...Welcome to WritePoint, the automated review system that recognizes errors most commonly made by university students in academic essays. The system embeds comments into your paper and suggests possible changes in grammar and style. Please evaluate each comment carefully to ensure that the suggested change is appropriate for your paper, but remember that your instructor's preferences for style and format prevail. You will also need to review your own citations and references since WritePoint capability in this area is limited. NOTE: WritePoint comments are computer-generated writing and grammar suggestions inviting the consideration and analysis of the writer; they are not infallible statements of right/wrong, and they should not be used as grading elements. Also, at present, WritePoint cannot detect quotations or block-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. Courtroom [Make sure paragraph indentation is five to seven spaces or one tab stop] Work Group Mary C. Thomas CJ\204 October 15, 2012 Kimberly Haney ...
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...* The author of the Article is Kenneth B. Scott. * The Article title is A Single Police Force for Scotland: The Legislative Framework (1). * The Journal Title is Policing a Journal of Policy and Practice Volume 7. * The publication date is June 2013. * Issue 2. * Page numbers 135-141. * The content of the Article is focused on the introduction of The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 and how the provisions of the Act may impact upon four key areas of policing which are the nature of policing, governance, local policing and police accountability. The Article briefly touches upon the history of the evolution of legislative police reform since 1962 and how the values and role of the police have been modernised with the introduction of the Act with a particular emphasis on human rights. The author draws the reader to the observation that the Act will emphasise that the police are a provider of public services, not just a law enforcement agency. Highlighting potential conflict between police commanders, local authorities in terms of local performance accountability and broader governmental targets known as ‘single outcome agreements’, the Article does not offer a resolution merely that conflict is very possible. The author introduces the reader to the transformation of independent police accountability mechanisms in Scotland and how this more aligns to the current arrangements in England and Wales. The author suggests that the role of the Police Investigations...
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...Evidence Based Policing Criminology Professor Currie Gauvreau Strayer University Brandy Gates February 17, 2012 Evidence-based policing is generally defined as the use of best available research to affect the outcomes of the work of policemen. It also refers to the methods undertaken with respect to the implementation of guidelines, the evaluation of units, officers and agencies. In a nutshell, evidence-based policing refers to the use of research in order to properly guide the practice of the practitioners and to evaluate them (Dempsey & Forst, 2011). Evidence-based policing thus gives paramount importance to the use of the best evidence so as to significantly affect best practice. In this sense, evidence-based policing attempts to eliminate unsystematic experience as the most common basis used for police work (Waring & Weisburd, 2002). There have been numerous attempts that are aimed towards the improvement of policing. Many researchers have already claimed that most police work transcends beyond calling their emergency number. In this sense, it has been suggested that various guidelines be implemented in order to ensure the transformation of police institutions, making them more reflexive and smart (Dempsey & Forst, 2011). The concept of evidence-based policing therefore eliminates the reliance on someone’s past and activities in order to solve a crime. Instead, evidence-based policing, as its name suggests, highlights the importance of proper...
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...Policing in U.S Society Paper Brittany Duke CJS/210 11/08/2015 Brian Carter Policing in U.S Society Paper The United States has one of the most complex law enforcement systems in the world compared to other countries. There are several different policing organizations throughout the United States. These policing organizations can be broken down into two main agencies, federal law enforcement agencies and state and local law enforcement agencies. Federal law enforcement agencies contain officers that work for agencies in different departments such as the department of justice, department of Treasury, and Department of Homeland Security. Law enforcement agencies are at the federal level only, but they enforce various laws. They try and level local crime to the State. According to “Discover Policing” (2008-2015), “There are more than 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States”. Every state has its own police force, and so does every city and every county. The State and local law enforcement agencies include different law enforcement agencies such as local police, state police, as well as other agencies. Local police includes municipal and county police that obtained their authority from that specific governing body that created it. They interact locally within their jurisdiction to uphold the laws in that area and take care of local crimes. State police perform police duties within their assigned state, they mainly help with highway...
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...Community and Problem-Solving Policing CJS/210 There are different types of policing methods used through the different local, state, and governmental policing agencies throughout the United States. However are any of the philosophies better or worse than their counterparts. We will be covering different philosophies used in the current policing administrations today. The first of the two major philosophies that we will cover is called community policing. The primary goal or focus of this policing method is to attempt to involve the community as an active partner in addressing crime problems throughout the community. Community policing sets out to separate the thinking of individual segments consisting of the police, and the community. It instead is trying to make a single joint effort that is completed by both the police department and the community residents working as a single unit to deter or stop crime. The community policing philosophy has an emphasis on partnership and openness to the point that there have been innovative ideas created by the Detroit police department with their mini-station program. The idea behind this was that more officers closer to the community with great community relations skills would help to encourage the community with crime...
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...Predictive Policing By Amiracle L. Grace CIS500 Information Systems for Decision Making Professor Constance Blanson Strayer University July 16, 2014 ABSTRACT You will briefly read about Table of Contents Introduction 4 Application of IT 5 Four IS Functions 6 IT and Crime Prevention 7 SWOT Analysis 7 Future of Predictive Policing 8 REFERENCES 9 Introduction In previous and the most recent years, police officers have increased their use of new technologies to become more effective when it comes to reducing crime. The oldest technology that has been used is COMPSTAT formerly known as Computer Statistics. COMPSTAT has been around to implement strategies in law enforcement on stopping crime before it starts. COMPSTAT builds onto the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) to analyze which crime is being mostly committed, the county (or city), which age group and ethnicity is committing those crimes. COMPSTAT relies on human recognition patterns based on past crimes (Goode, 2011). In 1994, COMPSTAT was developed within the New York Police Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning...
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...Police History Essay (Week One) Policing in today’s society is very different than what it was back in the 1800’s. In my reading of The Police in America, An Introduction, Seventh Edition Walker and Katz explain how the very first American police officer received no training, forms of communication, policy or procedure guidelines or weapons. Corruption and abuse of police authority ran rampant. This is vastly different than to today’s policing in America. American policing was born as a product from the English heritage and focused on three main features which helped create American policing as we know of it today. The three main features were high value on individual liberty and on governmental authority, tradition of local control of law enforcement agencies, and a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement. Sir Robert Peel is known as the “father” of modern day policing. To this day his work is still discussed and taught at all different law enforcement training academies around America. Sir Robert Peel sought to fix England’s broken and collapsed law enforcement system. He created three core elements which are still used in today’s policing to help aid in crime prevention. The three core elements were the mission, strategy, and organizational structure of the police. Most of these ideas were adopted from the military but tailored to meet the needs of law enforcement. Those elements were designed to work with a proactive police approach...
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...my state, were at least once or twice a year we are hearing about another political person doing something wrong. The most recent being our former Governor Blagojevich, who was trying to sell President Obama’s senate seat for a profit. So in my eyes the political era played and is still playing a negative role in today’s society. The reform era took place after the political era and it lasted from 1920-1970. During this era “reformers attempted to redefine the role and function of the police. While this era was happening the police seemed to be trying to turn things around and gain some professionalism. It was the twentieth century when the reform era started to gain some momentum and political started to not play the big role in policing as it did during the political era. It was 1920 when the reform era came to “full bloom and police administrators struggled to establish members of their field as “professionals” rather than simply as person working at a job. During this era there were a few professional organizations that emerged, like The Association of Chiefs Police....
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...Policing Paper Keith Tunstall AJS/502 12-23-2013 Mr.Hazen Policing Paper The policing paper will be based on the past, present , and the future of all of the operational and administrative and the paper will be based on the problem-solving relations and policing of the proper function of criminal investigations, major and crucial responses to drastic incident dispatches and of the future problem-solving trend. Policing Paper Proper policing and its structure of the policing structure has always been under scrutiny from the past, present and the future. Most professionals in the criminal justice system search for that one specific strategy that will dramatically instill a positive structure for policing. According to (Walker, S., & amp ; Katz, 2011) “ Herman Goldstein’s approach to policing represents a proactive to policing, rather than a reactive approach to policing. Policing is more than just a response to 911 calls policing involves problem solving to identify recurring problems and developing strategies to reduce and eliminate recurring problems.” Structure or Problem- Solving Policing From 1980 Herman Goldstein upstarted a new structure of policing by solving problems and preventing specific...
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...Policing Development and Operation Trends Jovita Gilliam CJA/394 February 1, 2012 Yolonda Johnson Policing Development and Operation Trends There are different policing organizations present in every community that helps to keep that community safe. A few of these organizations are the local police, the state police, and the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigations). These organizations play a vital role in the past, present, and future trends of policing in this country. Their ability to adapt to changes in the way communities evolve and become more technologically advanced will determine if these agencies can prepare for change. Police management and organization has changed tremendously over the past century. The environment of policing has attributed too many of these changes. These changes come from: Public opinion differences about the police, new technology development, public, and private sector managerial innovations, and new types of offense emergence. Police management traditional methods emerged from two sources: policing from a militaristic views and management concepts derived from the beginning of the twentieth century from the private sector. Police administrators have been urged by reformers since the 1970s to adopt more democratic styles of management. Military management is not suited for policing because most of the work done by police involves citizens in low profile settings. Police cannot make...
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...The history of Police Paper Samuel G. Gilley CJA/214 – Introduction to Police Theory and Practices June 10, 2012 Judith Brodsky Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the policies are in place today. The United States has used methods of policing from Great Britain. There are many ways to learn about policing by studying the history of police. Police practices and logics have changed enormously over the years. It is a common misconception that policies remain the same over the years, but that is not true. Furthermore, there are different stages in the history of American police called the political era, professional era, police crisis of 1960’s, and the new development stages. America has used policies implemented by Robert Peel. Robert Peel was a political leader in England, who fought to improve law enforcement in the country. Robert Peel developed three core elements that involve mission...
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...Community Based Policing DeVry University Prof. B. Griffin April 5, 2012 Introduction “Community institutions are the first line of defense against order and crime…”Thus it is essential that the police work closely with all facets of the community to identify concerns and to find the most effective solutions. This is the essence of community policing (Kelling, 1988). Community policing is a value system in which the ultimate goal is working cooperatively with individual citizens, groups of citizens, and both public and private organizations to identify and resolve issues which potentially affect the livability of specific neighborhoods, and areas within the city (Cassady, 2012). Community-based police departments recognizes that that the police cannot effectively deal with such issues alone, and must partner with others who share a mutual responsibility for resolving problems. Community policing stresses prevention, early identification, and timely intervention to prevent issues before they become a problem. Community policing is both a philosophy (a way of thinking) and an organizational strategy (a way to carry out the philosophy) that allows the police and the community to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety issues to improve the quality of life for everyone in that community (Wilkerson, 2006). Community policing consists of two core components, community partnership and problem solving which is the foundations of a successful...
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...Leonel Solis CRJ 1113-001 @01596890 Date: 2/24/2017 Describe racial profiling and racially biased policing. Explain why these phenomena have become significant issues in policing. What steps have been taken to eliminate racial bias among police? I. Describe racial profiling and racially biased policing. An African American man and his family are seen driving in the Dominion by police officers whom immediately pull them over to question their reasoning for being there. This is an example of racial biased policing that has become a problem in today’s world. Racial biased policing include racial profiling which is: “any action taken by police officers due to the color or ethnicity of a person instead of the behavior that the individual is performing or information that leads officers to an individual fitting the description of who is engaging or has engaged in a criminal activity” (Schmallenger 2016). This now know type of policing targets multiple people on account of race, gender, sexuality, age and etc. II. Explain why these phenomena have become significant issues in policing....
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...Police History Nichole Perry CJA/214 August 24, 2014 Kevin Marshall Police History The history of the American police is fascinating because it gives insight to understanding policing today. American policing has changed drastically over the years and within the last decade of the twentieth century; the most creative period of policing has taken place (Walker & Katz, 2011). Sir Robert Peel and his principles of policing helped organize and establish clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). These principles encouraged accountability and professionalism amongst officers (Grant & Terry, 2012). The U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States have a working relationship but this relationship may affect police practices. The first police officer to go on patrol was a civilian that had received no training, patrolled on foot, had no radio to communicate with a dispatch, and did not carry a weapon (Walker & Katz, 2011). Furthermore, the officer had little education and did not have any manuals of policies or procedures to follow (Walker & Katz, 2011). In 1829 this all changed with the introduction of Sir Robert Peel’s Principles of policing. Peel operated the first modern police force that encouraged accountability and professionalism organized by military lines subject to clear chains of command and rules of conduct (Grant & Terry, 2012). Sir Robert Peel’s Principles are as follows: the police must be stable...
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...Introduction Policing has always been a form of the criminal justice system. Dating back to early civilization, people have always wanted some form of protection over themselves and their belongings. Policing arose as a means of social control, subduing Indians through violence, and watching over slaves to prevent them from escaping and causing a riot. Before the 1830’s, only watchman existed as a form of protection. It wasn’t until crime began to grow around the 1861 when cities began to establish police forces to fight crime. With crime and social problems evolving, the United States developed levels of policing. Policing comes in three stages of development. The first stage of policing is when the entire community share responsibility equally in contributing to the protection of the citizens and keeping order in the community. This stage is called informal policing. The second stage of policing is when the functions of the police are assigned to a specific part of the community or citizens. This form is called transitional policing. The third stage is called formal policing. Formal policing is when certain members of society take an oath to protect and keep order of the community. As society evolves, policing has gone from informal to formal due to the society going from having beliefs and values similar to society being dependent upon social control. As a result, there was a little need for formal policing in early civilization because the community...
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