...Introduction……………………………………………....………………..…...…. 4 3. Analysis…………………………………………………....…………………...…. 5 4.1 Research and innovation in the ICT environment ……………....………. 5 4.2 Human capital development in the ICT environment.……..…....……….. 7 4.3 Level of advancement of ICT networks and services.…………………… 8 4.4 Level of advancement of the IT and software industry sectors……….… 11 3.5 The role of CIOs in promoting digital economy evolution……………….. 14 4. Conclusion………………………………………………...…………………...…. 17 5. References……………………………………………....…..………………...…. 19 1. 1. Abstract This report is an analysis of digital economy evolution and the role of the CIO in the South African ICT sector, looking at the following five points: (i) Research and innovation in the ICT environment. (ii) Human capital development in the ICT environment. (iii) The level of advancement of ICT networks and services. (iv) The level of advancement of the IT and software industry sectors. (v) The role of CIOs in promoting digital economy evolution. 2. Introduction This report is an analysis of the digital economy evolution and the CIO’s in the South African ICT sector. The CIO does not have much influence in the areas of ICT such as, the ICT sector itself, research, ICT sector innovation, human capital development, ICT networks, services and software development, as these areas are controlled by the government and global multi-national organisation...
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...increased degree of interconnectedness and interdependence between people, groups and institutions based in different countries of the world. As a process of spatial outreach it is not new and has long historical antecedents (Held et al., 1999). Nonetheless it is argued in this chapter that the current process is considerably different from any previous process of outreach. One of the major differences is seen in the role that transnational corporations (TNCs) play in the globalisation process. The chapter proceeds in section 2 with an analysis of the salient characteristics of the globalisation process. The third section considers the role of TNCs in cross-border transactions. Section 4 develops the argument that the TNCs are a dominant cause of the globalisation process. Section 5 considers the wider policy implications of this perspective and the last section concludes. 2. Salient characteristics of globalisation The current globalisation process is characterised by both qualitative and quantitative aspects and it differs from previous outreach processes in many of these aspects. The process is cumulative and thus the various aspects and mechanisms reinforce each other. Among the qualitative aspects of globalisation the following play an important part: l l l l Breadth of change. The changes now involve a variety of fields or ‘domains’ (Held et al., 1999) ranging...
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...theory– This involves when an older person withdraws themselves from involvement in social interaction.The disengagement theory states that as you get older you naturally withdraw from others. Sometimes it can happen because as you get older you have less opportuinities to do things such as go out and socialise. Also another reason people disengage is because they cannot physically go out and do things due to their health. People tend to not only engage less with friends and distant relatives and more with closer relatives. Older people start to become more individualised and less bothered by the expectations of others and how they think or feel about them. In 1961 Cumming and Henry, two theorists that brought forward this theory both argued that it was and important process for older people to go through and that it was a natural part of ageing. They believed that as people grow older they start to withdraw due to the less opportuinities that they can take part in. In 1974 Bromley accepted this theory and believed that even if someone tries to fight the process of disengagement it is bound to happen at some point whether it is earlier or later on in their lives. He also said that people disengage because they do not have the physical and mental resources they had when they were younger. He believed that disengagement could happen because of many reasons such as… ill health- They may be very ill and not able to go out and do the things that they usually did when they were younger...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become...
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...Antiretroviral Therapy ARVs Antiretrovirals BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCC Behaviour Change Communication CFSC Communication for Social Change CSO Civil Society Organisation DFID Department for International Development FAO UN Food and Agricultural Organisation FBOs Faith Based Organisations FHI Family Health International GFATM Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria HDR Human Development Report HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICTs Information and communication technologies IEC Information, Education and Communication MAP Multi-country AIDS Programme MDGs Millennium Development Goals NGO Non-governmental Organisation PLWHA People living with HIV and AIDS PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TAC Treatment Action Campaign UNAIDS Joint UN Programme on HIV and AIDS UNESCO UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation USAID United States Agency for International Development VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In developing countries, preventable diseases and premature deaths still inflict a high toll. Inequity of access to basic health services affects distinct regions, communities, and social groups. Under-financing of the health sector in most countries has led to quantitative and qualitative deficiencies in service delivery and to growing...
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...ICTs for Better Marketing of Agricultural Produce in Bangladesh 1. Introduction Agriculture is the most important sector in the economy of Bangladesh. As the largest private enterprise, agriculture contributes about 21% of the GDP, sustains the livelihood of about 52% of the labour force and remains a major supplier of raw materials for agro-based industries in Bangladesh [1]. The rural economy of Bangladesh is transforming, the specific manifestation is non-farm economy is flourishing. Out of 80% of total population living in rural areas, 46% are employed in the non-farm sector [2]. In Bangladesh, the alarming trend is that income share of lower tier people has decreased, widening gap between the richest and poorest [3]. According to PRSP, 2005, agriculture must grow yearly by at least 4-4.5%. It is apparently possible through increasing agricultural productivity based on modern agricultural technology and a supply chain linking farmers with consumers in the domestic and global markets [1]. In a market economy framework, access to information is crucial in terms of having access to market and getting price advantage in the production process. Unfortunately, there is no separate market for the poor producers of goods and services. Accordingly, access to information may drastically change the situation in favor of the poor producers within and outside the country. Country like Bangladesh where most of its population live in villages and depend on agriculture as their main occupation...
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...stored, shared, and used. Today, powerful, affordable and diverse devices, together with expanding broadband networks, create a powerful opportunity for connectivity for individuals and communities. Over the past two decades, rapid advances in software, IT services, and communications have enabled many traditionally separate and disparate infrastructures and business operations to become more connected. Through this connectivity virtually every aspect of society has experienced a transformation. Businesses and governments have been able to manage and streamline their operations. Individuals have been offered ready access to multiple sources of information thereby expanding knowledge and choice. Across every field of endeavour – commercial, social, scientific and philanthropic – the power of information has been increased and the transaction costs of engagement have been lowered. Our broad reliance on software, services, and communications, along with the benefits they offer, has naturally attracted the malevolent interest of terrorists, criminals, and other sophisticated attackers. To address this threat requires unprecedented cooperation and constant effective action by technology vendors, governments, businesses, and consumers. Drawing upon work with global partners, coupled with more...
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...context of information security Dear delegates, After reading your position papers, we made a summary as follows. Please read it and may it help you. Country Name Argentina Basic Position Argentina is focusing on cracking down the ill-using of ICTs. Past Actions Reached a ‘Tunisia commitment’ with many countries to make the commitment in advancing the development of information technology and accelerate the national exchange. Proposed Solutions (1) Introduce a law named" Information security law "to promote the protection of the domestic information security. (2) Call upon national institutions and social organizations to corporate to promote the maintenance of information security. (3) Call for regional organization to implement technology exchange. (1) Normalize laws and standards on cyber perpetration and ICT intelligence use and supply. (2) Promote a comprehensive collaboration framework based on critical regional cyber security organizations. (3) Elaborate common terms and definitions and exchange national views on the use of ICTs in conflict for the sake of confidence-building. Australia Australian government calls for international collaboration to cope with information perpetration and to establish constricting norms on the state use of ICT, relieving international instability and enhancing the freedom of information. Communication and cooperation among (1) Committed $125.8 million to cyber safety measures. (2) Cyber Security Strategy was ensued; (3) Completed the...
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...had experience. Globalization may be thought of initially as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual. Globalization is a situation explaining a process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade (Wikipedia). Meanwhile, Palmer (2002) defines globalization as "the elimination of state-enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result”. Professor Madya Dr. Zaid Ahmad stated that, globalization is a recently emerging fashionable expression that carries several connotations. There are those who have used it to express what they argue as new phenomenon enveloping societies the world over. Generally, globalization involves three distinct processes such as the distantless, borderlessness and interconnectedness of nation-states Society always arguing about a process which is naturally unstoppable. Either unprepared for it or against it, they will simply engulfed by phenomenon. They also tend to succumb the argument of the former even they are on the side of global social phenomenon. Even though a society group which is majority tend to succumb, but still got another group called minority are more positively about the role that affected...
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...Selected papers from the 9 UN roundtable on communication for development COMMUNICATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT th COMMUNICATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT th Selected papers from the 9 UN roundtable on communication for development Research and Extension Division Natural Resources Management and Environment Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-105883-1 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission...
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...Consultation Paper No 3/2011 TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA Consultation Paper On Green Telecommunications 3rd February, 2011 Mahanagar Doorsanchar Bhawan Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg New Delhi-110002 Preface Operation of telecommunications networks requires electrical power. The expense on energy accounts for a significant share of the operational cost of these networks. This is particularly so in the rural areas where availability of power is uncertain. The use of diesel generators to ensure continuous power supply has the disadvantage of increasing the greenhouse gas emission and consequent enlargement of the carbon footprint which has a deleterious impact on the environment. While contribution of the telecommunications sector to the global carbon footprint is low compared to other sectors like transportation and construction, it nevertheless contributes a noteworthy share and increasingly so with growing reach of the telecommunications network. Efforts are afoot, all over the world, to find measures to deal with this issue. As the second largest and fastest growing market in the world, there is need for India to be conscious of the concerns in this regard. Besides, as a country heavily dependent on import of petroleum products while being abundant in renewable energy sources there is scope for innovative measures towards making telecommunications green. It is in this regard that TRAI believes that this is an opportune time to discuss the related issues...
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...1990s makes it an attractive medium for communicating the fraud, enabling a worldwide reach.”1 Advance Fee Fraud gets its name from the fact that an investor is asked to pay a fee 2 up front or in advance of receiving any proceeds, money etc. These types of scams are not unique to Jamaica and in fact have existed in other parts of the world for some time, as evident from the signature by member and non-member States of the Council of Europe of the Convention on Cybercrime in Budapest, on 23 November 2001, long before this became a major issue for Jamaica. In 1999, the Jamaican Government initiated the liberalization of the telecommunications industry with full liberalization taking effect in March 2003. Since then there has been a burgeoning ICT sector in Jamaica, especially in St. James where there has been significant investment in infrastructure, such as the Barnet Tech Park which according to Jamaica Promotions Corporation (JAMPRO), accounts for approximately US$350 million of investment. The growth of call centres has not only been a source of employment for many young persons in St. James and neighbouring parishes...
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...AMALGAMATED TELECOM HOLDINGS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 2nd Floor Harbour Front Rodwell Road | Suva | Fiji Islands +679 330 8700 +679 330 8044 | AMALGAMATED TELECOM HOLDINGS LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 2nd Floor Harbour Front Rodwell Road | Suva | Fiji Islands +679 330 8700 +679 330 8044 | 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Trends and ratios calculated for the historical years 2006-2010 has been fluctuating, indicating effects of elements such as global recession, devaluation of currency, political situation, slow economic growth and competition. A thorough analysis was done on the internal and external factors and duly taken into consideration when forecasting numbers for 2011 - 2015. For comparison, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to show the company performances during good times and bad times. Telstra Corporation Limited is taken as a benchmark due to its huge success in Australia. The trends show very positive results indicating management efficiency, asset efficiency and operations efficiency. ATH beta was calculated against the STRI values of the market and ATH. This was then used to determine WACC of the company. Beta was found to be 0.6 indicating ATH’s lower risk portfolio compared to the market. Required rate of return was calculated to be 9%. A discount factor of 7% was obtained, as the company has about 1:1 debt to equity funding. Some strategies used to arrive at forecast numbers...
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...to adopt health-related ICT? Tsipi Heart ∗ , Efrat Kalderon Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel a r t i c l e Article history: i n f o a b s t r a c t Background: : The proportion of older adults in the population is steadily increasing, causing healthcare costs to rise dramatically. This situation calls for the implementation of healthrelated information and communication technologies (ICT) to assist in providing more costeffective healthcare to the elderly. In order for such a measure to succeed, older adults must be prepared to adopt these technologies. Prior research shows, however, that this population lags behind in ICT adoption, although some believe that this is a temporary phenomenon that will soon change. Objectives: : To assess use by older adults of technology in general and ICT in particular, in order to evaluate their readiness to adopt health-related ICT. Method: : We employed the questionnaire used by Selwyn et al. in 2000 in the UK, as well as a survey instrument used by Morris and Venkatesh, to examine the validity of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the context of computer use by older employees. 123 respondents answered the questions via face-to-face interviews, 63 from the US and 60 from Israel. SPSS 17.0 was used for the data analysis. Results: : The results show that although there has been some increase in adoption of modern technologies, including ICT, most of the barriers found...
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...WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN IN NIGERIA Olubunmi Aderemi Sokefun Abstract This paper discusses the document on women in Nigeria (National Policy on Women). Several past administrations in this country have treated women issues and affairs with calculated levity: Carefully side - tracking or blatantly refusing to accord it the necessary attention. It is now a thing to gladden the hearts of all women of Nigeria that, "after four attempts by four former heads of Nigeria's Government," Chief Obasanjo's administration finally granted government recognition to women's issues in this country. The official document .on Human Rights' issues as it relates to Nigerian women; this document is known as the NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN. This paper therefore focuses on the document which promises to bring delight to the heart of every woman in this country. Introduction When late Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome Kuti joined the vanguard team as the only nationalist and activist during the early struggle for Nigerian independence, hardly did .anybody realize then that she had a dream, a clear vision of a future Nigerian woman, that vision was crystal clear in her heart, and like a pivot, it stood firmly on three stand posts-known today as women's rights, women emancipation and women empowerment.. . Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti later joined by some educated women of like minds, fought daringly and relentlessly for these three .pivotal goals of women emergency and relevance in the socio-political...
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