...I. Introduction Hospitality industry is one of the most in-demand industries nowadays. Hospitality management involves the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of human and material resources within the lodging, restaurant, travel and tourism, institutional management, recreational management and meeting and convention planning industries. All of these separate yet related segments of the hospitality industry are interrelated to deliver kind and generous services to guests. This is also one of the oldest businesses in history. People have always gone out to eat sometimes and traveled for work or leisure purposes. The industry is responsible for providing primarily food services and accommodations in places such as hotels, resorts, conference centers and theme or amusement parks. The catering or food service industry, which overlaps with the hospitality industry, primarily provides food services to institutions (such as schools, hospitals, or governmental operations), private industry (such as corporate cafeterias or motion picture studios), and private parties. Many people are enticed to bring up a business that is related to food service industry because of many potential markets that are all around the globe. However, to bring up a good food related business, one must be familiar to feasibility studies. A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying potential problems and attempts to answer one main question: Will the...
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...such as reinforcing cultural norms. The problem with this was there was no base to it; not religion or society. All it contained was the cultural background: Eastern, Western, African, and so on but culture is not that simple to show in a commercial. The study of Cross- Culture is explained “…the critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology.” (Shiraevv & Levy 2010, pg. 2) With most definitions this can be seen as non-specific and vague. Cross- Cultural psychology is concern is in the comparison of two or more cultures by critical evaluation on a psychological view- point. The comparison can include the connection between social norms and behavior, how human activity may be influences by culture, and interrelated effects of socio- cultural forces. Cultural psychology is focused on locating the connection between individuals and their unique culture. Instead of evaluating the similarities between different cultures, cultural psychology strives to illustrate the psychological exchange that comes to play with the people and their individual culture. The perception of cultural psychology is simple; human behaviors cannot be removed...
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...employees who have a high level of leading ability. It is very crucial to choose leaderships because the corporations’ cultures, productivity, effectiveness and loyalty of employees are all rely on the leader and his leadership. There are two leadership theories that are transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Most of researches have discussed the definitions, factors, and frameworks of these theories, however, as for the contrasting evaluation of transformational leadership, it has been neglected. Therefore, this paper will briefly explain both transactional leadership and transformational leadership, and then report the negative side of transformational leadership. Moreover, how transformational leadership applies to the hospitality industry will be discussed as well. 1. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership From Northhouse (2015), transactional leadership is a traditional leadership style that concerns about the exchanges between leaders and followers. Bass (1985) states that transactional leadership primarily focuses on the exchange process and those exchanges have an impact on followers’ performance (as cited in Rothfelder, Ottenbacher &Harrington, 2013). It means that there is a transaction between the leaders and followers. It is premised by the compliance of followers, however, once followers have no positive motivation, transactional leadership cannot make big progress for the organization. There are two factors, which are used to...
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...Fundamental Business Studies for Hospitality Lecture 8 Roles & Functions of Management Department of Hotel, Service & Tourism Studies Learning Objectives On completion of this lecture, students are expected to be able to: • Identify the importance of management • Describe the connection between management levels and skills • Explain the functions of management What is Management? Management • The process of planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, leading, controlling and decision making in order to achieve organizational objectives • Effective and Efficient management can ensure the organizational objectives can be achieved • Management is controlling company’s resources to achieve the goal Management Levels • Management can be classified into different levels according to the responsibilities of the managers • Top management, Middle management & firstline management • In small to medium-sized organization, top and middle management may be integrated into only one level Management Levels (cont) Comparison of top, middle & first-line management Top Number Duties Few Middle Medium First -line Many Monitor frontline operations Make long-term Implement planning, policies, organizational communicate objectives Whole organization CEO, GM Own department Division manager Scope Examples Own unit Supervisors Foremen Management Skills • Skill is the ability to accomplish a specific task • Manager should posses three skills Technical...
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...abundance of studies that show how tourism greatly impacts environmental sustainability in various ways. The purpose of this report is to explore and analyze the activities that occur in the tourism industry as a whole, which cause a negative impact on the environment. Tourism and the environment are interrelated in a complex way, with many variables. This report will address three main issues. This first issue is how the tourism industry faces a conflict of interest between investors wanting short-term return on investment and environmentally sustainable management. Second, environmental issues are often times limited to only natural environment, with a major focus on pollution, global climate change, resources consumption, and habitat/ecosystems. These issues remain very important, however, in order for effective environmentally sustainable management to take place, a broader topic of sustainability must be covered which includes dimensions of economics, equity and environment. This report will explain how ecotourism aims to address these issues. The third issue is “greenwashing.” A lack of standardization in ecotourism allows for some companies to deceive customers into thinking they have implement environmentally sustainable practices, when in reality they are simply taking advantage of the rising popularity of ecotourism to boost revenues. This paper will explore what has been done so far to address sustainability issues and what practices tourism operators need to adopt to become...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis management...
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...increasingly more interrelated (SOURCE). Therefore most business’s around the world including the hospitality and tourism industry need to enter into a cross-cultural alliance to become more effective due to globalisation having a significant impact on the personal characteristic in the workforce because of the increasing cultural diversity (Lloyd and Hartel, 2010). Ferraro (2005) argues that globalisation is not just a passing trend but has submerged acting as a replacement for the cold war system. Therefore this reflective portfolio aims to explore some of the theories surrounding cross-cultural behaviour in order to relate and understand the behaviours of the cultures in respectively Denmark and the US. However in order to do so, a definition of the meaning culture will be primarily discussed and what stereotypes Denmark and the US the authors carries toward both countries. Through the analysis and the information gathered from the theories, potential opportunities and difficulties will be identified between the two countries cultural diversity in relation to motivation, teams, communication channels and conflict and dispute resolution. Lastly, the essay will evaluate to author’s personal development and learning in the context of her own cross-cultural behaviour and understanding by comparing her stereotyping to the findings identified above, and to which areas she still needs to develop, into becoming an effective leader of today’s global society and hospitality industry. 1...
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...STRATEGIC MARKETING FOR HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM (HTM 705) Review question chapter 4 & 5 Zeiti binti Muhamud@tan Review question chapter 4 : strategic customer relationship management Question 3. What is involved in estimating customer lifetime value (CLV) ? Customer lifetime value is used to indicate the potential achievement of a business in the future. It is used to examine and analysis customer purchase behaviour which is from before, during and past purchase of the product or service offered. It is a tools that helps business able to predict the future spending that will be made. This CLV also estimate the lifetime of the relationship between customer and the business. The customer feedback about the service and product offered also show level of thier interest to continue or discontinue purchase in the future. The business can take precaution and implement strategy to retain the customer to achieve long term purchase or repetitive purchase intention. To estimate the lifetime value, the business can analyze the pattern of customer purchase on thier product. This consist of several factor such as amount of purchase made. The higher amount of purchase show that the customer is satisfied and enjoy the service or product of the business, and the decrease of amount purchase made show that the business must take action to overcome from losing customer. Next factor that involve in estimating customer lifetime value is frequency of customer purchase of product...
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...ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED BY ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA (Matric. No: RUN06-07/925) IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. SC) DEGREE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT AND TOURISM STUDIES, COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY, OGUN STATE. MAY 2010 CERTIFICATION I certify that this research project titled ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) .................................................................................................. Was conducted and written by ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA Run06-07/925 ........................................................ ........................ Name Matric No Under my supervision In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of (B. SC) TOURISM MANAGEMENT ............................................................. In the College of Management Sciences Redeemer’s University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria Mrs. A.O. Idowu Dr. (Mrs.) B.O. Adeleke _______________________ ____________________ Name, Signature and Date ...
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...Tourism management fundamentals 1. 1. TOURISM – PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Unit I: Introduction to Travel and Tourism 2. 2. The word Travel derived from the French word ‘Travail’ All Tourism involves Travel; but not all Travel involves Tourism 3. 3. • Tourism is part of LEISURE. • In modern times Tourism is only a recreational activity is a MISCONCEPTION because participating in meetings, seminars conferences, trade fairs, etc are also a tourism activity. 4. 4. Tourists • The tourist market is divided into: 1. The leisure tourist 2. The business tourist 5. 5. Visitors • A visitor is any person visiting a country other than that in which he/she has his/her usual place of residence, for any other reason than following an occupation from within the country visited – Visitors may be further categorised as excursionist and tourists 6. 6. Excursionist • A day visitor who stays for less than 24 hours at a place. There is no overnight stay 7. 7. Tourist • A tourist is a temporary visitor to a place. They stay at least for 24 hours 8. 8. TOURISM • One of the first attempts at defining tourism was that of Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berne University in 1942. They held that tourism should be defined s – ‘the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity’. 9. 9. UNWTO definition • Tourism comprises the...
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...Curriculum In Quality Education By : Rohmat Muflikhul Huda 1. Introduction In education we are never separated from the curriculum. The basis for the creation of curriculum educational settings. The curriculum is said to be successful if the trip went smoothly, and can be said to be in accordance with the plan. However, the curriculum is said to fail when encountering many obstacles along the way that makes the pace of the curriculum itself becomes obstructed. There are at least 4 times a change of curriculum in Indonesia, that began 94 years, from 1994 to the enactment of curriculum, until now is curriculum 2013. I chose this topic, because of the many debates every time to discuss curriculum that affect the level or quality of education itself. Basically, the quality of education itself is not only influenced by the course curriculum, but the way teachers teach and also the effectiveness of the learning process also greatly affect the quality of education. That which will be discussed later in this article, so it is not just the curriculum that will be discussed in this article, but the effectiveness, a great system in education, and also a good way of how the education will also be discussed in this article. 2. Discussion Background Research Education is very important in the lives of individuals around the world. It is also generally recognized that education is a key element in the socio – economic nation building. Each level has its own...
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...Foundations of Hotel Mgmt Hotels meets fulfills a wide variety of roles in our society today. For those travelling and vacationers, a hotel is always a home away from home. In the modern world, the manner in which people spend their leisure and vacations has drastically changed (Stutts & Wortman 2006). People always want to utilize their time exploring various tourist destinations in the world. As such, the tourism industry has witnessed an unprecedented growth which in a roundabout way has resulted in tremendous growth in the accommodation and hotel facilities. In this regard, Hotels play a very imperative role in the lodging industry which cannot be underestimated. According to the statistics and facts on the hotel industry by Stutts & Wortman (2006), the global hotel industry was predicted to generate 550 billion U.S dollars in revenue by the year 2016. This critically demonstrates the significant contribution of the lodging industry and the hotels into the GDP of a given country and the globe at large. By definition, lodging industry refers to a group of companies that come up with own, manage and, or operate lodging facilities (Scanlon 2007). Lodging facilities include the motels and hotels which are full serviced. On the other hand, a hotel refers to an establishment that do provide accommodation and catering services to tourists personnel as well as to the local residents in the particular area in which the hotel is located. According Scanlon (2007)...
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...HILTON WORLDWIDE Hilton Worldwide (Hilton) is a leading global hospitality company which was established in the year 1919 by its founder Conrad Hilton. Since then the company has expanded geographically, produced original hotel and travel concepts, and developed innovative technologies to enhance the guest experience. Their 93-year history as pioneers in the industry makes them the number one venue for travelers, developers, partners, and team members alike. The company was until recently known as Hilton Hotels Corporation. The new Hilton Worldwide is now owned by the private equity firm "The Blackstone Group". The name Hilton Worldwide signifies the company’s global breadth and reach. Hilton Worldwide retains a chain of hotels from luxurious full-service hotels and resorts to extended stay suites and mid-priced hotels. This means that Hilton Worldwide is mainly focused on the lodging sector. One of the world's largest hoteliers is operated by Hilton. This includes a lodging empire of over 3,900 hotels and resorts in almost 91 countries. The company provides services that include lodging rooms, health and fitness facilities, and meeting facilities, dining options, swimming pools, exercise facilities, laundry facilities and spa treatments. Hilton operates and maintains a trusted portfolio of brands such as, Waldorf Astoria, Conrad, Doubletree, Embassy Suites, Hilton Garden Inn, Hampton Inn & Suites, and Homewood Suites etc. Additionally, the company also operates...
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