I. INTRODUCTION

Molecules can be either organic or inorganic. In chemistry terms, organic means a molecule has a carbon backbone, with some hydrogen’s thrown in for good measure. Living creatures are made of various kinds of organic compounds. Inorganic molecules are composed of other elements. They can contain hydrogen or carbon, but if they have both, they are organic.

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen; therefore, carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon are not organic. An inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. Inorganic compounds come principally from mineral sources of non-biological origin. The modern definition of inorganic compounds often includes all metal-containing compounds, even those found in living systems. Although most carbon compounds are classed as organic, cyanide salts, carbon oxides and carbonates are usually considered to be inorganic.

The terms "organic" and "inorganic," as applied to the various kinds of matter of which the universe is composed, had, to begin with, a very definite signification; the latter being applied to all those forms of matter which exist independently of the operation of living beings, whilst all kinds of matter produced by the vital chemistry of living beings were grouped together under the former title. "Inorganic" Chemistry. At the present day, the term "organic" has been widely extended in its significance by the wonderful discoveries of modern science; and "Organic Chemistry," as it is still commonly called, embraces a much more extensive field of investigation than would be afforded merely by those substances which are actually manufactured by living beings.

II. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES

Materials:

• Sodium Chloride

• Sucrose

• Chloroform

• Alcohol

• Potassium Iodide Solution

• Calcium Chloride

• Potassium Bromide

• Naphthalene

• Benzoic Acid

Apparatus:

• Evaporating Dish

• Burner

• Conductivity Apparatus

• Test Tubes

• Beaker

Procedures:

A. Observation of Sodium Chloride and Sugar upon Heating

1. Place a pinch of sodium chloride in an evaporating dish.

2. Heat, gently at first and then with a full force of the burner. Observe.

3. Repeat the procedure using a pinch of sugar instead of sodium chloride.

B. Differences in Conductivity

1. Set up the conductivity apparatus.

2. Observe the conductivity of the following substances: sodium chloride solution, chloroform, sucrose solution, alcohol, potassium iodide solution.

C. Differences in Solubility

1. Test the solubility of the following substances in water: NaCl, CaCl2, KBr, Naphthalene, and Benzoic acid.

2. Repeat the test using alcohol instead of water.

III. RESULTS

Table 3.1: Observation of Sodium Chloride and Sugar upon Heating

|Treatments |Observations |
| |Before |During |After |
| |The color is white |The color is changed |It is crystallized |
|Sodium Chloride |It is in solid form |It started to pop after 4 |The color become very light|
| | |minutes |brown |
| | |After a minutes the sugar is |The color turned into dark |
| |The color is white |melting |brown |
|Sugar |The taste is sweet |During heating, it transform |After heating, it transform|
| | |into liquid form |into solid form |

Table 3.2: Conductivity Results

|Treatments |Observations |
| |Conductive |Non-conductive |
|Sodium chloride | | |
|chloroform | | |
|Sucrose Solution | | |
|Alcohol | | |
|Potassium Iodide Solution | | |

Table 3.3: Solubility Results

|Treatments |Solubility |
| |H2O |Alcohol |
| |It remains at the bottom |The alcohol become whitish but not |
|Sodium Chloride |It dissolved when stirred |dissolved |
| |From white the color become transparent |The color is transparent |
|Potassium Bromide |It dissolved when stirred |it does not dissolved |
| |It floated |It remains at the bottom |
|Naphthalene |It does not dissolved even when stirred |It does not dissolved even when stirred|
| |Some are floated and some are remains at|It remains at the bottom |
|Benzoic Acid |the bottom |It dissolved slowly |

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS

- In order to understand deeply the solubility of the compound, you can use hexane, ethanol and water and by doing that you are able to determine which organic compound have similar solubility characteristic.

- You can also determine the solubility of a substance in a solution by determining how much of the substance dissolves in another substance. Usually the substance that is present in the largest amount in a solution is called the solvent, and the substance present in the least amount is called the solute. If a substance does not completely dissolve or is not miscible in the solvent, a heterogeneous mixture may be formed.

V. CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that in determining the organic compounds, you must identify the number of bonds for carbon and other atoms in organic compounds. I also found out that Organic compounds like sucrose solution, alcohol, and chloroform do not conduct electrical current very well and therefore have a low conductivity.

I also found out that when two substances are mixed together they may or may not dissolve in each other depending on a variety of characteristics and properties associated with each substance. If they dissolve in each other, they are considered to be soluble or miscible with each other. You can also determine the solubility of a substance in a solution by determining how much of the substance dissolves in another substance.

VI. LITERATURE

According to Atherton Seidell, Ph.D., The principal object in preparing a compilation of solubility data, from the point of view of the advancement of chemistry, is to furnish material for the origination and verification of theories of solution. The majority of investigators, who have been engaged on such problems, have been compelled to determine experimentally the values required for developing the generalizations they hoped to establish. In fact, a large part of the most accurate data which are here brought together, are the outgrowth of such studies. It is hoped, therefore, that the present effort to make these and all other quantitative results more accessible for theoretical studies of solubility, will lead to noteworthy advances in this field of chemistry.

https://archive.org/stream/solubilitiesino04seidgoog/solubilitiesino04seidgoog_djvu.txt

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