggles. Scholars have had a long standing debate on the significance of Karl Marx’s theory of class conflict. The other party argues that the theory of class conflict helps in the understanding of relations of people in society. In contradiction, there are scholars who believe the theory does not help much in understanding societal relations. This essay seeks to establish how the Karl Marx Theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. In this context society is defined as a group of people in general living together in organized communities with laws and traditions controlling the way that they behave towards one another. Society is divided into three classes namely aristocrats in the upper class, bourgeoisie in the middle and the down liners...
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...USA Motors Will the incentive plan to reduce absenteeism succeed? Explain your opinion. The new incentive plan Jack Parks developed to reduce absenteeism is, “if a chronically absent employee exceeds the standard, then vacation, holiday, and sickness/accident pay would be cut by 10% during the next six months (Strayer University syllabus, P.8). If worker absence continues to exceed the allowable limits, then vacation, holiday, and sickness pay would be cut during the next six months by the actual percentage of absent days incurred by the chronic absentee”. In my opinion, this incentive plan will work. To me, you have some responsible employees and some irresponsible employees. This may work for those that are responsible that will use their time wisely and understands that they are employed to produce for the company and it cannot be done if they are not there. On the other hand, you have those irresponsible employees that take advantage of every chance they get to try to beat the system. So, for them, they will quickly realize that if they continue the excessive absences, they will lose their time, with no one else to blame. This would probably make them more cautious of taking unnecessary time off and maybe understand the effect it has on the company and other employees. How much absenteeism is really under the employee’s control? Based on a Google definition, absenteeism is regularly staying away from work or school without good reason. There are two different...
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...As defined, conflict theory is a Marxist-based social theory which argues that individuals and groups within society have differing amounts of material and nonmaterial resources (the wealthy vs. the poor) and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power. This theory also can be applied to common social situations especially to crimes and other deviant acts or situations. As I’ve read and analyze this theory, I learned that people in different social classes compete for the available resources. For me, through this, people learn to be competitive and fight for their rights and for the things or resources that they need but there is an explanation in this theory that people who are in the upper or in the middle class, which is obviously have their resources, abuse the weaknesses of those people in the lower class or the poor because they know that lower class people need the resources they have which is for me, a negative impact in the term “equality”. And this is the reason why poor people have a big possibility in committing crimes rather than the upper-middle class people. But it depends also because the social justice system is somewhat in favor of the upper-middle class people. They did heavy punishment for the poor or the lower class people when they commit crimes but when the upper-middle class people also commit crimes, most of the time, they didn’t punish them or if they did, the punishment is not that heavy. So as a result...
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...I. Proposed Project Title A Study on the Effect of Chewing Gum on Students’ Working Memory II. Objectives of the Study The study aims to characterize the relationship between chewing of gum and the working memory of students from the College of Engineering. Specifically, the study aims to discern whether chewing gum positively affects working memory capacity whether through visual digits, shapes, or simple math. By determining the results, the study also aims to inform students of a useful tool in focusing on course material. III. Review of Relevant Literature Working memory capacity is a type of memory used daily, and is especially important in education as it measures the potential to learn. Stephens and Tunney (2004a) found that chewing gum improved working memory capacity, specifically digit span and spatial span. Hirano et al. (2008) came to the same conclusion through a different measure of working memory (the n-back task). According to Allen and Smith (2009), further research is needed in order to support this claim. IV. Process Diagram The response variable, working memory capacity, will be measured through a test that measures the ability to recall, in correct order, an increasing sequence of units, such as digits or shapes. Tests of this nature are available for free online, some of which, such as GoCognitive...
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...Working Capital Structure and Financing Pattern of Mauritian SMEs Kesseven Padachi*; C. Howorth[1]; M. S. Narasimhan[2] and R. Durbarry3 *School of Business, Management and Finance University of Technology, Mauritius La Tour Koenig, Pointe – aux – Sables, Mauritius kpadachi@utm.intnet.mu ABSTRACT The competitive nature of the business environment requires firms to adjust their strategies and adopt good financial policies to survive and sustain growth. Most firms have an important amount of cash invested in current assets, as well as substantial amounts of current liabilities as a source of financing. This paper therefore analyses the working capital structure and financing pattern of small to medium-sized Mauritian manufacturing firms, using primarily secondary data. Structural differences in working capital and the financing pattern of the sample firms are analysed and the results showed significant structural changes over the study period. The research finding revealed disproportionate increase in current asset investment in relation to sales resulting in sharp decline in working capital turnover. The analysis also revealed an increasing trend in the short-term component of working capital financing; in particular trade credit and other payables have financed the major part of working capital. This over-concentration on short-term funds is a reality of the SMEs as they often faced difficulties in raising finance and they are viewed to be informationally opaque....
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...Cash Management Abstract The following paper will define cash management and discuss why it is especially critical in the healthcare industry. It is said that cash is the livelihood of any business operation. Any business that has control of the access to cash and generation of cash is most likely to endure and prosper. “Cash management is probably more important in the healthcare industry than in many other industries” (Cleverley, Song & Cleverley). Cash management is defined as” processes and techniques focused on the acceleration of receivables and the cash conversion cycle. Reduction of the cash conversion cycle, along with the related investment of surplus funds, should be a critical objective of financial managers” (Cleverley, Song & Cleverley). Good cash management is the key to a successful business. Cash management is especially crucial in the health care industry for several reasons. Large sums of investment eligible funds pertain to hospitals and other healthcare firms. Hospitals and other healthcare firms experience larger investment management needs than other industries for the following reasons: * Many healthcare firms are voluntary, not-for-profit firms and must set aside funds for replacement of plants and equipment. * Healthcare firms are increasingly beginning to self-insure all or a portion of their professional liability risk. * Many healthcare firms receive gifts and endowments. Although these sums may not be large for individual...
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...from well-off homes don’t do well at school and some children from poor backgrounds succeed, but the overall pattern is clear: social class, defined in terms of socio-economic status, correlates closely with attainment at school.” (Cole, Mike. (2006). Social class and schooling. In: Education, equality and human rights. Taylor and Francis. 202.) This extract shows that social class defines how good or how bad a student will perform in their educational years therefore it can be linked into what Gaine says “Many working class parents will want a wider range of opportunities for their children than to what they have experienced […] many will socialise their children into the world they know” (Gaine, Dr.Chris, George, Ms Rosalyn (30 Nov 1998). Gender, 'Race' and Class in schooling: A new introduction. 3rd ed. l: Taylor and Francis. 35.) Although parents would want their kids to have high aspirations they know that because of the social injustice and because they belong to working class families that’s all they’ll be aspirations. Furthermore such decisions as to what the child receives in terms of education wise and career wise all depends on the students willingness and those that don’t have the determination and for some the ones that come from lower classes it is a constant circle for them of dropping out of education and living on government benefits because they feel out of place when attending schools that are highly populated with middle and higher class...
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