...Discussion Papers in Economics INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon Ray* and Sabyasachi Saha January, 2009 Discussion Paper 09-06 Centre for International Trade and Development School of International Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University India * Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon RAY ∗ Jawaharlal Nehru University, India and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India Sabyasachi SAHA Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India ∗ Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM ♣ Abstract: India’s stance at the WTO has undergone a sea change since the beginning of the Uruguay Round. This paper attempts to trace the shifting coordinates of India’s position at the WTO. By focussing on three specific areas of negotiations, namely agriculture, services and TRIPS, the paper presents a theoretical analysis of how India’s stance at the WTO has evolved over time and whether it reflects any paradigm shift. In the light of international relations theory we argue that although the coordinates of India’s stance at the WTO have shifted over time, the underlying ‘neorealist’ position adopted by India remains by and large unaltered. I. Introduction The...
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...1. Meaning of FA corporation……………..…..…………………………………..3 2. Definition of FDI………………………………..………………………………..3 3. Role of FDI………………………………………………………………………..4 4. Benefits……………………………………………..……………………………..5 5. Costs of FDI on home country…………………………………………………...6 Definition of group’s name and FDI 1.Name of the group: F.A Corporation a.Meanings: This name has a variety of meanings, which are: - We are all Forever Alone, that's the reason why you always should look for us when you need somebody to love because we are Forever and Fully Available - We are also Fascinatingly Adorable, Fantastically Amazing b.Connection to the subject: - The name F.A refers to Financial/Foreign Aid, a very important part of International Economics, involved in International Trade as well as International Movements of Factors (which are, in this case, International Investment and International Technology Transfer), when capital and other resources flow to the less developed countries for help. 2. Definition of FDI: There are two concepts of FDI and two matching ways of measuring it. One is that FDI is a particular form of the flow of capital across international boundaries from home countries to host countries. These flows give rise to a particular form of international assets for the home countries, specifically, the value of holdings in entities, typically corporations, controlled by a home country resident or in which a home country resident holds a certain share of the...
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...TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Trade and Environment: A Resource Book © 2007 International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Regional and International Networking Group (The Ring). Trade and Environment: A Resource Book Edited by Adil Najam, Mark Halle and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz ISBN 978-1-895536-99-7 Published by International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, The Regional and International Networking Group This publication is available online at http://www.trade-environment.org http://www.iisd.org http://www.ictsd.org http://www.ring-alliance.org Cover photos from iStockphoto. Readers are encouraged to quote and reproduce this material for educational, not-for-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD, http://www.iisd.org) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and...
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...Naimat Ullah Khan Cell: 0092‐300‐3663512/ cckarachi@yahoo.com As Coordinator@ Lincoln Corner Karachi (LCK): • • • • • • Executing LCK library routines, entertaining information queries related to the United States from students, professionals, scholars, NGOs etc. Participated in different local & National workshops & demonstrated strong communication & presentation skills in business operations & marketing of LC Karachi. Initiated different projects, strengthen the communities with LCK Children Club, Kids Summer Club & LCK discussion Club. Maintain LCK‐Google Groups, social networking tools like Youtube Channel, Facebook & picasaweb web events gallery etc. Achieve assigned targets, prepared official documentation, reference catalogues, Alerts & record updates etc. Registered LC Karachi & host institution with different local & international organizations and build collaborations. Prepared thematic & inspirational programs to promote cultural diversity & share the American values with the people of Pakistan to produce harmony & friendship. Promoted & coordinated Youth Exchange & Study Program, US Education Foundation Pakistan, and Mission’s Public Affair Section. Communicate & broadcast the information to targeted audience, negotiate with organizational heads & CEOs in programs planning & delivering results. Organize Literacy oriented programs with different platforms & communities...
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...3G Mobile Licensing Policy: From GSM To IMT-2000 - A Comparative Analysis This case has been prepared by Audrey Selian , ITU. 3G Mobile Licensing Policy: GSM Case Study is part of a series of Telecommunication Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives program of the Office of the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable guidance and direction of Tim Kelly and Fabio Leite of the ITU in the development of this study. The 3G case studies program is managed by Lara Srivastava and under the direction of Ben Petrazzini . Country case studies on 3G, including Sweden, Japan, China & Hong Kong SAR, Chile, Venezuela, and Ghana can be found at . The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership or the GSM Association. TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Introduction 6 1.1 The Generations of Mobile Networks 7 2 A Look Back at GSM 10 2.1 GSM Technology 10 2.2 The History of GSM 11 2.2.1 Conference Des Administrations Europeans des Posts et Telecommunications (CEPT) 12 2.2.2 The European Commission and the Memorandum of Understanding 13 2.2.3 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 14 2.2.4 The “Frequency Band” Obstacle Course 14 2.2.5 The Conclusion of the Interstate Bargain 15 ...
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...3G Mobile Licensing Policy: From GSM To IMT-2000 - A Comparative Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Introduction 6 1.1 The Generations of Mobile Networks 7 2 A Look Back at GSM 10 2.1 GSM Technology 10 2.2 The History of GSM 11 2.2.1 Conference Des Administrations Europeans des Posts et Telecommunications (CEPT) 12 2.2.2 The European Commission and the Memorandum of Understanding 13 2.2.3 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 14 2.2.4 The “Frequency Band” Obstacle Course 14 2.2.5 The Conclusion of the Interstate Bargain 15 2.2.6 The Launch 15 2.2.7 The United States and the FCC 16 2.3 The GSM Market 16 2.3.1 The GSM Success Story 16 2.3.2 Future Market Development 17 2.4 Licensing GSM 18 2.4.1 GSM Radio Spectrum 19 3 A Look Ahead at IMT-2000 19 3.1 From GSM to IMT-2000 19 3.1.1 HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data) 22 3.1.2 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 22 3.1.3 EDGE, Enhanced Data GSM Environment 23 3.2 IMT-2000 Technology 25 3.3 The History of IMT-2000 25 3.4 Laying the Groundwork for 3G Success 27 3.4.1 Addressing the Need for 3G Spectrum Expansion 27 3.5 The 3G Market 28 3.6 3G Licensing Policies 32 3.6.1 The European Experience 33 3.6.2 The American Experience 35 3.6.3 The Asia-Pacific Experience 37 4 Comparing and Contrasting the Development of GSM and the Road to IMT-2000 37 ...
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...3G MOBILE LICENSING POLICY: FROM GSM TO IMT-2000 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS GSM Case Study This case has been prepared by Audrey Selian , ITU. 3G Mobile Licensing Policy: GSM Case Study is part of a series of Telecommunication Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives program of the Office of the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable guidance and direction of Tim Kelly and Fabio Leite of the ITU in the development of this study. The 3G case studies program is managed by Lara Srivastava and under the direction of Ben Petrazzini . Country case studies on 3G, including Sweden, Japan, China & Hong Kong SAR, Chile, Venezuela, and Ghana can be found at . The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership or the GSM Association. 2 GSM Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 2 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.1 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 The Generations of Mobile Networks................................................................................................ 7 GSM Technology.....................................
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...Indo-U.S. Relations in the Post Cold - War Period (1992-2006) By Debasish Nandi Supervisor : Dr. Abhijit Ghosh October, 2012 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the Ph.D (Arts) Degree in Political Science Department of Political Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104, West Bengal, India. Content Page No. 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgement I-II III 3. Abbreviations IV-VI 4. Chapter - 1 : Introduction 1-10 5.Chapter - 2 : Indo-U.S. Relations in the Cold War Period 11-41 6.Chapter - 3 : Indo-US Diplomatic Ties in the Post- Cold War Period 42-79 7.Chapter - 4 : Indo-U.S. Economic, Technological and Scientific Co-operation 80-131 8.Chapter - 5 : 9/11 Incident: US Attitude towards Terrorism Vis-à-vis India and Pakistan 132-169 9.Chapter - 6 : India’s Nuclear Links with the USA 170-204 10. Chapter - 7 : Conclusion 205-214 11. Select Bibliography 215-237 Preface Indo-U.S. relations constitute important and influential relations in this world politics. It influences not only the U.S.-Pakistani and the Sino-Indian relations to a great extent; ‘Indo-U.S. relations in the post-Cold War period (1992-2006)’ has been the title of the present dissertation. Beginning against the back ground of the U.S.-Pakistani Arms Assistance Agreement of 1954, the Indo-U.S. relations had witnessed many ups and down in the following years. For example, there had been flourishes...
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...International Business- Dr. R. Chandran 1. International Business: Meaning And Scope Interdependency is a natural phenomenon; nations, living beings and companies cannot totally depend on themselves. It is the major driving force for international business. Learning value: This chapter covers the essential aspects, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Definition of international business Emergence of developing nations in international business Motives of international business from companies and nations Fundamental differences between Domestic and International business Few successful organizations in Domestic & International business International business: Meaning and Scope In the post independence era, more than half-century Indian entrepreneurs concentrated on domestic operations and a surplus production was exported. The physical movement of goods, called EXPORT cannot represent International business. International business is defined as “any commercial transaction-taking place across the boundary lines of a sovereign entity”. It may take place either between countries or companies or both. Private companies involve themselves in such transactions for revenue, profit and prosperity. If governments are involved, they need to maintain their image, dependency and economic growth. Sometimes economic ties are strengthened through such transactions. These transactions include investments, physical movements of goods and services, transfer of technology and manufacturing. Today every company...
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...The Maritime Strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific Region Origins, Development and Impact HUANG, AN-HAO Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 School of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis aims to examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research...
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...Multinational companies and China: What future? Multinational companies and China: What future? Contents Preface Executive summary Introduction Chapter 1: The big picture Hope, hype and reality Justified optimism? Chapter 2: The consumption story Chapter 3: The perils of success Is it enough One strategy, or two? Is it too much? Lacoste: Who’s your benchmark? Chapter 4: Whose hubris? Suddenly uncertain Chapter 5: The invisible hand Aiming high The real issue A non-standard approach At what price? High-speed trains: A series of unfortunate events Getting on with it Chapter 6: Honour thy master The renminbi By other means Nissan: According to plan Investing in R&D Chapter 7: Gearing up to play the game Overcoming the fear factor Appendix: Survey results 2 3 6 9 10 12 13 16 16 19 20 22 23 25 28 29 30 32 32 33 34 36 38 41 42 43 44 46 48 1 Multinational companies and China: What future? Preface Multinational companies and China: What future? is an Economist Intelligence Unit report, sponsored by CICC. The EIU conducted the survey and interviews independently and wrote the report. Gaddi Tam was responsible for layout. The cover design is by Harry Harrison. The findings and views expressed here are those of the EIU alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. Many interviewees for this report have asked to remain anonymous and we have respected their wishes. We would like to thank all interviewees for their time and insights...
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...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
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...Unit One :Introduction of International Trade Law Outline Definition of ITL The Scope of ITL (调整范围) History of ITL Comparison of ITL and In. Business Law Sources of ITL( 渊源) Question How to understand the word “international law” here? What is International Law? “A rule… that has been accepted as such by the international community.” Includes :Customary international law. International treaties and agreements. General principles common to major legal systems. Public vs. Private International Law Public International Law. – Involves relationships between countries and applies “norms regarded as binding on all members of the international community” Private International Law. – Is described as conflict of laws or “domain of rights, duties, and disputes between and among persons from different places. Part I Definition 国际贸易法:调整跨越国界的货物贸易、技术贸易和服务贸易关系以及这些贸易关系有关的其他关系的法律规范和规则的总和。 (a) The body of norms and rules – Private law: governs transnational Relationships of Private Persons ( International transaction Law) e.g. the law of international sales, trade finance, licensing agreement etc. – Public law: laws that make up the legal framework within which international business takes place. e.g. the treaties of EU, GATT agreement, NAFTA (b) the scope of ITL(调整范围) Trade in goods, Trade in service,Trade in technology,other international business field Part III History of International Trade Law • Customs and usages ...
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...Freedom of Connection – Freedom of Expression: The Changing Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also...
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...Click Here For Current Affair News For UPSC,IAS,SSC, Govt. Exams http://upscportal.com/civilservices/current-affairs Free Guide for SSC General Knowledge TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. History of India and The World 2. Indian Polity and Governance 3. Geography of India and The World 4. Economy 5. General Science 6. Organisations 7. General Knowledge HISTORY OF INDIA AND THE WORLD GOVERNOR-GENERALS OF INDIA (1833–58) Lord W. Bentick (1833–35): First Governor-General of India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit. • Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of misgovernment. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836): Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (called Liberator the Press). Lord Auckland (1836–42): 1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836–42)—great blow to the prestige of the British in India. Lord Ellenborough (1842–44): Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843). Lord Hardings I (1844–48): 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) and the Treaty of Lahore 1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereighty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment. Lord Dalhousie (1848–56): Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital. • Administrative Reforms:...
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