...Introduction to Criminal Justice Gina Hypolite CJA/204 September 8, 2014 John Seale Introduction to Criminal Justice Upon my research I have found that most of the United States has prisons and are operated by both the federal and state governments. The incarceration is a concurrent power under the Constitution of the United States. Imprisonment is a main form of punishment for a guilty plea or being found guilty of felony offenses. Less serious offenders, including those convicted of misdemeanor offenses, can or will be sentenced to a short term in a local jail or have an alternative form of sanctions such as community corrections. Examples of these are half way houses, probation, and/or restitution. In the United States, prisons are operated at various levels of security, ranging from minimum-security prisons that mainly house non-violent offenders to Supermax facilities that house well-known criminals and terrorists. The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. There are more people incarcerated in the United States than any other country. As of 2006, a record 7 million people were behind bars, on probation or on parole. Of the total, 2.2 million were incarcerated. Prisoners that are behind bars are in many different types of facilities. These vary by security level, administration of inmates, type of housing, and weapons and tactics used by corrections officers. In California the federal government uses a security number scale...
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...constitutional rights are withheld throughout the court process. Another positive point is that the ideals of the country are more important to uphold than convicting a single criminal. There is also a very rigorous court process to ensure no details of the case are overlooked. Also, this system tries to ensure that evidence is obtained legally in order to be used in a court of law. In addition, due process ensures that all accused persons have legal counsel to prevent abuse by the system. There are also merits to the crime control model. One of them being that it does what the justice system is set up to do which to deter crime through the application of punishment. The system is also more efficient because the entire court process quicker. Also, the main focus of this system is to catch criminals and punish them opposed to treating them. I believe that the criminal control process is a better process. With the due process model we often attempt to give everyone their constitutional rights while guilty people go free. If people knew that the consequences of their actions would result in immediate punishment the crime rate would decrease. With the due process model the court process is long and tedious and criminals often go free due to technicalities. Such as cases when evidence is obtained illegally and the criminal is released. In my opinion evidence is evidence no matter how it is obtained and should be used as needed in the case to convict and punish the guilty party. With the...
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...In this paper I will discuss William Muir four styles of policing, which are Professionals, Enforcers, Reciprocators, and Avoiders. I will define them by their relation to passion and perspective, and give examples of them. The Professionals style of policing is when the officers have the necessary passion and perspective to be valuable police officers. An officer that uses this style of policing is able to use force or recognize that force is a legitimate means of resolving conflict; while also understanding human suffering and to use force ethically and morally. The officer using this style will make the arrest when he sees that there is no other way to handle the situation at hand. The officer also just don’t try to make an arrest on every occasion, he or she understands human suffering and will use force only when necessary. If force is not necessary he or she will probably try to counsel the situation to resolve the problem. The Enforcers style of policing is when the officers have passion for the job, for enforcing law, for taking decisive action; their inner drive or value system allows them to be comfortable using force to solve problems. This style of policing is very hard on an individual that commits crime no matter what the degree of the crime is. The officer takes the job very serious, and has no problem using force. It may seem like this is a very harsh style of policing, but it may be contributing to the lower crime rates. The Reciprocators...
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...Introduction to Criminal Justice United States Army Criminal Investigation Command The Criminal Investigation Division, also known as the CID, is a separate command within the United States Army that investigates felony crimes and serious violations of military law. The agency was formed in September of 1971. The CID is comprised of nearly 2,000 employees with a headquarters located at Marine Corps Base, Quantico, Virginia. This organization is considered a federal agency and exercises jurisdiction over military personnel who are suspected offenders of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, as well as civilian personnel when probable cause leads the agency to believe the person committed a serious offense under United States Code with a nexus to the U.S. Army. The CID investigates allegations within the United States Army. The command does not charge individuals with crimes. Official findings of each investigation are given to the appropriate command and/or legal authority for disposition and adjudication. Exclusive jurisdiction belongs to the CID in the investigation of all felony level crimes except for national security crimes such as treason or espionage. The United States Army Conterintelligence agency has jurisprudence over the investigation of national security crimes. There are six CID commands, 3rd MP Group, 6th MP Group, 202nd MP Group, 701st MP Group, US Army Criminal Investigation, Laboratory and US Army Crime Records Center. The organization has fewer...
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...P1: What happened in the role play? Intro: I am going to be explaining about what happened in the role play? We had a role play, where there was a case about Jackie Jones who was accused of dangerously driving contrary to Section 2 of the Road Traffic Act. The classroom was arranged into a Crown Court. There was one judge, one witness, one clerk, couple of students were members of the jury and some were members of the other juries, there were one usher, there were two lawyers, one lawyer was a defendant lawyer while the other lawyer was the prosecution lawyer, there were press and public watching finally there was a defendant who was the criminal. In this role I was actively a criminal and this is what I fulfilled. When the classroom was organised into a Crown Court, I took my seat and sat at the back of the court room as was instructed by the usher. I kept completely silent for the time being, until it was my turn to go to the witness box and give my statement. The minute the usher stood up and removed me from my seat and took me over to the witness box, this is the exact statement I gave. Statement I gave while I was inside the witness box: “I took delivery of my new Mazda sports car, from the garage Brookside Mazda and I was driving alongside Hillside Road. I live at 32 Able Close and I got stuck in the usual traffic jam. I am very familiar with the road as I drive it every day If I get stuck in traffic when I get close to my turning I have a habit of ...
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...that allow me to qualify for this scholarship. Currently, I am attending Mott Community College as a dual-enrollment student. I plan to finish my two-year there and transfer to a university for the rest of my education. Also, my mother is completely supportive of my decisions for my future and she has been my inspiration to continue pursuing the careers I have chosen to go to college for. My current schedule at Mott Community College consists of two classes per semester through dual-enrollment. The school pays for the costs of each class, but I am responsible to pay for the books needed for my classes. I have completed and passed Intro to Business and Intro to Law Enforcement. This semester, I am currently enrolled in Business Law and Human Relations Skills. I am in the process of deciding my career path in the Criminal Justice field and the Criminal Psychology field. After I receive my associates degree from Mott Community College, I plan to take my credits and transfer them to either Central Michigan University or Saginaw Valley...
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...assignment October 27, 2011 CJA/204 In the following paragraphs choice theories will be described as well as how they specifically relate to crime. Common models on how society determines which acts are or are not criminal in nature and how they impact choice theories directly will also be made known in this paper. The first topic at hand is choice theories. What are choice theories? According to Wikipedia (2011) “the term choice theory is the work of William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Abraham Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love, Power/significance/competence, Freedom/autonomy, and, Fun/learning” So in short it is safe to say that choice theories would be perspectives on crime causes states that criminal activities are the after thoughts of a conscious decision or choice. Choice theory is also known as rational choice theory. Rational choice theory is when a criminal feels the need to defy the law even though they know the consequences do not outweigh the benefit of doing so. Choice theory states that there is a central behavior to our existence and this is driven by five needs....
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...9-26-14 Intro to Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Paper 1 The brothel boy is an excellent example of the crime control model of justice. The crime control model tries to promote freedom by repressing the criminals, with an emphasis on efficiency and speed to put away a high proportion of offenders. In contrast, the due process model promotes freedom by making certain that decisions are based on reliable information, with a strong emphasis on the rights of defendants and a formal decision making process. If you have read the Brothel Boy it is fairly clear that the model of justice the townspeople adhere to is that of crime control. It didn’t seem like anyone in the story, besides maybe the doctor and the main character, really cared about the rights of the brothel boy, they wanted a speedy decision that punished an offender for the benefit of their society and to be sure he wouldn’t have the chance to do something like this again. Mala in se and mala prohibita are two ways to categorize a criminal act. Mala in se is an act that is wrong in its very nature. While mala prohibita is something that is deemed illegal but is not wrong in itself. An example of mala in se would be something like murder, while mala prohibita might be something like jaywalking. When it comes to the Brothel Boy’s offense I think his crime would fall safely into the category of mala in se. Regardless of intent his crime is deemed to be an act that if there was no law against...
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...Unit 3 Alternate Assignment Brittany Clark Intro to Constitutional Law April 13, 2014 Unit 3 Alternate Assignment There are many different laws and rules that officers of the court and police officers have to follow so that people are not mistreated and that evidence in a court room is able to be used instead of being thrown out. “The Exclusionary Rule prevents the government from using most evidence gathered in violation of the United States Constitution” (Exclusionary Rule, n.d.). If the exclusionary rule wasn’t in place, officers could admit anything into evidence and could search houses without a warrant which isn’t fair to potential offenders. The exclusionary rule has a right to be used in a court room and in the criminal justice system. Potential criminals are people and have rights too and if those rights are violated by officers who feel they can take evidence without a warrant or without it being in plain view, and then they have the right to have that evidence thrown out of court. It is up to our public officials in the criminal justice system to uphold the law and do things the right way rather than bending the rules and letting potential criminal back on the streets to commit more crimes. If there were a case that had the crucial piece of evidence, such as a murder weapon, that was gained illegally, then it should be thrown out. That is what the law states. My opinion is this way because it is a violation of the 4th Amendment if this evidence...
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...ESSAY GUIDELINES FOR INTRO TO ADMIN * 100 POINTS * YOUR OWN NOT A GROUP WORK * REASERCH NOW * DON’T PROCRASTINATE * ESSAY IS DUE NOVEMBER 12, 2015 * USE ENGLISH TUTORS * TITTLE STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES * TOPICS: ANALYZE AND EVALUATE THE CURRENT LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE US FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE DESCRIVE THE 3 COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTINCE SYSTEM: EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICE, COUTS, AND CORRECTIONS CHARECTERIZE THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF CRIME AND ITS EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY * Crimes: * Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification of exercise. Individual Rights: * The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US * Constitution * Especially those found in the first ten amendments US Patriot Act: * A federal law * Enacted in response to 9/11 * The law officially titled UNITING AND STRENGHTHENING AMERICA by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism act Individual Rights Advocate: One who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice Public Order Advocate * One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety. The interests of society should take precedence over individual rights Civil Justice: * The civil...
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...John Hickey July 8, 2011 Intro to Criminal Justice The Case of Casey Antony On June 16th 2008, Casey Anthony left her family home with her two-year-old daughter Caylee and did not return for 31 days. When asked by her parents where her daughter was she would lie to them by telling them she was with a nanny who does not exist in their life. One of the first clues that showed that something was off was when Casey’s mother picked up her daughters car from a tow station and it smelled as if a dead corpse had been in the trunk for quite some time. Shortly afterwards, Casey’s parents had reported Caylee missing. In December, everyone’s biggest nightmare ensued when the skeletal remains of Caylee were found in a wooded area not far from Caseys house. All signs pointed to Casey committing this heinous murder. She was very uncooperative with police officers and often lied to them on several occasions. Testing of the trunk showed chemical compounds "consistent with a decompositional event" It was also proven that on Casey’s home computer their were searching’s of "neck breaking", "how to make chloroform", and "death". Another key piece of evidence shows that the same exact type of laundry bag, plastic bags, and duct tape that were found at the crime scene were found in the house where Casey and Caylee lived. Also, Casey’s diary depicted her true feelings of these events, “I have no regrets, just a bit worried. I just want for everything to work out OK. I completely trust...
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...The Life of a US Custom Agent Luis Rey Intro to Criminal Justice CJ100 Jorge Martinez The United States of America is neighbored by two countries— Canada and Mexico. There are agencies that protect our borders from crime, agricultural diseases, and any other illegal activity. Customs and Border Protection, ICE, ICE-HSI, and various other departments handle these cases. It may seem to some that these agents don’t get to do as much as other law enforcement agencies. The truth is people don’t know custom agents are an integral part of our day to day lives as U.S. citizens. For this reason, I had the pleasure to interview agent John Smith, a CBP agent stationed in El Paso, Texas. Smith has been an agent for roughly 6 years now, and while Smith isn’t a servant of the El Paso Police Department, he said that as an agent, he still has to follow criminal laws. Every individual is different. Therefore, we have to follow proper procedures and laws. He also added that using such laws allows them to maintain order, such as avoiding terrorism, contraband, illegal immigrants, documents, drugs, and gangs. Being an agent also means that sometimes, they too get to catch a suspect trying to re-enter the U.S., or trying to leave the country. When asked if he had ever had to deal with a violent crime such as rape, murder, robbery, or an aggravated assault, Smith said “he once caught someone with a record”. Smith said “I scanned the suspect’s I...
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...THE STRUCTURE OF THE AMERICAN JUDICIARY I. Intro --Court organization CAN become the focus of political battles. --e.g. There are 12 circuit courts (federal courts of appeals). The 9th circuit is the largest as it includes 9 states and two territories. It stretches from Alaska to Arizona and from Montana to Hawaii and then to Guam. -- 28 full time judges and several more retired judges who help out part time. --Hears over 5000 cases a year. -In 1990 the U.S. Senate considered a bill to split the 9th circuit into 2 circuits. California, Arizona and Nevada would make up one circuit while the other states and territories would make up a second circuit. -to some this division made sense since the circuit was considered too large to handle business efficiently. However, this seemingly routine matter of administration met intense opposition. --The bill was sponsored by Senators from the northwestern states and was opposed by senators from California. Interest groups were also involved: The Sierra Club and other environmental groups argued fiercely against the proposal. --Why would the division of a judicial circuit into two parts stir up such political controversy? -->The 9th Circuit had a majority of judges from California which gave broad interpretations to environmental protection laws. --People from the Northwest saw these decisions as damaging to their timber industries. --So splitting the circuit would prevent California judges from ruling on environmental...
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...Misdemeanor Crimes Jeffry A. Tatsch Ogeechee Technical College Intro to Criminal Justice / CRJU 1010 September 7, 2012 Thomas Safrin Misdemeanors Misdemeanors are offenses less serious than felonies and usually punishable by incarceration of no more than one year, probation, or intermediate sanctions. Approximately ninety percent of all criminal cases fall into the category of misdemeanors. These include public drunkenness, shoplifting, prostitution, disturbing the peace and traffic violations. The lower courts where speed is essential handle misdemeanors, also known as the “garbage of the system”. Defendants are encouraged to plead guilty quickly, thus trials are rare, processes are informal and fines, probation or short jail sentences are the results. Similarities and Dissimilarities of Misdemeanors There is no universal rule among the states to determine what constitutes a misdemeanor and what constitutes a felony. Generally, crimes that are punishable by incarceration of one year or less are misdemeanors, and crimes punishable by incarceration of more than one year are felonies. Beyond the maximum period of incarceration, whether a crime is a felony or a misdemeanor is significant because it will have a bearing on criminal procedures and constitutional rights. The office of Williamson County, state of Texas is responsible for the prosecution of all misdemeanor cases that are filed in Williamson County. “Misdemeanor” is defined in the law as any crime...
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...INTRO: Twelve Angry Men, Reginald Rose’s remarkable 1954 play, portrays the trial of the accused, a 16 year old boy from the slums of New York, who will face death as a result of a guilty verdict. Consequently, twelve jurors attempt coming to a unanimous decision. Although justice is ultimately secured, prejudice is an evident theme in the play. Twelve Angry Men explores personal prejudice in the justice system by revealing how preconception overwhelms the juror’s ability to see reason, by the jurors presenting opinions rather than evidence and by demonstrating stereotypical qualities which threatens to derail the process. PARA 1: Preconception overwhelms the juror’s ability to see reason. The defendant was at a serious disadvantage and was a victim of prejudice even before the court case. The majority of the jurors were ready to convict the accused, not purely due to the arguments presented by the prosecution but due to the 16 year old being a member of a low societal ranking. Many of the men enter the jury room with preconceived opinions and irrational ideas. For example, the 3rd Juror is against the accused due to an unhealthy relationship with his own son. This is demonstrated when he exclaims ‘I know him. What they’re like. What they do to you. How they kill you every day.’ Therefore the 3rd juror fails provide his arguments to the rest of the jury because his decision is based on emotions. Rose demonstrated the importance of keeping an open-mind rather than of holding...
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