...International political economy (IPE), also known as global political economy, is an academic discipline within the social sciences that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. As an interdisciplinary field it draws on many distinct academic schools, most notably political science and economics, but also sociology, history, and cultural studies. The academic boundaries of IPE are flexible, and along with acceptable epistemologies are the subject of robust debate. This debate is essentially framed by the discipline's status as a new and interdisciplinary field of study. Despite such disagreements, most scholars can concur that IPE ultimately is concerned with the ways in which political forces (states, institutions, individual actors, etc.) shape the systems through which economic interactions are expressed, and conversely the effect that economic interactions (including the power of collective markets and individuals acting both within and outside them) have upon political structures and outcomes. IPE scholars are at the center of the debate and research surrounding globalization, both in the popular and academic spheres. Other topics that command substantial attention among IPE scholars are international trade (with particular attention to the politics surrounding trade deals, but also significant work examining the results of trade deals), development, the relationship between democracy and markets, international finance, global markets, multi-state...
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...nternational political economy (IPE), also known as global political economy, is an academic discipline within the social sciences that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. As an interdisciplinary field it draws on many distinct academic schools, most notably political science and economics, but also sociology, history, and cultural studies. The academic boundaries of IPE are flexible, and along with acceptable epistemologies are the subject of robust debate. This debate is essentially framed by the discipline's status as a new and interdisciplinary field of study. Despite such disagreements, most scholars can concur that IPE ultimately is concerned with the ways in which political forces (states, institutions, individual actors, etc.) shape the systems through which economic interactions are expressed, and conversely the effect that economic interactions (including the power of collective markets and individuals acting both within and outside them) have upon political structures and outcomes. IPE scholars are at the center of the debate and research surrounding globalization, both in the popular and academic spheres. Other topics that command substantial attention among IPE scholars are international trade (with particular attention to the politics surrounding trade deals, but also significant work examining the results of trade deals), development, the relationship between democracy and markets, international finance, global markets, multi-state...
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...In the context of IPE, what is globalisation? To what extent has the authority of nation states been eroded by globalisation? Discuss with reference to any OECD country. IPE and Globalisation In order to explain globalisation in the context of International Political Economy (IPE), I will begin by discussing the frameworks that IPE uses to describe the social constructs upon which human society is based. This discussion will then extend to issues pertinent to the essay question, including the concepts of globalisation, the nation state, authority and sovereignty, and the extent to which a nation state’s participation in a globally interdependent system influences that nation state’s authority. IPE connotes a multidisciplinary method of enquiry to explain the ever-changing relationships between states, markets and societies across history and in different geographical areas. IPE includes a political dimension that accounts for the use of power by a variety of actors including individuals, domestic groups, states, international organisations, NGO’s, and transnational corporations. IPE also involves an economic dimension that deals with how scarce resources are distributed among individuals, groups and nation-states. (Ballam and Dillman, 2011, p7) To place globalisation within the context of IPE, one must view the concept in terms of the causes and effects of the world market economy, the relationship between 2 economic and political change, and the significance...
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...Improving Perspectives of International Political Economy International Political Economy is a collection of aspects from economics, political science, sociology, history and some philosophy. With information coming from multiple sources there are bound to be numerous different perspectives of IPE. The three most common and well known perspectives examined will be liberalism, mercantilism and historical structuralism. Being that these are the three most accepted perspectives suggests that the majority of the views within these theories are strengths. However, with so much information, there are bound to be weaknesses and flaws found within these theories as well. There are always ways to improve on these the weaknesses and theories in general. International Political Economy deals with three main approaches: liberalism, historical structuralism and mercantilism. Each theory has its own strengths and weaknesses, but the way to improve them all is not to fix each individual weakness but to combine the strengths of all the perspectives into to create an entirely new theory. Liberalism is often described as the IPE perspective that focuses on the individual and the primacy of freedom or liberty in the book “Introduction to International Political Economy” by David Balaam and Michael Veseth. Individual freedom and capitalism are the overarching ideas found within the idea of liberalism. Capitalism is commonly referred to as a market-based economic system where free-markets...
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...What is the problem of collective action in International Trade and what is the way to solve it in Global Political Economy? The problem of collective action in international trade is a problem of “prisoners dilemma” or “free riding”. There are also two different points of view that become applicable while trying to understand this problem – a liberal view and a realist view. The liberal view believes that economics is the most important factor when it comes to international trade and if countries take collective action it will be for economic reasons. On the other hand the realist view believes that economics does not drive collective action in trade but politics does. Collective action in the context of international trade can be defined as free trade where countries do not put barriers for flow of goods and services and they work together to remove these barriers to ensure greater efficiencies. This lack of barriers is not the normal course of actions as pointed out by realists who believe that all nations act in their selfish interest and unless they are an export oriented economy with greater export than import, they will have very little incentive to remove barriers. But, it is believed by realists that if multiple countries come together the incentive to remove barriers is higher. There is always a conflict going on for national states. They want to promote free trade as everyone agrees that free trade will benefit them but they do worry about their national sovereignty...
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...predictive of the future of the Internal Political Economy or Global Political Economy (IPE or GPE). Although there are some blind spots in her theory and mode, and she was not able to predict many things. She was still able to accurately describe the four main structures, which affect structural and relational power structures thereby directly affecting IPE. * The model she proposes in this book is not based on rigid theories of international relations that give no room for debate, which are erroneously based on some preconceived assumptions. First, one must understand how the author defines certain ideas and concepts differently. According to Strange “ Firstly a great deal of social theory is no more then description” (Strange, 10, 1994). She expands with the facts are well known but are arranged in a different order or category (Strange, 10, 1994). Susan Strange’s security structure is not rigid, like most other security models and it does not dictate a set of conditions nor does it bias itself to one nation. It is not a uniquely American perspective that assumes military dominance nor is it a British Empire that demands subjugation. It is more easily applied to developing nations that lack the military might of a super power due to its assumption of conventional forces only and lack of military. She theorizes that without protection, there is no prosperity, this stops commercial trade, regular commerce, and destabilizes markets like when Russia attacked the Ukraine...
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...Hedging Jordanian Oil Purchases' Risk and Costs Using Oil Futures Contracts During 1998-2007 Dr. Asa'ad Hameed O. AL-ali ; Mohammed Murdi Al Rawad Abstract This study aims to investigate whether using futures contracts will reduce the Jordanian imported petroleum price risk and decrease the Jordanian petroleum purchases invoice. To achieve the objectives of this study, ten years-hedge simulation conducted on the real imported quantities to generate assumed comparable cases for the unhedged and hedged costs of the Jordanian monthly purchases. The study sample consisted of Jordanian monthly imported quantities of crude oil during the 1998-2007 period. Weekly spot prices of Saudi Arabian Light Crude and the daily futures prices of NYMEX Cushing Crude Oil Futures Contracts 1 (one month) and 4 (4 months) were also used. Constant cross hedge strategy conducted for hedging the Jordanian imported petroleum needs. The NYMEX Cushing Crude Oil Futures Contracts 1 and 4 employed to hedge the Saudi Arabian light crude oil over the study period as a proxy for the Jordanian petroleum purchases. The results demonstrate that the constant cross hedge strategy with the NYMEX oil futures contract 4 proved to be successful in hedging the price risk of the Jordanian imported petroleum and decreases the purchases invoice. While that of NYMEX oil futures contract 1 increases the price risk of the Jordanian imported petroleum, but at the same time decreased the purchases...
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...Chapter 3 - ''Laissez-Faire, Laissez-passer''. Liberalism suffers from something of a personality disorder. The term means different things in different contexts. In the United States today, for example, a liberal is general regarded as one who believes in an active role for the state in society such as helping the poor and funding programs to address social problems. For economic liberals (also referred to as neoliberals and sometimes as neocon1 the state should play a limited, knot constricted, role in the economy and society. In other relatives ), words, today's economic liberals have much in common with people who are usually referred to as ''conservatives'' in the United States and many other countries. ROOTS OF THE ECONOMIC LIBERAL The liberal perspective today reveals many insights about political economy that mercantilists miss or do not address. Although liberals believe that people are fundamentally self-interested, they do not see this as a disadvantage because broad areas of society are set up in such a way that competing interests can engage one another. Today's economic liberalism is rooted in reactions to important trends and events in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Fratxois Quesnay (1694-1774) led a group of French philosophers called the Physiocrats or Qs economist's. Quesnay condemned government interference in the market, holding that, with few exceptions, it brought harm to society. PERSPECTIVE For the laissez-faire world...
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...appointment TA: Kathleen Thompson Email: kthompson136@gatech.edu Political economy is the study of the role of government, politics and collective human behavior in shaping economic outcomes. This exciting field is both old and new. Political economy predates both political science and economics but only reemerged as a distinct field in the 1960s and 70s. It is concerned with understanding how political forces (broadly defined) shape and are shaped by economic ones (broadly defined). There are many research and policy-relevant questions addressed in this field: 1. What is globalization and is it really good for everyone? 2. Is free trade really the only “appropriate” means for international exchange? 3. Why are some countries or regions rich while others struggle? 4. How did the global casino of high finance emerge and what is its purpose? 5. Is economic performance the root of power or power the root of economic performance? 6. What should be the role of government in the economy? 7. Is there a best practice for government economic policy or are there many workable practices? 8. Why has Asia seemed to perform so well over the last 30 years while Europe appears to have stagnated? 9. Does a rising tide really life all boats? This is a critical class. Although I have my theoretical inclinations, I hold no sacred cows in terms of theories or approaches. Capitalism, socialism, economic liberalism, mercantilism and any other “ism” are...
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...Abraham Trading Company provides commodity exposure with an established manager who has more than 23 years of experience of systematic trading in the global commodity markets. February 2011 SUITE 2000 100 CONGRESS AVENUE AUSTIN, TX 78701 (512) 370-5234 PROFESSIONAL MONEY MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL MARKETS SINCE 1988 MOODY BUILDING SECOND & MAIN CANADIAN, TX 79014 (806) 323-8000 IMPORTANT NOTICE These materials do not constitute an offer of securities. Such an offer will only be made by means of a confidential private placement memorandum to be furnished to qualified prospective investors. This document is confidential and is intended only for the information of the person to whom it was delivered. This document is not to be reproduced or transmitted, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Abraham Trading Company. ABRAHAM TRADING COMPANY PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS WWW.ABRAHAMTRADING.COM 1 BACKGROUND OF ABRAHAM TRADING COMPANY • Salem Abraham began managing customer accounts using his systematic approach in January of 1988 and in 1990 organized Abraham Trading Company to act as a CTA for all customer accounts. • In 2005, started doing extensive research in multiple strategies. • In January 2006, became a multi-strategy firm by implementing medium term trend and long only stock strategies. • In September 2007, added mean reversion and short term momentum strategies. • Named to the Barron’s Top 100 Hedge...
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...Kat Fisher Mark Sintetos Alex Vela ECON317 Sec:0301 Chile Chile has been one of the most studied economies in recent history due to its impressive feats during global recessions. Being a small, copper export dependent economy until the 1980s, Chile often went under the radar on the global marketplace. Due to policy changes starting in 1985 and a political regime change in 1990, Chile began to thrive. Chile now boasts an economic model which encourages economic freedom, competitiveness, and investment. This model has allowed for Chile to have the highest per capita income in Latin America. Although Chile has had successes with its economy, it is still considered a developing country. Large efforts have been made for the past century to secure development. While these efforts have brought Chile closer to its goal, high inequality and a relative dependency on copper prices has made it difficult for any of these efforts to have a final impact allowing for the actual transition to developed status. This paper analyzes the timeline of Chile’s economy, focusing specifically on the period of high growth of 1985 to present day and any recessions that fell between these dates. It also aims to highlight the successes and failures of the policy reforms of the past as a way to determine what will be effective in the future for allowing Chile to achieve its goal of development. Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500’s, the Inca ruled the northern part of Chile while the Mapuche...
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...Seemingly, I will analyse the causals for this particular outcomes and distributions that indicate that globalization is creating further divergence in our world increasingly fragmented and unequal. The globalization winners – predominantly developed countries, the top 1% wealthiest demographic segments, transnational companies (TNC’s), supranational organizations amongst others – deeply embedded in the neoliberal belief that markets are the answer to global growth through trade, fostered by incentives such as low tariffs and interest rates and minimal government intervention find themselves unattached to the markedly less benefited, the losers– developing countries, especially their poorest demographic segments, the low-skilled low-wage percentage of workforce, the unemployed, the minorities, women amongst others – who in turn find themselves trapped in this zero-sum cycle where one either leads globalization or follows it – at risk of falling behind – but not either. Globalization, as most concepts in IPE and other social sciences, is a highly contested concept and encompasses a wide range of topics such as money, ideas, cultures, etc. However for the purposes of this essay we will refer to the degree of countries’ interconnectedness; more specifically we will narrow it to ‘the closer economic integration of the countries of the world through an increased flow of goods and services, capital and even labour’. Economically, we can clearly distinguish the winners and losers of...
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...deeper multilateral cooperation. | Introduction World War I proved that the governance of international relations was insufficient. The League of Nations was then created in an ambitious attempt to construct a global order. However with the outbreak of World War II instability, debt, and death surged. This created pressure to establish institutions which could facilitate international cooperation. The United Nations, General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, and the Bretton Woods institutions were created in order to bring about stability in the international political economy. “Over a time these developed into a form of global governance.” Charles Kindleberger proposed the hegemonic stability theory. He stated the reason for the Great Depression and for World War I and II was the absence of a strong leader to coordinate macroeconomic policies needed for a stable financial system. Robert Gilpin adds, there must be world hegemony to ensure world order. The leader will advance its status quo by utilizing its power to foster trade liberalization and a stable monetary system, while seeking cooperation of other states and coerce reluctant states to obey the rules of liberal international economic order. Other states will seek the leader’s assistance for economic and security interest and the leader will protect these smaller states to maintain power. The international system experienced new phenomenon. After the end of the Cold War, America rose as world hegemony and promoted...
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...FInTHE ROLE OF OIL FUTURES IN RISK MANAGEMENT From: To: Senior Management - Airlines Company November 2011 0 University of Westminster - Westminster Business School International Risk Management COURSEWORK THE ROLE OF OIL FUTURES IN RISK MANAGEMENT Student: Student ID: Course: Word count: MSc. Finance and Accounting 2557/2617 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the world today, oil is being used as the main source of energy for a lot of core industries. Due to its non-renewable characteristics and the global rising demand, oil has increased in its value, which results in many oil price crises recently. For all those industries using large amount of oil in operation, the risk of rising oil price is an extensive problem. The most efficient method to hedge against this risk is by using oil futures contracts. Because of its effectiveness, oil futures contracts are playing a key role in risk management for a number of industries including transportation and manufacturing. This report provides principal knowledge about oil futures and its role in hedging the risk of oil price volatility. A case study of US airline industry with most updated data obtained from Bloomberg system is also discussed, which suggests the effectiveness of oil futures in risk management for most airlines companies. However, in some case, the inflexible use of oil futures may create a burden in financial costs while not producing effectiveness in risk hedging. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF...
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...Letter of Transmittal March 22, 2016 Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Faculty Masters of Business Administration BRAC University Subject: Submission of project paper on “Venture Capital Firm” Dear Sir, We are pleased to present our project paper of startup of a “Venture Capital Firm” after a long and rigorous teamwork. We have tried to integrate the knowledge that you have imparted upon us into various topics in the report. This report consists of the overview of our venture capital firm “SEED”.. We hope that you would be kind enough to have your insight in our paper .We will be glad to answer any of your queries regarding the study and report. Sincerely Yours Acknowledgement At first we would like to express our gratitude to Almighty Allah who makes us able to prepare this project paper with good health and sound mind. Then we would like to express our deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to our research supervisor Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed, whose assistance and guidance was outstanding for the successful completion of this project paper. Without his help, it was impossible for us to complete this project paper. His excellent method of guiding helped us to understand this critical title easily. We also thanked him for kindly assigning us such a nice and significant title which we are always supposed to remember gratefully. Table of Content Section | Page No. | 1. Background and justification of the project | | 2. Objectives of the...
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