...recovery from the global financial crisis in 2010-2011, global foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have again taken a downward turn. As the world economic recovery continues to be uncertain and fragile, global FDI inflows have declined by 18%, from $1.65 trillion in 2011 to $1.35 trillion in 2012. Inflows decreased both in developed and developing economies.16 However, while the majority of developed countries experienced a significant reduction in their FDI inflows, by 32% on average, those to developing economies remained relatively resilient, declining by only 4% on average. More importantly, for the first time developing economies alone absorbed more FDI than developed countries, accounting for 52% of global FDI inflows (figure 3.1). Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2013 FIGURE 3.1 1400 1200 Billions of United States dollars 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2003 Foreign direct investment inflows to developed and developing economies, 2003-2012 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Developed economies Developing economies Source: ESCAP calculations, based on UNCTADStat. FIGURE 3.2 2000 Billions of United States dollars 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Foreign direct investment outflows from developed and developing economies, 2003-2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Developed economies Developing economies Source: ESCAP calculations, based on UNCTADStat Note: Due to...
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...economy in Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. Our worldwide connections enable us to offer our customers a truly global perspective built upon local knowledge and expertise. HSBC sponsors sports which represent our core values and allow us to connect with local communities at a grass roots level HSBC Key Facts * Founded in 1865 * Headquartered in London * Around 6,600 offices in 80 countries and territories within HSBC's international network * One of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world * Listed on the London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges. Our objective is to become the world’s leading international bank. Our strategy is aligned to two long-term trends: * The world economy is becoming ever more connected, with growth in world trade and cross-border capital flows continuing to outstrip growth in average gross domestic product. Over the next decade we expect 35 markets to generate 90 per cent of world trade growth with a similar degree of concentration in cross-border capital flows. * Of the world’s top 30 economies, we expect those in Asia-Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa to increase in size approximately four-fold by 2050, benefiting from demographics and urbanisation. By this time they will be larger than those of Europe and North America combined. By 2050, we expect 18 of the 30 largest economies will be from Asia-Pacific, Latin America...
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...the job. Contents: * History/ Vision/ Mission * Environment( SWOT, PESTLE) * Identification of risk and Impacts * Ranking * Risk management strategy * Recommendation * Conclusion ( Reference) 1. About Disneyland The first Disneyland theme park was built in Anaheim California, USA on July 21, 1954 within 1 year. Disneyland is owned by The Walt Disney Company. The cost for building Disneyland is 17.5 million dollars. It had revenues 31.9 billion in 2005. Vision: The destination in South East Asia to creates happiness, memories and wonderful feeling and scene for Guest, Community and Cast. Mission: Vietnam Disneyland inspires happiness and delivery world-class experience through creativity, great leadership and a passionate Cast. 2. Environment analysis SWOT analysis Strengths | Weaknesses | _Foreign expertise._High resources (budget, development technology)._Experience in investing in foreign country such as Paris, Hongkong, Tokyo._Foreigner leaderships have high knowledge and skill to manage and control._Popular brand name. | _Lack of information in Vietnam market._High cost for investment._Face high risk factors._High sunk cost: land, building and facilities._Excessive Research & Development: income of Vietnamese people and...
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...the controversial roles of IMF in East Asia Financial Crisis Introduction Now and then, nation to nation, financial crises are inevitable: Mexico in 1994, the whole East Asia region in 1997, Brazil in 1999, and the most recently Argentina in 2001. Looking back to the victims of such financial crises, we found that most of them are labeled as the developing countries, whose financial sectors were still weak at that time yet were impetuously exposed to the advocated ‘Liberal financial market’ which was supported by the Neoclassical Liberalism social economists. Among all these financial crises, the financial storm in East Asia, starting from the year of 1997, wreaked beyond doubt the greatest havoc on the Asia and the world economy as a whole, dragging down the ‘Asian tigers’ (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippine, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore) from the peak of the glorious ‘Economic Miracle’ in the past few years. Because of the severity and contagion of the East Asia Crisis, important questions have been raised such as the causes of the crisis, the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the financial architecture of international capital markets. As one of the most important international organizations, IMF has its great impact on the world economy. In this paper, the influence of IMF before the eruption of the crisis and its role in the recovery of East Asia economy will be presented. The paper...
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...Long-term Goals/Objectives Goal #1: Increase profit before tax over the Next 5 Fiscal Years from 2015 to 2019 by 40% in Asia. In the past three years, HSBC Holding plc’s profit before tax was 18,680, 22565, and 20649 million dollars respectively. Asia’s profit before tax was 14,625, 15853, and 18030 million dollars respectively. This proportion of Asia’s profit was as high as 78.3%,70.3%, and 87.3%. Therefore, i can believe that HSBC bank’s major profit from Asia. [1] Table 1 shows the profit before tax of geographical regions [pic][2] Why we has goal in Asia? According to the above table, we can see that Asia had the extremely high profit before tax compared to other parts of world. Also, Asia is the region which has the largest number of developing countries in the world. Such as China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Especially, with China’s economic reform deeply, there has more investment opportunities will emerge. Why we hasn’t goal in Middle East and North Africa? We also can found Middle East and North Africa had a continued momentum of increased. But, we still made a decision we hasn’t goal in Middle East and North Africa. There has two reasons, the first reason is there has low level of economic. The second reason is local political instability increases investment risk. Strategic Options and choices In order help HSBC Holding plc to meet the goals and objectives, three strategies, expansion in China, restore customer confidence, product...
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...International Political Science 8 October, 2013 World Bank: The East Asian Miracle The East Asian Miracle is described as a historic series of events and policies that led to the economic growth of twenty-three East-Asian economies from the 1960s to the 1990s. Each economy was impacted differently thus the most important due to the degree of change would be: Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, China, Malaysia and Thailand. A combination of many policies and government turned these developing nations into industrial leaders of the world. These changes didn’t occur without government stimulation and policy changes, some of which were directed towards market and some towards state. Each policy had to be tailored to a country’s specific dilemma, many of these countries suffered from different problems and had to be addressed as such. Eventually, each of these led to many outcomes which together became the rapid growth of the Eastern Asian economies such as: increase of real income per capita, balancing the margin between income inequalities, human welfare, and more. Government intervention and actions are usually a good thing depending on what the desired outcome is, but too much of it can be detrimental to the welfare of the economy. A balanced amount of stimulation was needed in order to get the economy going, such as limited government spending to limit deficits. A statement from the book that directly relates to the focus of these reforms is “The eight...
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...groups of East Asian countries making miracle in transforming their economies from the third world to the first world ranking. There are three generations of Asian miracle. Starting with Japan, the first generation of what called Asian miracle, following with the second generation including South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, and final generation consists of some Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia. This paper is going to talk about the second generation of Asian economic miracle. By showing their economic achievement, illustrating their economic policies, and analyzing how the economic trend of 20th century reflected on those policies, this paper will argue that Asian miracle was the result of the wise choices of how to manage an economy. Furthermore, developing countries should learn the lessons of how to choose the right economic policies to make economic miracle. Asian Economic Miracle: The Wisely Chosen Economic Policies and The Economic Trend of 20th Century Introduction According to the East Asian Miracle (EAM, World Bank, 1993), “East Asia has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth. From 1965 to 1990 the twenty-three economies of East Asia grew faster than all other regions of the world.” The eight Asian economies: Japan, the “Four Tigers” including Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, and the newly industrializing countries (NICs) of Southeast Asia including...
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...The Age of Exploration A Resource to Accompany History Alive! The United States Through Industrialism Brings Learning Alive! Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 1 Introduction I n this reading, you will learn about the Age of Exploration. This period of discovery lasted from about 1418 to 1620. During this time, European explorers made many daring voyages that changed world history. A major reason for these voyages was the desire to find sea routes to east Asia, which Europeans called the Indies. When Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean, he was looking for such a route. Instead, he landed in the Americas. Columbus thought he had reached the Indies. In time, Europeans would realize that he had found what they called the ”New World.” European nations soon rushed to claim lands in the Americas for themselves. Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for a few weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuit… swarming with worms…. We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days... and often we ate sawdust from boards.” Why did explorers...
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...AGRANA CASE STUDY: FROM LOCAL SUPPLIER TO A GLOBAL PLAYER Introduction: The story of the Vienna-based company, AGRANA is pretty fascinating when one considers the journey of 19 years and how far the company has come thus far. Also the fact that AGRANA is major participant in the food and beverages industry while supplying the major players is quite impressive. AGRANA realized total gross revenue of US$4bn by end of 2013 (Annual Report, 2013). The continual growth of AGRANA with current expansion into Australia and South East Asia is also very outstanding. 1. From an industry-based view, how would you characterize competition in this industry? AGRANA has seen remarkable growth in its expansion and acquisition of new entities although it kept its diversification to a minimum. It still concentrates on its major divisions of Sugar, Starch, Fruit and Bioethanol production as currently. However, AGRANA has become a conglomerate of different entities within the group. The success of integrating these different entities with diverse origins has reduced its inter-firm rivalry to a minimum. Within its component parts, AGRANA has seen and continues to enjoy great success. As an industry leader, AGRANA has also cemented its lead by having a competitive edge using its “personnel, experience and financial strength” to the advantage of the company. The bas of AGRANA now has almost been solidified in an industry where new and potential entry commands a lot of resources and financial...
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...Becoming a multinational corporation gives the company a chance to grow and profit on a completely different level and could potentially make that corporation a household name worldwide. Not only does this create many opportunities for the company, it allows investors a chance to diversify their portfolios and enter the world of international investing. This project allowed me to learn more about international investing and competition in the global market. Two foreign stocks that trade on U.S. stock exchanges and two U.S.-based multinational corporations were included in the portfolio I created. Anheuser-Busch (BUD), a brewing company founded in 1366, produces, markets, and distributes beer, as well as non-alcoholic beverages. It boasts a portfolio of approximately 200 beer brands. The company’s international brands include Budweiser, Stella Artois, Corona, Beck’s, Leffe and Hoegaarden, while its local brands primarily consist of Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Antarctica, Victoria, Modelo Especial, Michelob Ultra, Harbin, Sedrin, and Jupiler. The company has operations in 24 countries. Anheuser-Busch is a foreign stock, as it is headquartered in Belgium. National Grid (NGG) is also a foreign stock; this company is headquartered in the United Kingdom. National Grid conducts and allocates electricity and gas to industrial, residential, and commercial consumers. The company operates high voltage electricity and gas transmission networks in Great Britain, a gas distribution system in the...
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...The Philippines (i/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/; Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino:Repúblika ng Pilipinas), is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of 7,107 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions:Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila while its most populous city is Quezon City; both are part of Metro Manila. To the north of the Philippines across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan;Vietnam sits west across the South China Sea; southwest is the island of Borneo across the Sulu Sea, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia; while to the east it is bounded by the Philippine Sea and the island-nation of Palau. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons, but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world's greatestbiodiversity. At approximately 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi), the Philippines is the 64th-largest country in the world. With a population of at least 99 million people, the Philippines is theseventh-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12 million Filipinos live overseas, comprising one of the world's largest diasporas. Multiple ethnicitiesand cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times,Negritos were...
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...The black hole of South-East Asia: strategic decision making in an informational void George T. Haley Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Business, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Chin-Tiong Tan Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore, Singapore Proposes that most managers and researchers acknowledge that emerging and newly industrialized markets do not have the same quantity of secondary data as the longindustrialized economies of North America and Western Europe. Presents the results of a search of available, business-related, secondary data on South-East Asia’s rapidly growing economies; highlights how this dearth of data has resulted in an informational void that affects the practice of strategic management in the region. Also delineates how regional managers cope with and adapt to the informational void, and to the region’s fastchanging business, cultural and competitive environments, by developing their unique, highly-intuitive style of strategic management. Finally provides some suggestions to bridge this informational void for management practice and for future research. The authors thank the Guest Editor, Dr Usha C.V. Haley, two anonymous reviewers, and Comet, for their excellent comments and suggestions. Management Decision 34/9 [1996] 37–48 © MCB University Press [ISSN 0025-1747] An old adage posits that the quality of one’s decisions depends on the quality of one’s information. The more...
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...Motor Corporation Headquartered in Japan 6 3.2 Second Case Study of Firm; Apple Inc Headquartered in U.S. 7 3.3 Comparisons between Toyota Motor Corporation and Apple Inc. 7 3.4 Factors Toyota and Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other countries or regions before the assembly of final product is completed (Saslavsky & Shepherd, 2012) – that caused East Asia countries to experience economic growth (Milberg & Winkler, 2010). Based on the above description of IPN, this paper describes the reasons why MNC in Asia utilize multiple production locations located in several countries for production of parts and components...
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...SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION San Miguel Corporation was established in 1890. It is currently South East Asia’s largest publicly listed food, beverage and packaging company. It has over 17,000 employees and also around 100 major facilities throughout South East Asia. Businesses under the San Miguel Corporation are San Miguel Brewery, Inc., Ginebra San Miguel, Inc., San Miguel Purefoods Co. Inc., San Miguel Packaging Products and San Miguel Properties Inc. San Miguel Corporation is, if not the most, one of the most popular companies both here in the Philippines and the Pacific-Asia. It has products ranging from beverages, food, packaging to real estate. It is best known for its beverages, specifically beer, gin and other alcoholic drinks. For the first 9 months, San Miguel Co. Posted strong results financially. It amassed P394.4 billion sales revenue, which is a 143% jump from the level of the previous year. Recurring net income is P11.6 billion, which is a 41% increase from last year. Due to having certain accounting policies applied by BOC not in accordance in PFRS, an investment in associate of San Miguel Co, have made some adjustments to correct its statements. In computing for the equity in net earnings and comprehensive income for BOC, San Miguel Co. made adjustments in both statements of 2009 and 2010. The corrections are inadequate reserves of non-performing assets, investment properties and financial assets, deferral of losses on sale of non-performing loans, and misstatement...
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...consumers watch and buy. “Consumers are clearly proceeding with caution in relation to their spending intentions,” said Dr. Venkatesh Bala, chief economist at The Cambridge Group, a part of Nielsen. “Consumer confidence lost momentum in the second quarter as global events, including a worsening Euro zone crisis coupled with slowing growth rates in China and India, impacted financial markets and consumer sentiment in many parts of the world. As renewed volatility entered global markets, consumers reacted by reining in spending and consumption intentions.” In the latest round of the survey, conducted between May 4 and May 21, 2012, consumer confidence declined three points to 100 in Asia Pacific, four points to 88 in North America, and two points to 96 in Latin America. An increase of one point each in Middle East/Africa (98) and Europe (73) was reported. Overall, consumer confidence rose in 41 percent of global markets measured by Nielsen in Q2, compared to a 68 percent increase in the previous quarter. Confidence declined in 26 of 56 markets, increased in 23, and remained flat in seven. The Nielsen Global Survey of Consumer Confidence and Spending Intentions, established in 2005, tracks consumer...
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