...IRAN Iran is a Middle Eastern country located south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf. Located in the center of Eurasia and bordering several Middle Eastern states (Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan), Iran is about the size of Arizona Its population is 67,000,000 and the official languages spoken there are persian, turkish, kurdish, luri, balochi, & arabic. Iran has been made up of different cultures and traditions throughout its history. Despite those different influences, Iran remains a conservative Muslim theocracy. Right now Iran is the second biggest oil producer in the world and attracts a lot of investment from all over the world. Any organisation wishing to conduct business with Iran needs to understand the mixture of traditional and modern influences which impact Iranian business and social culture. Approximately 98% of the Iranian population is Muslim. Iran is a conservative society where Islamic traditions and values play an important role in everyday life. Traditions such as these also affect business, so it is important to be aware of them when doing business with Iranian colleagues. Iranians tend to have a very indirect communication style and rely heavily on nonverbal and figurative forms of speech. This is a means of lifestyle when communicating and maintaining individual honour. This aspect of Iranian culture has to be carefully considered when doing business, because a direct refusal, can be interpreted...
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...Iran is a country that is located in the Persian Gulf, Iran has a population of around 80 million, the large majority of whom (89%) are adherents of the Shi’a branch of Islam – the official religion which takes a predominant place even in politics. The real name of the country is Islamic republic of Iran and his capital Teheran. Geographically, Iran is taller than both France and Germany. Who has already heard about Iran recently? (levage de mains), why?? Good, as you may know, Iran is focus of actuality economic and politic. Through this presentation, we will answer two questions, First of all, we’ll see if Iran is key country and secondly, we’ll see the point of Iran as a threat to the peace of the world. Conflit interne Complex political strucure At the apex of the Islamic Republic’s power structure is a “Supreme Leader” who has vast formal powers and no term limits. Today it’s Ayatola Ali Khomeni. He is chosen by an elected body “the Assembly of Experts” which also has the constitutional power to remove bhim. He is responsible for “general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, which include all aspects of domestic and foreign policy. He exercises considerable authority. He controls all of the armed forces and the Islamic Republic’s intelligence and security operations. He alone can declare war and peace. Throughout (au cours) career, has consistently taken hardline stances on regional issues, particularly toward Israel, often calling it a cancerous tumor that needs...
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...IRAN OIL AND SANCTIONS MGT5A6 Issues in contemporary management Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 About Iran oil…………………………………………………………………………………………………3 About Iran Sanctions and problems…………………………………………………………….3-4 Group recommendation………………………………………………………………………………4-5 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Introduction: This report focuses on Iran national oil company and sanction regarding the atomic energy in Iran and how people in Iran dealing with this problem. About Iran oil: According to OPEC Iran comes second in the world with highest level’s of oil reserves estimated at 150 billion barrels and this is ten percent of total proven reserves in petroleum. Iran is the fourth largest producer of oil in the world and second largest after Saudi Arabia in Middle East but this was all before the sanction. Sanction against Iran and problems: Sanctions against Iran are commonly against nuclear and certain military exports to Iran and this have been affecting all Iranian people around the world. Sanction started five years ago and day by day they make it harder for Iranian people and USA and all the European countries said many times in news that we don’t have anything against Iranian people, we just want to make your government to stop nuclear progress but this didn’t effect Iranian governments but since 2011 the crises start hitting Iranian much more then before, even the price of the product’s and services increased...
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...A Glimpse into Iran Iran’s Reputation Iran is a Middle Eastern country governed by Islamic ideology and is a theocratic government. There are reports that, ‘Iran is one of the worst human trafficking violators in the world’ (Maher, 2013) and ‘is considered an origin, transit, and destination country for human trafficking’ (“Field listing:,” 2013, para. 52). “Iran is a “tier 3″ country in regards to trafficking, a status given to countries “whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so” (Panah, 2013). “The government did not share information on its anti-trafficking efforts with the international community during the reporting period; this impedes the collection of information on the country’s human trafficking problem and the government’s efforts to curb it” (“US report:,” 2013, para. 4). Victims of Trafficking ‘Men, women, and children are all victims of the human trafficking trade’ (“Field listing:,” 2013, para. 52). There are many reasons one may fall prey to human traffickers, but the global influences seem to be “poverty, unemployment, discrimination, a lack of social and economic opportunities, and global financial crises…” (“Iran calls on,” 2013, para. 3). According to Panah (2013) ‘children in Iran are the most exploited source of forced labor in the world.’ Because children are the most vulnerable human beings, they are easy prey for pedophiles as well. Many children who are trafficked will...
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...BACKGROUND PAPER ON IRAN 1. This background paper is on Iran. It discusses the geography, military, and United States of America (US) interests within Iran. 2. Iran’s geography is very unique. It is a Middle Eastern country, bordered by Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It also borders the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea.1 Iran is also in proximity of the Strait of Hormuz, a heavily traveled, narrow passageway that measures 21 miles at its narrowest point, and separates the Gulf of Oman from the Persian Gulf.2 The total land mass is 1,531,595 square kilometers, making it roughly the size of the state of Alaska, and around two and a half times larger than the state of Texas.3 Iran features a variety of terrain types, to include; mountainous, central basin with deserts, and plains. Its climate is mostly arid, but contains a subtropical zone along the coast of the Caspian Sea. It has a vast amount of natural resources, to include; petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,...
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...Basseri of Iran ANT 101 Instructor: Outline 1. Orientation 2. Tribeswomen of Iran (How are they viewed) 3. Tribesmen of Iran (how are they viewed) 4. Kinship 5. Political Organization 6. Beliefs and Values 7. Economy The Basseri of Iran is a nomadic, tent-dwelling people. They are a descendent of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and gypsy ancestors. They have different views of men and women and different roles within their society. Their beliefs and values are different from our own, and they treat their economy different then we treat our own. This essay will take an in-depth look at the beliefs and values, sickness and healing, and the political organization of the Basseri of Iran. “The Basseri are traditional pastoral nomads who inhabit the Iranian province of Fārs and migrate along the steppes and mountains near the town of Shīrāz. The Basseri are a clearly delineated group, defined—as are most groups in the area—by political rather than by ethnic or geographical criteria. In the late 1950s there were an estimated 16,000 Basseri living in Iran” (Barth, Fredrik (1961). The Basseri speak a language of Farsi, and most only know this language, but there are a few that can speak Turkish or Arabic. They live in a hot and arid climate and inhabit approximately 18,000 to 21,000 square kilometers. The roles of tribeswomen in Iran are much different from the roles of...
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...authority to interpret the constitution and determine if the laws passed by Parliament are in line with sharia, Islamic law (which means they have veto power over Parliament). Additionally, there is an Expediency Council (currently headed by Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani) who serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country. The US and Islam’s governments had numerous issues with each other in the past, and now they are gradually trying to improve their relations. The United States had long-standing concerns over Iran’s nuclear program, sponsorship of terrorism, and human rights record. The United States and the international community had imposed sanctions against Iran to in order for Iran to engage seriously in discussions with the international community and address concerns over its nuclear program and human rights abuses. Recently, on January 20th 2014, the permanent members of the UN...
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...In Iranian jails, artists, musicians and filmmakers are held as prisoners on charges of “insulting Islamic sanctities” through their work. Coordinated by Amnesty International, the #FreeArtists social media campaign recently launched to secure artists’ release. Considered the “nail in the coffin for freedom of expression in Iran,” the imprisonment of these artists was an attempt by Iranian authorities to silence what was considered sacrilegious rhetoric in their works. For most Americans, the ability to freely practice artistic expression is often taken for granted. For Muslim Americans, the opportunity for freedom of expression is taken and used to further the aims of their community. As a community, Muslims in the United States face increasing...
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...the important and bold discrepancies is freedom of expression in Iran and America, in Iran the student cannot summon their thoughts, the government has strict control over everything. But in America the students have freedom of speech and express their thoughts without fear of government oppression because of their views that may be contrary to government. Namely, American students can easily give negative comments about the president elect, who the student do not agree with. While in Iran, disagreement with the government or president can lead to jail, or cause them to lose their lives. The other discrepancy is gender segregation in Iran of male...
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...The Modernization of Women in Revolutionary Iran The Quran, Sura 4, verse 38 states, “Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another…and those you fear may be rebellious admonish; banish them to their couches, and beat them”. To develop and understand social change, it is crucial to examine the central structures and organizations within a given society. Through examining family structure, the state, and religion, geared with a specific focus on gender, a basic set of followed societal governing rules and values become apparent. Each of these societal structures are interrelated, working together to permit as well as restrict the agency of women in revolutionary Iranian society. For the development of successful social change to take place, it must arise through gender conflict, class conflict, and political action. Each social structure such as, family structure, state relations, and religion, is located within the larger context of a national structure, meaning the examples previously mentioned are subject to larger regional and global influences and changes. Due to this reasoning, it is important to examine evolving economic development and political change to understand women’s status within Iranian revolutionary societies and furthermore, their changing roles within the traditional family structure, Islam, education, and the work force. Through an analysis of class location, policy restructuring, and changing...
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...Iran: A Concise Look at Current Political and Economic Situation Yousef Langroodi - Translation by RF, Revolutionary Flowerpot Society March 12, 2011 Translation of an article from Raah-e Kargar/Workers' Path. A Concise Look at Current Political and Economic Situation by: Yousef Langroodi / March 11, 2011 A look at the current conditions in Iran makes it clear that the Islamic Republic continues to face unprecedented economic and political crises. It has not only not been able to take a step toward solving any of the problems it faces but has been spreading and deepening the dimensions of the crises with the policies it has pursued. The Islamic regime, which in previous months had been using all its capabilities to portray the anti-dictatorial movement as defeated, suddenly -- and with the advent of the protests and demonstrations on February 14 and then 20th and then the Protest Tuesdays that ensued -- saw the reality of people confronting it. On this year's Char-shanbeh-soori [ceremonies held for the last Wednesday of the year], the Islamic Republic will find out well and truly where it stands, and to what extent it has been able to control people's movement and their struggles. This Char-shanbeh-soori, which is to be held off on the last of the Protest Tuesdays of the current year [Iranian calendar, which ends March 19], will be another occasion for a nationwide opportunity for the people to shout, Death to Dictatro!, and to show this regime of Guardians...
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...1. Women's rights in Iran have for many years been a very controversial and heated topic. The way women live and are viewed by men in Iran has changed in so many ways throughout the end of the twentieth century leading into current day. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the last Shah of Iran and throughout his attempt to westernize his country he was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, on February 11th, 1979.[1] Religious rulers took over and influenced the Sharia Law, which are decisions on how to live life by studying religious texts. Ever since this change women have faced a struggle to survive in harsh conditions every day of their lives. Inequality between Iranian men and women is a major problem, even an issue due to the way women are viewed and through the eye of a man here.[2] The rights of women certainly have changed drastically since the start of the revolution, but still the daily life of an Iranian women without a doubt does not compare to that of a woman living in America.[3] Islamic women have tried to fight these discriminatory conditions, but these prevalent practices are in most cases required by the law. The laws that they are forced to go by are biased and in any outsiders opinion should be changed. After the revolution, Iran took a different turn from being a western influenced country to a being an Islamic fundamental government with strict rules led by the supreme leader Ayatollah Khomeini. Since the overthrow of...
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...The law of the Islamic Republic of Iran hinges on the state constitution called the Qanun-e Asasi which received approval after a national referendum in December 1979. As expressed in Article four of that body of law, the standards for Islamic judgment or decisions must be in accordance with the Qanun-e Assai. The Iranian House of parliament, or the Islamic Consultative Assembly, a body of law makers charged with the responsibility of drafting Islamic laws for the Islamic Republic, must only draft laws compatible with Islamic standards. Arguably, the Council of Guardians, as an Islamic watch group, has ultimate control over the Islamic laws the assembly passes. Because of the complex nature of the law that governs the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is necessary for criminal justice professionals in the United States to understand the principles of justice as related to Islamic law, its basic concepts, and the foundation on which such body of law rests. According to Mehran (2001) “Muslims agree that the establishment of an Islamic state requires the implementation of Islamic principles and laws” (p. 1). In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, and his followers made clear doctrinal justifications for unchallenged Islamic rules to guarantee strict political command and with many specified standard of authority. ‘By emphasizing communal interest in legislation and establishing an extensive institutional mechanism of legal control, the clerics gradually...
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...Comparison and Contrast between the Evolution of Democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to the Present. Name: Institution: Date: Please write on top of each of your exams its exact title as its appear below, making sure your answers are itemized (i.e., answer the points ONE BY ONE, and not combine them). ITEMIZE YOUR ANSWERS Mid Term Exam Compare and contrast the evolution of democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to present. In process of writing your exam, you must provide the following A history of democratization process in (1) Iran (two pages) Comparison and Contrast between the Evolution of Democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to the Present A History of Democratization Process in Iran Iran has had some important movements that lead towards democracy from the year 1900 to present. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Iran experienced protests and disagreements against the foreign intervention and Qajar. Patriotic opinions of the religious classes established a Constitutional Movement that took place from 1905 to 1911. An alliance consisting of ulama bazaaris and fellow thinkers forced Qajar Shah to pass a constitution to enact a parliament 1906. The introduction of the constitution limited the absolutist rule powers. After the discovery of oil in 1908 in Britain, Qajar Shah Position and military power weakened. Some artists were in Europe to study and master academic paintings and upon their return; they found fine arts academies (Arjomand, 2008). During the...
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...Throughout the 20th century, the Middle East was one of the predominantly influential regions in world affairs. Iran as a significant role-player in the Middle East was located between the rivalry of Great Britain and Tsarist Russia. Under the rule of the Qajar Dynasty, the formation of a European style organized army with the aid of foreign officers had been attempted in Iran but had eventually failed. In Qajari words, Iran had attempted to organize its army by French I, English I, English II, French II, Austrian and French III missions. The English supported a strong Iranian army against the Russians not only by providing monetary funds but also by sending forces. However, under Prince Abbas Mirza’s leadership, the Iranian army was defeated and damaged in the battle with Tsarist Russia. This war occurred because the Iranian army had challenged the Russians without reaching the intended order and Tsarist Russia felt threatened by a strong army around its territory. Iran had lost a significant amount of its territory by the Golestan and Turkmenchay Treaties. Furthermore, the Iranian officers sent to foreign countries had been giving weight to language learning, however, their success in military education is an arguable subject. Despite some exceptions, having been employed for various services, these officers...
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