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Nutrición en el anciano
Evaluación del estado nutricional * MNA: sirve para detectar el riesgo de mala nutrición usando preguntas y medidas antropométricas, devuelve un puntaje el cual indicará el estado de nutrición del adulto mayor * Estudio de cribado nivel I: identifica las personas que necesitan intervención nutricional preventiva * Calcula IMC e informa sobre hábitos nutricionales, ambiente y estado funcional * Estudio de cribado nivel II: contiene medidas de selección específicas como datos antropométricos, de laboratorio, uso de fármacos, manifestaciones clínicas y estado cognitivo (Mahan & Escott-Stump, 2009, p. 297)
Valoración de la nutrición * Las medidas que se usan normalmente ya no son tan precisas cuando se usa en adultos mayores ya que existen cambios físicos y metabólicos en el envejecimiento * Medir la altura puede ser difícil porque adoptan una postura encorvada, es mejor usar medida de envergadura de los brazos o altura de las rodillas para más precisión * IMC también puede alterarse por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta (Mahan & Escott-Stump, 2009, p. 299)
Necesidades nutricionales * Las necesidades nutricionales cambian porque el envejecimiento influye en la absorción, uso y excreción de los alimentos * La tasa metabólica basal disminuye con la edad por que la composición corporal cambia * Disminuye 3% por cada 10 años * Se mantienen las necesidades proteicas (15 a 20% de la energía diaria) * La absorción de proteínas disminuye por disminución de proteínas hísticas pero la ingesta se mantiene igual ya que se reduce la función renal * 45 a 65% de la energía diaria debe ser destinada a carbohidratos * Aumentar carbohidratos complejos que proporcionen fibra y micronutrientes * Se mantienen las proporciones de 20 a 35% de la energía diaria en grasa proveniente de grasas insaturadas * Menos del 7% deben ser grasas saturadas * Menos de 200mg/día de colesterol * Evitar grasas trans * Se aumentar el consumo de vitaminas y minerales considerando el consumo total de calorías * Vitamina B12, Vitamina D, Vitamina E, Folato, Calcio, Calcio, Potasio, Sodio y Cinc * Se debe tomar en cuenta el equilibrio hídrico de estos pacientes ya que son muy propensos a deshidratación por falta de ingestión, perdida de función renal o fármacos * 1500ml/día

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