...DETAIL SOIL INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION SOIL INVESTIGATION is carried out to design a right type of foundation safely and economically. A designer requires adequate information about the physical properties and the arrangement of the materials underground. The field and laboratory investigations needed to get this necessary information is known as soil exploration. The study of complete soil investigations can be grouped as follows : • Objectives or purposes, • Preliminary investigations, • Methods of site exploration, • Depth and spacing of trial pits and bore holes, • Choice of a method, • Recording of data. The investigation of the geology and previous uses of any site, together with the determination of its engineering, environmental and contamination characteristics is fundamental to both safe and economic development. [pic] SOIL TESTING • Soil tests can be conducted on samples that truly represent the soil at the site. • Soil sampling, testing and test interpretation must be conducted with guidance from specially trained and experienced personnel. • Proper soil testing is proven to be a reliable basis for the design of foundations and commonly used in site investigations to indicate their potential use and limitations. • Based on the premise that the behavior of soil masses under imposed conditions can be predicted if certain soil properties can be measured. • The results of soil tests must be interpreted based on past experience...
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...The Evolution of Fire Investigation and Its Impact on Arson Cases Journal Article by Kevin Weitzel Arson investigation is an ever changing field of science and crime investigation. Arson investigators need to be highly educated in their field and unfortunately most are not properly educated resulting in many high profile cases being unfinished or citizens being wrongly convicted. This paper will cover an article by John J. Lentini discussing these topics. Fire investigation is a complex field of work that unfortunately is not drawing in college graduates because of its low pay scale. This in turn makes being a fire investigator just a matter of learning from the older more experienced fire investigators who they themselves were never properly educated. To quote Lentini (p. 1 2012) “The reality is that the fire investigation profession has within its ranks a large number of individuals who don’t know what they’re doing”. This is quite a disturbing thing to read, professional testimonies we rely on to send people away for 10, 20, or even 50 years in prison could be complete hacks, taught by hacks, and really have no idea what they’re doing but nobody else will question them either, which makes all of this a lot worse. In 1994, a group of scientists including John J. Lentini developed a position paper stating that an accelerate detecting canine (ADC) alert was in fact not suitable for a jury to hear but were in fact much more suitable as a means to prove probable cause to...
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...Phase 1: Individual Project 1 CJFI360-1601A-01: Introduction to Criminalistics Professor: Frank Smith Colorado Technical University Online Obaid Rahman January 11, 2016 As the lead investigator for your investigations unit you have been selected by your supervisor to develop an updated list of qualifications for new prospective investigators who apply to transfer into the unit. In particular your supervisor wants your feedback on several areas they feel will be key to the selection process. Keep in mind that your paper should be 4 to 5 pages in length, not counting the cover sheet, abstract, and reference section, and the paper should meet all APA6 standards and requirements. Assignment Guidelines Address the following in 750–1,000 words: What are some of the characteristics the unit should look for in a potential investigator? Explain. In particular, explain why honesty and integrity are critical qualities for investigators to possess. What would be the educational level you would recommend for the beginner investigator to possess before being accepted into the unit? Why? How would prior experience in the field play a role (if any) in your decision on your educational requirements? Explain. What role will previous work history and supervisory recommendations play in the decision making process? Why? Be sure to reference all sources using APA style. References Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2004, Brian A. Reaves, Ph.D.(August 2008), Retrieve from...
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...Probable cause can be developed from agent observations, records checks, non intrusive canine sniffs and other established means. Motorist's may consent to a search, but are not required to do so. Immigration and customs enforcement conduct homeland security investigations and assist in enforcement and removal operations. In order to conduct a legal search under the Fourth Amendment, the agents must develop particularly probable cause to conduct a lawful search. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution states, “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Staff, 2017).” Many U.S. citizens feel that stops and searches at the border are unnecessary and are a violation of their rights as citizens. Citizens have the right to...
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...Additionally, NDIS possesses a little over thirteen million offender profiles, and since February of 2018, CODIS has produced almost 411,000 hits assisting in more than 395,000 nation-wide law enforcement investigations (FBI, 2018). Although, these systems appear to be effective, law enforcement officials are constantly examining methods to decrease the time spent on DNA collection and processing through the establishment of a rapid DNA analysis system. Consequently, the FBI’s vision for Rapid DNA Analysis is to link approved a CODIS commercial instruments capable of compiling a sufficient loci DNA profile to the existing CODIS infrastructure (FBI, 2018). Thus, Rapid DNA Analysis program would alert law enforcement officials of a potential suspect during the booking...
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...Criminal Investigation can be defined as an authorized effort to uncover information on a crime. It can also be the process by which discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence can determine what happened and who is responsible. Some goals of criminal investigators can be to determine whether a crime has been committed, legally obtain information and evidence to identify the responsible person, arrest the suspect, recover stolen property and resent the best possible case to the prosecutor. While all these investigations take place many different special operation units and federal agencies intervene in the cases. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a unit that handles financial crime, violent crime, organized crime, public corruption, violations of individual civil rights, and drug-related crimes. They are a unit that has been around for a long time and has helped solve many cases. “The Federal Bureau of Investigation was founded in 1908 when the Attorney General appointed an anonymous force of 34 Special Agents to be investigators for the Department of Justice. Before that, the DOJ had to borrow agents from the U.S. Secret Service. In 1909, the Special Agent Force was renamed the Bureau of Investigation, and after countless name changes, it became The Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. When the FBI was established, there were not an abundance of federal crimes, so it investigated criminal acts that dealt with national banking, bankruptcy...
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...Introduction In August 2001, it was discovered that the McDonald’s Monopoly game was a fraud. Simon Marketing, which ran the game on behalf of McDonald’s was responsible for the fraud. An investigation was initiated pursuant to a confidential tip. The investigation was led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and dubbed Operation “Final Answer”. During the investigation to uncover the fraud, the FBI used several different forms of surveillance. In this paper I will describe how the actual fraud was committed and subsequent aftermath of the investigation. Case Study The McDonald’s Monopoly game fraud was discovered in August of 2001, when it was revealed that certain employees of Simon Marketing and associates had colluded to defraud the McDonald’s Corporation in excess of $13 million worth of game prizes over the promotion period (Albrecht et al, 2012, p.210). The Simon Marketing firm was contracted by McDonalds to run their promotional sweepstakes games. The game prizes consisted of cash, vehicles, vacations and/or food prizes. According to Richard Dent (FBI Special Agent in Charge), the main players involved in the scheme were as follows; Linda L. Baker, 49, of Westminster, South Carolina; Noah D. "Dwight" Baker, 49, of Westminster, South Carolina; John F. Davis, 44, of Granbury, Texas; Andrew M. Glomb, 58, of Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Michael L. Hoover, 56, of Westerly, Rhode Island; Ronald E. Hughey, 56, of Anderson, South Carolina; Jerome...
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...The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or F.B.I., is a federal national security organization that has many responsibilities and is comprised of several departments in order to, “protect and defend the United Sates against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the U.S., and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.” The FBI investigates and oversees many different types of threats against the U.S., including: terrorism, counterintelligence, cyber crime, weapons of mass destruction, civil rights, organized crime, white-collar crime, and public corruption. This federal agency was created on July 26, 1908, and is described...
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...I choose to research the career path of Crime Scene Investigator. A CSI is usually a person who assists a police officer in investigations. CSIs are sometimes called Forensic Science Technicians. I decided to research this topic because I wanted to get a feel of the career path because it sparked my interest about year and I´ve been intriged ever since. It’s the career I’m thinking about going to school to do. Crime Scene Investigation is a career for me since it brings my interests in forensic science and police work. My desire is to develop in any skills necessary to be successful in this field of work; plus, it would provide a steady income in the distant future. Specialized CSIs will find a small clue that could lead them to a suspect. They use various types...
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...After obtaining two bachelor’s degrees, I want to eventually work my way up to joining the FBI and becoming a Special Agent within the Criminal Investigation division. Special Agents for Criminal investigations stand as one the largest of the five divisions within the FBI. The primary duty is conduct and investigate serious crimes and illegal activity. Most specials agents handle high profile criminal cases. The common duties performed by a special agent would be to investigate incidents of all types of crimes, question suspects and witnesses to obtain knowledge of the crimes and suspects, gather information for judicial proceedings, lend support to local law enforcement, develop or act as informants for criminal investigations and terrorists...
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...Somewhere in the world tonight there is a forensic scientist shaking their head while watching the latest episode of the CSI franchise. The reason why this may be is because in the real world things are handled and done very differently oppose to how it is shown on crime shows such as CSI: Miami and its other popular spinoffs. That is right, contrary to popular belief those who work within crime scene investigation do not go cruising down south beach in Miami, in their brand new hummer or have clever one liners, and dramatic music playing in the background. This field requires thorough examination and investigations of crime scenes and the scientific tools to allow each case to be solved. This obviously means that it is extremely tedious and...
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... I choose crime scene investigation as my career because when I was a little girl my dream was to figure out why and how people died. I enjoy watching crime scene investigation shows on television, elusively the ones involving elderlies and children. One of my favorite crime scene investigation shows is called 48 hours on A&E. This show inspires me to have the wanting to help those who are in need of help. I am aware that in most cases, I will experience death at a crime scenes but I am prepared for the duties in this job. This is not an easy career to accomplish but is well worth it for those who enjoy this field. The easiest way for becoming a crime scene investigator is to become involved with law enforcement. In some cases some police departments do hire civilian crime scene investigators, but most are looking for investigators with a police background. In order to be qualified to get a job you need at least an associate's degree. However there are many police departments that require applicants to have a bachelor’s degree. There are a lot of colleges that offer majors for crime scene investigations including criminal justice, criminology, and forensics. This career requires a valid driver's license and a valid license to carry a weapon. Like any other career you must complete CEU’S to maintain your certificate/licensing up to date. Continuing education requires a person to complete four courses online, crime scene investigation, forensic photography...
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...COINTELPRO was the topic of discussion this week and before this week, I had never heard of it before. In reality, I would never have heard of it if a group of brave and determined individuals had not stolen it from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). COINTELPRO stands for Counter Intelligence Program which J. Edgar Hoover used as a way to take the way he looked into the safety of the country into his own hands. If Hoover felt as if something was immoral, he started an investigation even if it was not approved or legal. I find it hard to believe that he was able to pretty much go around and investigate whoever he deemed a threat to the safety of the United States when there are so many other officials and the President who should have overseen what he was doing more and took control....
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...Crime Scene Investigation John J. Camacho University of Maryland University College Imagine if solving crimes were done in an hour. In twenty four hours evidence is collected and processed and all suspects are investigated and dealt with as deemed necessary. There is a reason why things like this only happen on television, because this is very unrealistic. There are so many T.V. shows that glamorize this possibility; one of those shows is CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. This show is so popular that there are a few different versions; one set in Las Vegas, New York, and Miami. The show is based on crimes, usually murder, that is solved by the criminal investigation unit of the police department. Their jobs are to collect evidence from the crime scenes to help solve the crime. Because this is television all the crimes are solved within an hour and it does not go through the realistically long and tedious process of gathering and processing evidence. Season five episode twenty-one of CSI: Miami involves the murder of three people; a female personal trainer, a male who bought a car from a rich couple, and a lawyer. All three of the victims are tied to the rich couple who are in the process of getting a divorce, I will name them Mr. and Mrs. Smith. First the personal trainer was found in the home of the couple. The man who bought the car was found in a parking lot near his car. The lawyer was found in his office. The personal trainer was bludgeoned to death by a blunt object...
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...According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), there were a total of 14,827 reported murders in the USA (FBI.) The first thing that investigators look at when they arrive at the crime site is DNA evidence from the criminal. Once the DNA evidence is collected they will attempt to create a DNA profile to match the assailant to one of the suspects. Although this procedure may seem perfect, when put into action, there are often several issues. One of the biggest issues is the fact that the DNA sample collected from the scene is incomplete. Often only partial samples are collected and it leaves room for doubt during the prosecution. In addition, during laboratory analysis of the DNA sample, the use of different machines and the amount of...
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