...the existence of different ethical approaches. A stakeholder is an individual or a group of individuals that affect or can be affected by corporate activity. Stakeholders are often loose grouping of factors that may be brought together and stirred into action by some specific circumstances as an example Shell and the kidnappings in Nigeria where militant groups have been kidnapping workers from oil companies in exchange of jobs. The key issue in this case is poverty and the lack of jobs in the region. Individuals who have been affected by this phenomenon created groups against the government policies and how the country is run. This stakeholder (militant groups) argue that the distribution of revenue from oil related activities is not fair, in the other hand the money made is been used to develop other part of the country while the area where the oil is exploited remains in poverty. Oil extraction activities are highly pollutant; it has affected the lives of fisherman and farmers. GlaxoSmithKline and Developing Country Access to Essential Medicines is a perfect example of how society is the most important stakeholder and when there is a big issue affecting or threating lives of millions of people you have to get the best outcome for a big portion of society. The key issue is the access of essential medicine in least developed countries (LDC). When HVI was discovered in 1970 companies created medicine for this immune disorder but at really...
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...to, most of us would agree that the value of a human life would be in the millions. Consistent with the foundations of our democracy and our frequently professed belief in the inherent dignity of human beings, we would also agree that all humans are created equal, at least to the extent of denying that differences of sex, ethnicity, nationality and place of residence change the value of a human life. Q. and A. Peter Singer answers readers' questions on the ethics of billionaire spending and philanthropy. With Christmas approaching, and Americans writing checks to their favorite charities, it’s a good time to ask how these two beliefs — that a human life, if it can be priced at all, is worth millions, and that the factors I have mentioned do not alter the value of a human life — square with our actions. Perhaps this year such questions lurk beneath the surface of more family discussions than usual, for it has been an extraordinary year for philanthropy, especially philanthropy to fight global poverty. For Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, the ideal of valuing all human life equally began to jar against reality some years ago, when he read an article about diseases in the developing world and came across the statistic that half a million children die every year from rotavirus, the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. He had never heard of rotavirus. “How could I never have heard of something that kills half a million children every year?” he asked himself...
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...OKE STEPHEN SSP12/13/H/0831 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is typically described as self-regulation that is part of a corporation's business model and strategic plan. In a perfect world, CSR means that a business monitors itself to make sure it adheres to legal, ethical, environmental, and international standards across its operations. The more visible aspect of CSR is a corporation's willingness to promote and support community, national, and global causes. Corporations do this through corporate philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and sponsorships. CSR aspires to honor people, planet, profits...in that order. Corporate initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on the environment and impact on social welfare. The term generally applies to company efforts that go beyond what may be required by regulators or environmental protection groups. Corporate social responsibility may also be referred to as "corporate citizenship" and can involve incurring short-term costs that do not provide an immediate financial benefit to the company, but instead promote positive social and environmental change. Companies have a lot of power in the community and in the national economy. They control a lot of assets, and may have billions in cash at their disposal for socially conscious investments and programs. Some companies may engage in "greenwashing", or feigning interest in corporate responsibility, but many large...
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...girls are easy to get with, sleep with whatever, they’re all bitchy, all they care about is themselves, and they only hang out with their sisters. Those are some of the stereotypes that we have but none of them are true, I’ve been around them for multiple years and I know plenty of them and enough of them to know that those aren’t true and it’s not fair for them to have people think about them like that. What are some stereotypes that you’ve heard about fraternity guys and sorority girls? I mean I did just touch on sorority girls, people say that they’re bitchy, they’re easy to sleep with, all they do is hang out with all their sisters, and they don’t care about anyone else or support anyone else and obviously none of...
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...Carroll, Archie B. The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, Business Horizons, July-August 1991 For the better part of 30 years now, corporate executives have struggled with the issue of the firm’s responsibility to its society. Early on it was argued by some that the corporation' sole responsibility was to provide a maximum financial return to s shareholders. It became quickly apparent to everyone, however, that this pursuit of financial gain had to rake place within the laws of the land. Though social activist groups and others throughout the 1960s advocated a broader notion of corporate responsibility, it was not until the significant social legislation of the early 1970s that this message became indelibly clear as a result of the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Consumer Product Safety" Commission (CPSC). These new governmental bodies established that national public policy now officially recognized the environment. employees, and consumers to be significant and legitimate stakeholders of business. From that time on, corporate executives have had to wrestle with how they balance their commitments to the corporation' owners with their s obligations to an ever-broadening group of stakeholders who claim both legal and ethical rights. This article will explore the nature...
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...free-markets. Drawing his ideologies from his observations during the Industrial Revolution, Marx realized that social inequality existed between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Thus, his solution in eradicating this inequality came in the form of replacing capitalism with socialism. During the time of the Gilded Age, Andrew Carnegie established himself as a formidable industrialist. Under Carnegie, the American steel industry saw a massive expansion by the end of the 19th century. It is important to note that while Carnegie took full advantage of the capitalist system in the United States, he pioneered the responsibility of philanthropy in order to not only improve one’s own life, but society as a whole. Although Smith, Marx, and Carnegie had differing views and opinions regarding the ideal economic and social system; from laissez-faire to socialism to philanthropy, all efforts will inevitably result in some form of social injustice. Adam Smith’s ideologies on capitalism can be traced back to 1776, the year in which he published The Wealth of Nations. In this piece of work, which is considered “the most comprehensive exposition of economic liberalism,” (Weber, 23) Smith discusses the benefits of a laissez-faire system. The most prevalent components of this free-market economy include the division of labor and productivity. Smith ties these concepts together in order to present the theory of the “invisible-hand,” which reflects his views on supply and demand. The “invisible-hand”...
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...1. Nike: From Sweatshops to Leadership in Employment Practices 2. Starbuck’ mission: Social responsibility and brand strength 3. New Belgium Breweries: Ethical and Environmental Responsibilities You will be required to answer to the end of case questions. I expect personal opinion, don’t try to copy from a template somewhere Test 2: StarBuck Case 2 Starbucks’ Mission: Social Responsibility and Brand Strength Case Notes for Instructors: Students will likely have strong opinions regarding Starbucks. Many may be committed patrons who view Starbucks as a socially responsible company committed to green practices and free-trade coffee. Others might dislike Starbucks because it is a large chain that pushes out smaller local competitors. Another possible reason students may be opposed to Starbucks are its prices, which are higher than many of its competitors. Starbucks seems to be able to justify its higher prices because the company sells more than just coffee—it sells an experience. Starbucks patrons can order specialty drinks and hang out in what founder Howard Schultz envisioned to be the “third place” to be after home and work. Love it or hate it, Starbucks has been very successful at branding. Starbucks has had a profound influence on the U.S. coffee market. Before Starbucks came onto the scene, people perceived coffee as an uninteresting product largely consumed by older people in the United States. It did not have the “cool” factor or the cache that it does...
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...Reebok disputes sweatshop claims A News item from Business Respect, Issue Number 85, dated 22 Jul 2005 Reebok has described as 'inaccurate and unfair' accusations by the National Labor Committee that workers at its Honduras factory work in sweatshop condictions. The NLC said that Reebok paid only 19 cents to workers for each $75 jersey produced and suffered other treatment such as required pregnancy testing for women workers, and sought to draw attention to its claims through a demonstration outside the National Basketball Association store in New York. The company said in a statement that it would take further steps to assess workplace conditions at its Hansoll factory, but that it believed the claims were unjustified. The exchange comes as Nike and Gap have recently produced social and environmental reports giving new levels of frank disclosure around problems in the companies' supply chains. Posts Tagged ‘reebok’ Nike Just Did It. What Are Timberland, Adidas, Reebok and Clarks Waiting For? Friday, August 7th, 2009 Soon after we released our “Slaughtering the Amazon” report, Nike got in touch with us. The report showed that demand for shoe leather is one of the key drivers of deforestation in the Amazon, as rainforest is cleared to make room for the expanding cattle ranching industry. So Nike was keen to make sure that their business wasn’t contributing to Amazon destruction. Over the last few weeks we’ve been working with the company, and the good news is that...
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...combat these negative associations; utilization of Vertical Integration, Sweat Shop Free and 100% Made in USA. Vertical Integration allows for AA to know exactly who makes, and how they make it for every input in the manufacturing process. This means that the business is consolidated and every decision comes from the same place allowing for autonomy across business segments. “In the past decades, it has become the norm amongst the majority of US apparel companies to move their manufacturing operations abroad to third party vendors. American Apparel has kept it local. We are vertically integrated, and operate the largest apparel manufacturing facility in North America, right in Downtown LA. Though it's not the easy road to travel, this has always been our business model.” ("Vertical Integration") As outlined on the website, American Apparel prides itself on not leveraging sweat-shops in efforts of higher profit margins. Instead of exploiting a poor country for its low cost labour, American Apparel utilizes thousands of American workers making a competitive wage with benefits. American Apparel believes that this is actually a competitive advantage because of the amount of people who would associate with the importance of USA made clothing. “Thousands of indutrial workers making our clothing at our state-of-the-art...
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...Goals: by 2015, it is expected that 40 percent of Developing countrie’s children will remain undernourished, and Developing countries will have progressed only halfway toward its goals for decreasing infant mortality. Inequality, poor public health, and environmental degradation will increasingly constrain their economic growth. Corporations play a critical role in achieving inclusive growth. Government is often seen as the answer to society’s problems, but spending by the Government of Developing countries alone will likely be insufficient to address these critical issues. governments can encourage contributions from the private sector by passing legislation and using its purchasing power to create a supportive, enabling environment. Philanthropy can also help catalyze change, but charity has a limited ability to sustainably achieve scale. The private sector, however, possesses skills and technologies necessary for innovation, and excels at developing sustainable solutions to identified needs and taking such solutions to scale. Creating shared value is more effective than traditional approaches. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been the primary mechanism by which Developing countrie’s companies have contributed to societal development. Domestic corporations have long believed that...
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...Southern New Hampshire University Muad Elmuntasar OL- 690 Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility October 2, 2012 Pr. Katrina Kerr The definition of corporate social responsibility Introduction The corporate social responsibility ( CSR) seems to be came in the beginning of the millennium after so many wrong actions in past decades. May be, after the shock of scandals business such as Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat, also with the effect of weather change on the environment, all in consider have make many companies and organizations to rethink about their responsibilities towards their customers and stakeholders. Nowadays, business suggested that CSR is a normative, has different levels of concepts, which definition depends on many different of views and relationships, and changes in response to social directions (Silberhorn & Warren, 2007) . This study will examine how CSR is defined from different perspectives. There are different businesses see CSR from different concepts, they have their own trends. By looking at statement of missions of large companies publish on their web sites, we will find it explores their social responsibility and there view for their nation. Some businesses see CSR is about making profit. Unlike others businesses, attempt to do more than to make a profit (Struijk, 2012). Despite the fact that the main responsibility of a firm is to make a profit, in order to provide a product or excellent service that people are looking for. For...
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...jcc17welford.qx 5/4/05 4:43 pm Page 33 Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe, North America and Asia 2004 Survey Results Richard Welford University of Hong Kong, China This paper builds on previous work of the author in assessing policies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) based on 20 elements. The elements are based on international conventions, codes of conduct and industry best practice. In a second survey of current priorities for CSR among large listed companies, the paper examines the written policies of companies in 15 countries in Europe, North America and Asia. The second survey demonstrates an increased emphasis on ethics, bribery and corruption and increased policies among companies on child labour compared with the first survey. It shows that one cannot assume that Asian countries are less developed than their Western counterparts and points to a growing trend of CSR in Japan, in particular. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that there is a link between the development of CSR and the economic development of countries and that many CSR policies are based on localised issues and cultural traditions at a country level. Supply chain aspects of CSR are growing in importance, particularly among countries with a strong trading tradition. G Corporate social responsibility G Accountability G Citizenship G Europe G North America G Asia JCC 17 Spring 2005 u Corporate Environmental Governance Programme, Centre of Urban...
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...Introduction 3 2. History and Evolution of Sport 3 3. What is the Ethos of Sport? 4 4. Positive and Negative Influences of Money in Sport and an Evaluation of their Impact on its Ethos 5 4.1 Doping: 5 4.2 Throwing Matches/ Match Fixing: 6 4.3 Other Factors Contributing to Unethical Behaviour in Sport 7 4.4 Sportsmanship vs. Gamesmanship 8 4.5 The Money in Barclays Premier League 9 4.5.1 Stadium naming rights 10 4.5.2 Transfers and Individual Sponsorships 10 4.6 Philanthropy 11 5. Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 1. Introduction Money is, undoubtedly, evident in every aspect of professional sport. Player sponsorships and contracts, team ownership, stadia, media - its everywhere. If sport was not about the game, then arguably, sport would be about the money. Each and every week, transfers of players are made, ticket offices receive income, and money is handed from one profiteering person to the next. Where sport is widely thought to be about fair play, professional sport is, in fact, like war. There can only be one winner and what one team or individual gains, the other loses. Many sportsmen and women around the world are caught up with winning, not just because of the prowess of a title but, also because professionalism is now about money and winning is a means to an end - a financial end. There are demands for higher standards of performance by coaches, managers, media, sponsors and fans. These demands can bring about negative consequences...
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...the affect that WM has on local businesses and if they have any responsibility to them. The case study further describes WM’s ability to focus its muscle on social concerns, such as the “buy America” or “environmental campaigns” that were popular during the 1990s. The third major issue was WM’s focus on the global community and the impact that it can have on other countries. Carrol & Buchholtz (2006) best describes four specific categories for corporate social responsibility (CSR): economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. Economic responsibility is another term that a corporation describes its CSR. The root of CSR is to manufacture a good or service for consumers and sell these products legally, ethically and at a fair price. These products will generate profits to stockholders and lead to growth of the corporation. Legal responsibility is a way in which the corporation fulfills a social contract. This means by following the laws and ethical practices in which it is organized to operate. Society and lawmakers ensure the compliance of all applicable laws and if the corporation does not agree with the applicable laws, they have the ability to voice their opinions through the political process. Ethical responsibilities are the means in which a corporation conducts its business. These practices are not found within the confines of a...
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...Responsibility 1.“Being a good corporate citizen means treating all of a company’s stakeholders (and the natural environment) with dignity and respect, being aware of the company’s impacts on stakeholders; working collaboratively with them when appropriate to achieve mutually desired results”. 2.“the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life”. “corporate citizenship is about the contribution a company makes to society through its core business activities, its social investment and philanthropy programmes, and its engagement in public policy” Characteristics of social responsibitlity 1. Ethical business behavior. The company is guided by rigorous ethical standards in all of its business dealings. 1) Engages in fair and honest business practices in its relationships with stakeholders. 2) Sets high standards of behavior for all employees. 3) Exercises ethical oversight at the executive and board levels. 2. 2. Stakeholder commitment. The company is managed for the benefit of all stakeholders: community, consumers, employees, investors, and suppliers. 4) The company is well-managed for all stakeholders. 5) Initiates and engages in genuine dialogue with stakeholders. 6) Values and implements disclosure. 7) Fosters a reciprocal relationship between the corporation and community. 8) Invests in the communities in which it operates. 9)...
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