What is human geography ?
Nature of place
Meanings
Assumptions and expectations
Disciple and power relations

Developing
Location.. whats here why is it here
Region (imaginary- formal, function and perceptual)
Place
Landscape

2.1 What is globalization
2.2 what are the connections between globalization and geographical ?
2.3 why do some people or groups oppose globalization

Political geography
3.1 spiritual organization-states nations
3.2 the modern nation-state
3.4 Geopolitics and critical geopolitics.
3.5 supranational organizations and the future of the state

Understanding the current world map

POLITICAL GEORAPHY study the effect of political actions on humans geography. spatial analysis of political phenomenon moving around people are going around.
Ex china going to Afghanistan for resources
The study of states- their groupings and global relations.
France cannot stand the US.. their relationship is lost
Territory, sovereignty, and boundaries

TERRITORITALITY a country’s or local community’s sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended (text pg 53) it’s a space of something its our natural action to protect or control our territory.. and meaning of territory.

Must all the land be owned?
Ex even when we went to the moon we had to plant a flag and say it was ours

SOVEREIGNTYexclusive control over territory a principle of international relations(all the states agree) that holds that the final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with legitimate rulers of independent states (pg 53) that’s how recognition is created one nation recognizes that another nation has sovereignty of a specific area.

BOUNDRIES
Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below (called the subsoil), and the airspace above the surface, divinding one state territory from another (textpg 54) 3.6

If you going to have territory your going to be soveren over it. Draw boundries.

Wall between Arizona USA and mexico

3.1 HOW IS SPACE ORGANIZED INTO STATES AND NATIONS what is a state? you need a gov that has some soveren control, and must be recognized as a state. If you rnot recognized their will be no business made internationally or among the nation its self

what is a nation .. its an idea collective group of individual bound by sence of solidarity. (were Canadian) a community of people whose members are bound together by a sense of solidarity rooted in a historic attachment to a homeland and a common culture, and by a sense of

-Historical ideas
-Religious idea
-Imaginary idea.

nation-state vry few are nations states. Canada could defines as three different nations in Canada(Quebecois, first nations, and the rest of us who are actually Canadian)

NATIONALISM
Ideological movement, certain political goals to accomplish something. Celebration of identity (they come out I positive ways ex Olympics) Complicated to build recognized as a white and Christian nation. CREATING NATIONALISM (tims, Canada day, sense that we are all united) specific symbols that represent Canada

multinational statestate with more than one nation borders.
Multistate nationa nation that stretches across borders and across states e.g(transyvlakvania) stateless nation a nation that does not have a state (text 65) e.g plastine.

CURRENT WORLD ORDER 1.) Imperialism countries have some kind of influence over another country. 2.) Colonialism its where they actually show up, you maintain political and legal domination.(pg66)
The better structure of a colonialism country the better.
Africa they understand ethnic back ground

COMPETING VIEWS Margaret fatcher he would argue that it is a good thing that it fostered economic globalization, promoted social advancement. Basically saying that that countries have the benefit of being in the modern world.

and negative consequences for being colonized, they have a dependency and systematic exploitation. The argument that your economy is distorted

EFFECTS OF DECOLONIZATION independence =the end of domination? ongoing colonial ‘hangover’ economic\social structures controlled abroad remain under some form of neo-colonial control?

3.4 How DO GEOPOLITICS AND CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS HELP US UNDERSTAND THE WORLD? critical geo politicsfredrick ratzel
(1844-1904)
German chemist and biologist
Social Darwinism
Influential in German state politics (WW1 WW11) contemporary idea

RATZEL BELIEVES IN: what he means about geo politics and what the state has the right to do. has a right to expand for sufficient living space (its natural for a state to expand) states grows by absorbing smaller units states territory grows as its population grown states try to absorb politically valuable territory states develop from primitive to civilized –natural

HALFORD MACKINDER pg 76
The heartland theory
CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS
Post 1970s examine secial assumptions and ideas examming state craft policy formation
SUPERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1)globalization
2)new players
-international organizations (UN, IMF, World bank)
-Regional supernational organizations (EU)
3)whats next? Whos going to control the words resouces, coal uranium oil
-geo –economics-china (Canadian trade east)
-US or NA
-UN what role?