...1) The definition of scarcity is that it “means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have.” Scarcity forces individuals and governments to make trade-offs between one good thing and another because it is impossible to obtain all goods that are seen as desirable, and because of the fact that scarcity exists, products and services with equal scarcity are exchanged. 2) This statement is valid given the very meaning of scarce resources is that there is a limited amount. One example is the “guns and butter” trade off, which means that society can use their funds on guns (national defense) to protect itself, but then there will be less of the scarce financial resources to spend on butter (consumer goods). Another example is the trade-off between protect the environment and having a high level of income. Laws which regulate pollution increase the cost of manufacturing goods and services thus leading to a chain reaction resulting in higher costs of goods, lower wages and smaller profits. 3) This statement is false because there are always trade-offs, even when services cost no money, there are still negative repercussions for such actions. If the government used all of its funding for goods like health care and education, there would be no more resources remaining for other projects. Additionally, if the government provided these goods for free, there would no longer be incentive to work hard to pay for them...
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...Introduction to Microeconomics and Opportunity Cost 1. What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics? The key difference between micro-economics and macro-economics is that micro-economics is concerned with the individual, group or company level; whereas macro-economics is concerned with the study of economics on a national as well as holistic scale. Therefore micro-economics specifically focusses on issues that affect individuals and associated company/enterprise 2. What is the ceteris paribus assumption? Why is it used in economics? Ceteris paribus is It is often safe to assume that “Ceteris Paribus” concerns itself with the notion that all other variables, except those under immediate consideration are ‘held at a constant’ A Latin phrase meaning “all other things remaining constant” In economics, this phrase is used and referred because in the real world – it is difficult to isolate all the different variables that may influence or change the outcome of what one is researching and how an individual makes a decision as a result. In economics, this phrase is used to rule out the possibility of other factors changing, which may as a result have impact on the overall outcome of individuals 3. What is the difference between positive and normative statements in economics? Provide an example of each Positive Economics is based on “objectives” and “facts” whereas Normative Economics is “subjective” and “value” based. It is considered that Positive...
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...their home Faculty. III. Requirements for Major Programmes Students are required to complete 60 credits of prescribed courses for each major as follows: (A) Majors offered by the School of Economics and Finance 1. Major in Economics (60 credits) Course code Course Credits Year 1 courses: 12 credits ECON1001 Introduction to economics I 6 ECON1002 Introduction to economics II 6 Year 2 and Year 3 courses: 48 credits ECON2101 Microeconomic theory or 6 ECON2113 Microeconomic analysis 6 ECON2102 Macroeconomic theory or Macroeconomic analysis ECON2114 ECONxxxx/ Year two/Year three courses listed in Economics 36 FINAxxxx or Finance electives Total: 60 2. Major in Finance (60 credits) Course code Course Year 1 courses: 18 credits BUSI1002 Introduction to accounting ECON1001 Introduction to economics I FINA1003 Corporate finance Year 2 and Year 3 courses: 42 credits ECON2101 Microeconomic theory or ECON2113 Microeconomic analysis FINA0301 Derivatives FINA2802 Investments and portfolio analysis ECONxxxx/ Year two/Year three courses listed in Economics FINAxxxx and Finance electives Total: Credits 6 6 6 6 6 6 24 60 Notes for Major in Finance: BUSI1002 Introduction to accounting can be taken in the...
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...UB18416BBU26251 INTRODUCTION TO MICROECONOMICS A Final Thesis Presented to AIU The Academic Department Of the School of Business and Economics In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Bachelors Degree in Business Administration Atlantic International University (AIU) @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@ INTRODUCTION TO MICROECONOMICS @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ Emmanuel Kasozi Atlantic International University (AIU) – School of Business and Economics August 15, 2012 School work, Micro economics @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Atlantic International University (AIU) CONTENTS 1 1.0. Microeconomics and Business Markets an overview 2.0. Economics is defined 3.0. Opportunity cost 4.0. 3 Production curve 2 5.0. Microeconomics is defined 6.0. Business Markets 7.0. Market 8.0. 8 Assumptions of markets 3 Demand, Supply and market Equilibrium 9.0. 10 Demand 10.0. Factors influencing Demand 11.0. Demand curve 12.0. Ceteris Paribus 4 13.0. Supply 14 14.0. The law of supply 15.0. Supply schedule 16.0. Supply curve 17.0. Factors influencing supply Atlantic International University (AIU) 18.0. Equilibrium 19.0. Reference 21 MICROECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MARKETS ...
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...HOURS E-MAIL 3 17 weeks Finance and Business Economics Division Core Prof. Taimoor Qureshi By Appointment taimoor.qureshi@ucp.edu.pk COURSE DESCRIPTION Principles of Microeconomics is an introductory course that teaches the fundamentals of microeconomics. This course introduces microeconomic concepts and analysis, supply and demand analysis, theories of the firm and individual behavior, competition and monopoly, and welfare economics. Students will also be introduced to the use of microeconomic applications to address problems in current economic policy throughout the semester. COURSE OBJECTIVES After studying this course the students should be able to: Understand the basic concepts of the subject. Understand the application of the tools of demand and supply for efficient resource allocation and profit maximization. Identify core economic issues related to business firms. Comprehend the benefits of market efficiency. GRADING PLAN TYPE Quizzes Assignments Final Projects Midterm examination Final term examination Total PERCENTAGE (%) 10 10 10 30 40 100 CALENDER OF ACTIVITIES WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 CONTENTS TASKS/ACTIVITIES Introduction to Economics • Basic Concepts – I Class Introduction Introduction to Economics • Basic Concepts – II Utility Assignment 1 Due Demand Supply Quiz 1 Markets - I Markets - II Mid-Term Midterm Exam Market Analysis: shares, currency, and...
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...ECONOMY Instructor SATYENDRA TIMILSINA What is Macroeconomics? • It is that branch of economics, which deals economic affairs at large i.e. total or aggregates • Concerns itself with variables such as – – – – Aggregate output of the economy Extent to which its resources are used Size of National Income General Price Level Introduction • Managers have to deal with economic environment at two levels – micro level and macro level • Micro level includes market structure and the strength of competitors. Firm’s decision making is mostly influenced by the activities of its rival forms. The following are some factors that affect firms decision at micro level – Level of competition – Cost of production and – Product differentiation Introduction • Macro level includes the overall system. This is something that the firm assumes to the given. • Decision making of the firm is affected by the macroeconomic environment. • The following macroeconomic factors have a strong effect on firm’s decision making – Overall Demand – Price Level – Rate of interest – Tax policies and – Exchange Rates Introduction • It is important for managers to know the macroeconomics because an unprecedented change in any of these factors can upset the revenue and cost of the firm, affecting the profitability and returns. • The problem can be minimized or managed if managers know the working of an economy and thereby, judge the direction of possible changes in ...
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...Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Introduction of Micro and Macro Economics Microeconomics and macroeconomics are used in order to help economists come to conclusions and the economy of a city, state, and country. Microeconomics is the study of the economic decisions and actions of individual people and companies according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary (Merriam-Webster, 2014). This practice is the study of economics on a small scale where macroeconomics will study the whole system (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Principles and Concepts The simulation provided for an in depth experience into an example of supply and demand in the housing market. GoodLife Management is the only apartment owner in the city of Atlantis, because of this GoodLife has a monopoly in this market. This monopoly allows more control over the pricing structure of the apartment living in Atlantis with little outside influence. Even with a monopoly there are a few things that can enhance or diminish the pricing structure of apartment living. An example given was the current state of the economy which did not provide enough income to fill the housing units with the higher rental rates therefore the rates had to be lowered in order maximize profits. Although the state of the economy as a whole is macroeconomic, the cause forces a microeconomic change in the rental rate (University of Phoenix, 2003). The simulation also creates a supply change by building new apartment complexes, which...
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...Introduction All economic problems arise from scarcity because human wants are unlimited but resources are limited. Economics the science of choice, it is talking about how individuals and societies make a choice from the scarcity. All economic choices can be summarized in three questions: What gets produced? How is it produced? Who gets what is produces? Economists define their work in micro and macro perspective. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are the two major branches of economics. What is Microeconomics? Microeconomics is the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets. So all these problems belong to microeconomics: how the consumer reacts when price changes; how the firms decide the output level and how they decide the production method; how should the firms charge their product prices. Microeconomics also considerate the demand and supply of individual goods and services and the equilibrium occurs when the quantity of demands are equal to the quantity of supplies. A typical example of microeconomics is a mobile phone manufacturer decides to charge what price of their new model of smart phone depends on the demand of the mobile markets. A number of factors would affect the demand of the mobile phone including the price of the product itself, the income of the consumer, the consumer’s amount of accumulated wealth, the price of other competitor’s product, the consumer’s tastes and preferences and the expectations...
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...Unit 1 - Individual Project - Introduction to Macroeconomic Theory Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/unit-1-individual-project-introduction-macroeconomic-theory/ Assignment Details Assignment Description Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be due by Monday and late submissions will be assigned a late penalty in accordance with the late penalty policy found in the syllabus. NOTE: All submission posting times are based on midnight Central Time. In economics, they say a picture is worth a thousand words. Below, you will find two scenarios. Your assignment is to discuss the situation by writing the solutions, and then show the solutions and how you got here in one or more graphs or flowcharts. Scenario One Supply and demand are foundational concepts in understanding economic theory. Whether you are a coffee drinker or not, you have been tasked to examine the impact of supply and demand when dealing with the coffee retail industry. A few companies probably come to mind. Pick a major coffee retailer, and then contemplate what has been happening to both the supply and demand for this product. Next, analyze the following scenario that deals with what happened in the coffee industry at the beginning of the last decade: In the early part of the last decade, there was an overproduction of coffee. The price dropped so low that producers' costs were higher than the market price. The reason this happened was that market prices...
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...Unit 1 - Individual Project - Introduction to Macroeconomic Theory Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/unit-1-individual-project-introduction-macroeconomic-theory/ Assignment Details Assignment Description Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be due by Monday and late submissions will be assigned a late penalty in accordance with the late penalty policy found in the syllabus. NOTE: All submission posting times are based on midnight Central Time. In economics, they say a picture is worth a thousand words. Below, you will find two scenarios. Your assignment is to discuss the situation by writing the solutions, and then show the solutions and how you got here in one or more graphs or flowcharts. Scenario One Supply and demand are foundational concepts in understanding economic theory. Whether you are a coffee drinker or not, you have been tasked to examine the impact of supply and demand when dealing with the coffee retail industry. A few companies probably come to mind. Pick a major coffee retailer, and then contemplate what has been happening to both the supply and demand for this product. Next, analyze the following scenario that deals with what happened in the coffee industry at the beginning of the last decade: In the early part of the last decade, there was an overproduction of coffee. The price dropped so low that producers' costs were higher than the market price. The reason this happened was that market prices...
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...Supply and Demand August 12, 2013 Eco/365 Chris Foster Introduction There were two microeconomics and two macroeconomics concepts in the simulation. Atlantis is a microeconomics apartment company which manage apartment complexes and homes in the city. Atlantis had one shift supply curve and one shift in the demand curve when business started moving into the city. These shifts affected the equilibrium price, quantity, and decision making with the demand needed to supply to consumers. I am applying what I have learned with supply and demand from the simulation to my management job with our rate increases. The concepts of microeconomics helps us understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity. The price elasticity of demand affects consumers purchasing and the firms pricing strategy with supply and demand. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics There were two microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts in the simulation. Atlantis is a rental company that manages the apartment and homes in the low populated city. The microeconomics concept in this simulation with Atlantis is the rental decision to maximize profit with decreasing vacancies. The property management company has consider the supply and demand of the apartments either by lowering the prices to increase rental occupancy or by raising the prices to maximize the cost of the rental inflation in the apartment complex. The macroeconomics...
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...Matching Markets & Auctions Bence Gábor Microeconomics BBCI 2015 (Summer Semester) Instructor: Prof. (FH) Mag. Dr. Ferry Stocker Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Matching Markets 3 Finding the best match 3 Auctions 4 Auction formats: 4 Private values vs Common values: 5 Bidding strategies: 5 Glossary 6 Bibliography 7 Books: 7 Websites: 7 Graphs: 7 Introduction The aim of this report is to introduce matching markets and auctions in microeconomic level. These two might sound unfamiliar to many people, although they appear in our life almost on daily basis, we just do not usually recognize them. Matching Markets Markets can be thought as a prime example of network structured interaction between people (usually sellers and buyers) who interact with each other. A few of the basic examples of matchmaking from everyday life are marriage, applicants and colleges, students and dormitory rooms, students and universities, doctors and hospitals, and so on. Of course normally there are some constrains, otherwise there would be no need for any kind of market. For instance an organ donor’s blood type must be compatible with the patient’s, or a student has some expectations toward the available dormitories. Finding the best match The procedure of finding the best match is relatively easy when only one side of the market has preferences over its matches, like in the mentioned student-dorm example. In that case each student apply...
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...the Global Manager 13 November 2010 Introduction In economics, there are many things which take places. They include performance, organization, activities and decision making. Economics, like many other subjects in life, can be studied at different levels. These things can be conducted at individual level, or at a common level. What we mean by individual level is they may be by individual company, firm or an entity business person. The way the different entities behave may differ due to their different demands and supply. What we mean by decision made at a common level is that it looks at the entire activities and behavior of the entire economy. This may be at national level, regional level or even global level. Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics Economics is primarily split into two major sections, this are the macroeconomics and the microeconomics. The two are so much connected. Adjustment in one affects the other. Both of them work together in the world of economy. The macroeconomics can be considered to be the summation of microeconomics. However there exists a difference in the two. We shall be discussing on the distinction between the two in the subsequent few paragraphs. To begin with, the naming denotes that there is a difference between macro and microeconomics.’ macro’ stands for large in Greek, while 'micro’ stands for small in Greek. This is to explain that microeconomics covers the economy of smaller regions such as...
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...AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA (International Business) Course Title: Economic Analysis Programme Name: MBA (IB)/3C MBA Course Code: MIB 106 Semester: I Classroom contact hours: 40 hours Faculty: Prof. Ajit K Pandey Prof. Kshamta Chauhan Credit Units: 04 Prof. Harendra K Pandey Self Study hours: 80 hours Course Objective This course aims to integrate various principles and concepts from different fields of economics with typical problems of managerial decision-making and policy formulation in business organizations whether in a local or global context. Understanding the application of economic principles to key management decisions will provide guidance to increase value creation within organizations, and allows a better understanding of the external business environment in which organizations operate. Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the student will be able to • − Use the theory of the firm to model business organizations • − Apply demand theory to establish the elasticity of demand • − Use demand estimation to forecast demand trends and change • − Apply production theory to manage production • − Use cost theory to establish short and long run behavior • − Describe market structures to establish market equilibrium • − Use pricing strategies to enable organizational coherence • − Use macroeconomic principles to address market...
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...Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand ECO/365 Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Introduction Supply and demand dictates business and determines if a business is going to be successful or not. It is also a key part of the microeconomic and macroeconomic settings in a company. This week’s simulation showed how an apartment company in the city of Atlantis is affected by the business decisions of the company and the economic factors that are going on around them. The microeconomic concepts that can be pulled from the simulation are the changes in the supply and demand of their two bedroom apartments which the company is trying to adjust. The macroeconomic concepts that can be pulled from the simulation are the price elasticity and the price ceiling that the government has set because this has an effect on the area as a whole. Both of these economic factors play a key role in business and how a business has to adapt to the changes in the economic structures around them. The Simulation The simulation brought to the light and showed that a shift in the supply curve or the demand curve or both curves could cause major changes in the economic environment of the economy around them and the company as a whole. The simulation showed that there was a demand for property, especially when Lintech Inc. moved into the area. There was a huge demand for the apartments and this caused Good life management to adjust prices to compensate for the demand...
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