...investments. Public support to R&D and proximity to other activities of the company explain the decision to locate R&D in the home country while considerations on the cost of employing researchers appear also to matter for firms preferring a location outside their home country, in particular in China and India. Key words: R&D internationalisation; drivers; R&D policies; EU large R&D corporations JEL code: O33 1. Introduction In the last decade, theoretical (Dunning and Narula, 1995; Kuemmerle, 1997) and empirical studies (among the others: Kuemmerle, 1999; Kumar, 2001; Von Zedwitz and Gassmann, 2002) on the internationalization of R&D have highlighted a shift from the so-called home-base exploiting to the home-base augmenting R&D strategies. Within such framework, MNEs set R&D laboratories abroad not only for adapting technologies and products developed at home to local ∗ European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3. 41092 Seville. Spain. The views expressed are purely those of the authors and may...
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...Case Study Arc Solutions Provides a centrally controlled operator center solution to Heffernan Group s o l u t i o n s The Challenges With an overall emphasis on customer service excellence, communication both internally and with customers has always been a key element to the success of the company. Whilst effective, this solution was not ideal as the company’s main aim was to ensure that all customers were dealt with personally by the operators. Having separate telephone systems serving each site also provided challenges, with the infrastructure being inflexible and a high systems management overhead. It also meant that operators had to be deployed to cope with the incoming traffic of that particular branch office, with no capability to share the load with other offices in busier times. Heffernan therefore decided to move to a single centralized communications platform, serving all sites. They chose Cisco Unified Communications technology as it delivered the power, flexibility and reliability to serve the whole business and its customers, both now and in the future. Whilst this provided an excellent platform for unifying communications across the enterprise, Profile Heffernan Insurance Brokers, formed in 1988, is one of the largest independent insurance brokerage firms in the United States. Heffernan provides comprehensive insurance and financial services products to a wide range of businesses and individuals. Headquartered in Walnut Creek, California, Heffernan has...
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...AN ENQUIRY INTO THE BANDRA WORLI SEA LINK PROJECT The Indian People’s Tribunal on Environment and Human Rights July 2001 CONTENTS Foreword Part 1: Introduction Project Profile Objective of the Project Financial Implications Technical Features 1 3 4 4 5 6 Part 2: Illegality of the Project Norms for Environmental Compliance in India a) EIA Process in India b) Project Location c) Assessment of Alternatives d) Delineation of Mitigation Measures and EIA Report e) Public Hearing f) Monitoring the Clearance Conditions Violations of these Environmental Laws a) No Public Hearing Held b) Incomplete environmental Impact Assessment c) Project Report not Available d) CRZ Violations Due to Reclamation e) Quarrying f) Local Community not Consulted 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 12 12 13 15 15 Impact of the Project on Environment, Livelihood and Traffic a) Protected Species Endangered by Illegal Tree Felling b) Impact on the Livelihood of Local Communities c) The Impact of Additional Traffic – Congestion in South Mumbai d) Increase in Road Traffic a Source of Pollution 16 17 20 20 22 Undesirability of the Project for the City’s Well Being a) Impact due to Blockage of the Mithi River b) Financial Viability and Absence of Realistic Projections of Cost Recovery c) Problems with the Planning and Implementation of the Project 23 23 24 26 Part 3: Alternatives Part 4: Conclusions and Recommendations Part 5: Annexures Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure Annexure...
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...The need for a clinical treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) sits at the forefront of research in the psychiatric community. With its emergence as a defined disorder, rather than a label of “extreme trauma” or “shellshock,” PTSD exists as one of the more difficult psychiatric disorders to treat successfully. Although several treatments are available at the clinical level, the success rate for curing the PTSD patient remains small and pervasive. In recent years, mental health providers, through numerous studies and related experiments, concluded that PTSD patients respond most favorably to a multi-layered treatment process. With the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), drug therapy, group-based therapy and other forms of psychotherapy, patients are achieving a higher cure rate and lower rate of re-occurrence. PTSD is an anxiety disorder triggered as a result of an extreme traumatic event in a person’s life. This trauma might be the result of battle, death, abuse, or violence of any sort. The trauma can cause symptoms to manifest within a month of the event or lay dormant for a period of time, according to all definitions of PTSD. This disorder causes the traumatized to continually re-live the event, to separate from anything associated with the event, either perceived or real, and to become numbed to their normal life process. Another specific reaction to PTSD is hyperarousal, or a heightened sense of watchfulness or paranoia. These symptoms are usually...
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...716 Index major depressive disorder, brain imaging studies, 70–71 malignant catatonia, 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change...
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...stakeholders the process for uncovering, determining the scope of, and managing program uncertainties. Since risk can be associated with all aspects of a program, it is important to recognize that risk identification is part of the job of everyone and not just the program manager or systems engineer. That includes the test manager, financial manager, contracting officer, logistician, and every other team member. The purpose of this guide is to assist DoD and contractor Program Managers (PMs), program offices and Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) in effectively managing program risks during the entire acquisition process, including sustainment. This guide contains baseline information and explanations for a well-structured risk management program. The management concepts and ideas presented here encourage the use of risk-based management practices and suggest a process to address program risks without prescribing specific methods or tools. (Note: this guide does not attempt to address the requirements of DoDI 5000.1 to prevent and manage Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) hazards. The reader should refer to MIL STD 882D, Standard Practice for System Safety, for guidance regarding ESOH hazards). Since this is a guide, the information presented within is not mandatory to follow, but PMs are encouraged to...
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...opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of the Institute of Education Sciences, or the U.S. Department of Education. T his study required the participation of all fifty states, their assessment directors, particularly those involved with the NCLB Title III assessments. Their cooperation and patience is much appreciated, and their dedication to educating young people is greatly admired. We cannot thank the states enough for their collaboration with this project. Many people generously contributed to the development of this report. We are especially indebted to the chapter authors for their invaluable contributions and for their patience throughout this process. Sue Rigney from the U.S. Department of Education contributed greatly to the quality of this work by providing excellent comments and suggestions. We are so grateful for her support, advice and contribution to this report. Kathleen Leos of the U.S. Department of Education also provided useful comments. We appreciate her support as well. We are also so grateful to Dean Harold Levine for his support, Veena Nambiar, Susan Porter, Jisel Vega, and Lisa Sullivan for their contributions to this work. Veena Nambiar (a UC Davis doctoral student) helped in this study by reading the initial version of some of the chapters of this report and by...
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...Diagnosed With Cancer? Here Are 11 Effective, Natural Strategies To Kill Your Cancer The information you need to beat cancer is here - available to you for free. You won't have to download a report or buy any book. In fact, some readers have said that this report is better than the ebooks, and they had bought every one. Here you will find information your doctor can't tell you or doesn't know - including information on one product where 51 out of 65 stage 4 cancer patients became cancer free while using it. Other readers say that this report gave them the most understandable information they found about cancer. You'll learn about the underlying causes of cancer, and what to do to counteract those causes. Effective actions to take to defeat cancer. This information applies to all types of cancer. Lung, prostate, breast, colon, ovarian, cervical, liver, pancreatic, bone, bladder, stomach, testicular, thyroid, kidney, throat, brain, mouth, uterine, esophageal, rectal and more. The fundamental causes of these cancers are the same, so the same strategies work for all of them. Thousands before you have used these strategies to beat their cancer and now live happy normal lives. They are available here at no cost to you. "In 2003 my husband was told he had a pancost tumor on his upper left lung. He began 6 weeks of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. On April 1st, 2004 he went thru a 10 hour surgery to remove the upper left lobe, parts of his ribs and the tips of the T3, T4...
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...INTRODUCTION The Estimates committee (1980-81) in 7th Lok Sabha, Ministry of Finance had recommended that government should attempt an estimate of black economy to formulate appropriate policies. The study of unaccounted income thereafter was entrusted to the National Institute Of Public Finance And Policy in July 1982 to: identify sectors generating black money, causes of such, studying the methods employed to generate black money and channels through which concealed income is invested and spent in other ways, methods employed to convert black money into white, broad estimate of money generated and to take regional or sectoral surveys required in connection with the above. The Institute submitted its report in March 1985. The focus of the paper is on methods and measurements of estimating black economy and therefore, other aspects of the report like distinguishing between black income and black wealth, giving an explanation for the causes of black economy and remedial measures etc. are not explicitly dealt with, yet these issues are kept in mind and the methods and measurements are discussed at the level best. This paper has tried to do some justification to the NIPFP REPORT (1985) and the comments by various known scholars. METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BLACK INCOME The first approach is the fiscal approach: Variants of this approach attempt to arrive at independent estimates of incomes subject to tax and compare these with the income actually assessed for taxation and call the...
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...Jurnal £kollomi Malaysia 35 (2001) 61 - 68 Interest Rate and Loan Supply: Islamic Versus Conventional Banking System Liza Marwati Mohd Yusoff Aisyah Abdul Rahman Norazlan Alias ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explore the effect of interest rate 011 loan supply of Islamic banking alld Convemional banking system. The analysis segregated the Islamic and COllvellfional banking system imo commercial bank, finance company alld merchant bank. Overnight alld 3 month Klibor are llsed as interest proxy. Unit root test, Granger Causality test, Akaike Information Criterion and Regression analysist are IIsed in the study. The results of Granger Causality test indicate that the growth of overnight Klibor ca uses changes in the growth of Islamic and Conventional loan of Mercham Banks significantly and from the regression analysis, it is confirm that Islamic and Conventional loan growth of merchant bank are significantly positive related to overnight Klibor. INTRODUCTION The additional amo}Int a borrower pays a lender, over and above the borrowed sum (principal) is commonl y called interest. This interest depends on the size of the principal and the length of time the borrower takes to repay the principal and interest. For this reason, and for computational convenience, interest is usually expressed in terms of percentage per annum and is called the rate of interest. In banks there are three players. The players are the bank, the depositor and the borrower. The depositor places...
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...Leanne: A Case Study in Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent Leanne came to the office because she stated that her depression had worsened in recentmonths and that she was feeling nervous and panicky almost daily. She is 31 years old. Leanne described her home situation as “less than ideal.” She separated from her husband two years ago and found herself barely able to meet her financial obligations of the mortgage that was onceshared and the other household bills. She noted that she was laid off about 18 months ago fromher former job and was unemployed for one year. During this time she returned to school for a Master’s degree. Leanne’s financial crisis deepened with the layoff and she was forced to sell her home and move in with her boyfriend about three months ago. She found a new job in her fieldabout six months ago, but she is making less money than she was even receiving fromunemployment benefits. Leanne describes the living arrangement as difficult. Her boyfriend’s chronically ill bestfriend also lives in the house. Leanne states that the house is too small to accommodate her belongings and she is storing things in her camper in the backyard. She misses her old housewhich was bigger and had a nice yard. She also misses her dogs that live with her ex-husband. She stated that she feels like she is “walking on eggshells” around her boyfriend all of the time because the living arrangement is only supposed to last until she finishes her Master’s degree next summer....
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...Chapter 5 Organizational Development and Change Chapter Overview The organizational development (OD) tradition is a practitioner-driven intervention-oriented approach to effecting organizational change via individual change, with view to increasing effectiveness. It is implemented within a problem-solving model, places a heavy accent on survey-based problem diagnosis and subordinates people to a vision of the future. Commitment-based strategies of effecting change assume that the impetus for change must come from the bottom up, whilst compliance-based strategies involve the creation of behavioural imperatives for change. Various ‘employee involvement’ strategies are reviewed, but there is little evidence for their effectiveness either as a means of securing commitment or enhanced performance, or as a means of leverage for change. Culture is assumed to be the primary vehicle for change within the OD tradition, although the relationship between culture and the change process is ill understood. Finally, the assumptions underpinning team development, and its implementation, are critically examined. The organizational culture literature itself is fraught with epistemological debate. Practitioners are interested in management by measurement and manipulation of culture. Theoreticians of culture, however, aim to understand the depth and complexity of culture. Unresolved issues remain regarding how to define culture, the difference between culture and climate, measurement/levels...
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...Organizational Development and Change The organizational development (OD) tradition is a practitioner-driven intervention-oriented approach to effecting organizational change via individual change, with view to increasing effectiveness. It is implemented within a problem-solving model, places a heavy accent on survey-based problem diagnosis and subordinates people to a vision of the future. Commitment-based strategies of effecting change assume that the impetus for change must come from the bottom up, whilst compliance-based strategies involve the creation of behavioural imperatives for change. Various ‘employee involvement’ strategies are reviewed, but there is little evidence for their effectiveness either as a means of securing commitment or enhanced performance, or as a means of leverage for change. Culture is assumed to be the primary vehicle for change within the OD tradition, although the relationship between culture and the change process is ill understood. Finally, the assumptions underpinning team development, and its implementation, are critically examined. The organizational culture literature itself is fraught with epistemological debate. Practitioners are interested in management by measurement and manipulation of culture. Theoreticians of culture, however, aim to understand the depth and complexity of culture. Unresolved issues remain regarding how to define culture, the difference between culture and climate, measurement/levels of analysis, and the relationship...
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...Chapter 5 Organizational Development and Change Chapter Overview The organizational development (OD) tradition is a practitioner-driven intervention-oriented approach to effecting organizational change via individual change, with view to increasing effectiveness. It is implemented within a problem-solving model, places a heavy accent on survey-based problem diagnosis and subordinates people to a vision of the future. Commitment-based strategies of effecting change assume that the impetus for change must come from the bottom up, whilst compliance-based strategies involve the creation of behavioural imperatives for change. Various ‘employee involvement’ strategies are reviewed, but there is little evidence for their effectiveness either as a means of securing commitment or enhanced performance, or as a means of leverage for change. Culture is assumed to be the primary vehicle for change within the OD tradition, although the relationship between culture and the change process is ill understood. Finally, the assumptions underpinning team development, and its implementation, are critically examined. The organizational culture literature itself is fraught with epistemological debate. Practitioners are interested in management by measurement and manipulation of culture. Theoreticians of culture, however, aim to understand the depth and complexity of culture. Unresolved issues remain regarding how to define culture, the difference between culture and climate, measurement/levels...
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...Eiteman-2 US CHAPTERS 31/7/07 4:01 PM Page 39 International Trade Finance The purpose of this chapter is to explain how international trade—exports and imports—is financed. The contents are of direct practical relevance to both domestic firms that merely import and export and to multinational firms that trade with related and unrelated entities. The chapter begins by explaining the types of trade relationships that exist. Next we explain the trade dilemma: exporters want to be paid before they export and importers do not want to pay until they receive the goods. The next section explains the benefits of the current international trade protocols. This discussion is followed by a section describing the elements of a trade transaction and the various documents that are used to facilitate the trade’s completion and financing. The next section identifies international trade risks; namely, currency risk and noncompletion risk. The following sections describe the key trade documents, including letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading. The next section summarizes the documentation of a typical trade transaction. This section is followed by a description of government programs to help finance exports, including export credit insurance and specialized banks such as the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Next, we compare the various types of short-term receivables financing and then the use of forfaiting and countertrade for longer term transactions. The mini-case...
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