... CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP AND CONGLOMERATION AFFECTING MEDIA PLURALISM AND MEDIA ECONOMCS IN MALAYSIA. Media ownership occurs mostly in developed countries around the world, whereby lesser individuals or organizations regulate the shares of the mass media (McEwan, 2007). The concentration of media ownership and conglomeration has said to alter the truthfulness of media delivering information to people. In the United States, there are eight major corporations that controls the broadcast and cable networks (Steiner, 2015). Among the corporations are News Corporation, The Walt Disney Company, National Amusements, Comcast, Time Warner, Discovery Communications, E. W. Scripps Company, and Cablevision. The scenario is criticized to affect media pluralism and media economics. In 2012, a global performance-management consulting company, Gallup, Inc. has conducted a poll on American trust in the mass media. The result shows that the American distrust in the mass media had increased, with 60% of the respondents saying “have little or no trust in the mass media to report the news fully, accurately, and fairly” (Morales, 2012). According to Valcke, Sukosd, & Picard (2016), media pluralism is derived from the word ‘plural’, which defined as an unclear measurable concept indicating the existence of diversity, and plurality itself shows a state of being various. Media pluralism therefore is a system where media outlets, organizations, and services are exist in a wide range...
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...William Rigney ETH 125 8/29/2013 Final Project Information about diversity in the United States that has helped me to better understand and relate to others in the past and today would be the events of 9/11. While I was serving in the Navy, we were assigned to escort and protect oil tankers in the Persian Gulf, ensuring safe passage from attacks by Iraqi forces. At the time, I did not look at Saddam Hussein as a radical Muslim, just as a dictator who was dead set on ruling his people and making them submit. After the attacks on the Twin Towers, I joined with other Americans, calling for a war on terrorism and the Muslims. I researched the Koran to see what all the hoopla was about and discovered that there are two acceptable versions, one that calls for a Jihad (holy war), and one that teaches peace among all people. I found that only a handful of Muslims are radical and believe in the Holy War, and that most want to live in peace with others. By learning this about the Muslims, I also learned that many whites in America are still biased toward other races and ethnicities. While some embrace the diversity on our country, there are still those that look down unapprovingly at other races. While I am proud of who I am, and my race, there are those that still embarrass me. According to projections by the U.S. Census Bureau, non-Hispanic whites could be a minority by 2043, due in part to the doubling of Hispanic and Asian populations. Races that are considered minorities...
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...` Diversity is an important part of American society and our history. We must learn to get along and function together as a people in order to succeed as a society. Understanding the struggles and the obstacles different races have faced throughout our history has helped me to see how much we have evolved. Even fifty years ago, American society was much less integrated than it is now. Although racism still exists in contemporary America, it is to a much lesser degree than it was back then. We have certainly come a long way as a society in terms of diversification and acceptance. Ethnic groups are the patchwork of our society. Each and every one of us has descended from ancestors of various ethnicities. Learning about the history of discrimination among several ethnic groups, I have learned that my ancestors have faced forms of discrimination as well. I now can better understand and relate to experiencing forms of prejudice or discrimination. I have also learned a few other things about my ethnic and cultural history in this class. I have learned that my two major ethnic backgrounds, German and Irish, both often share a common religion. Catholicism, in which I was raised, is a very common religion of both Irish and German people. These ethnic groups like many others continue to shape and pave the way for our future. Our society is a melting pot of many different cultures and ethnicities. One of the largest groups of people who immigrate to the United States is those who are...
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...Within culture lies language and within language is that sense of diversity. South Africa is known to be one of the countries in the continent of Africa to greatly promote diversity. Educating people of the country’s past and celebrating different cultures and ethnicities. In the new thriving and transforming South African democracy, language pluralism in the countries media is questioned. This essay will compare and contrast the language pluralism and diversity in the newspaper and radio industry in South Africa. It will also discuss the extent funding is a problem for the growth and expansion of indigenous languages in the newspaper industry. The essay will be precisely formed in this following arrangement, beginning with a brief introduction then discussion on the Critical Political and Economy theory, the concept of funding and the effect it has on language diversity in newspapers. A comparison and contrast of newspapers and radio availability will be mentioned in relation to the growth of indigenous languages in the media. Critical Political Economy is concerned with the examination of the structure within the production of media and the outcomes acquired from the availability of funding and the influence of authority (Hesmondhalgh, 2002: 31). It is characterised by being historical, holistic, and moralistic in its critique of ownership and funding concept. CPE takes what is understood as economics and centers it with an intention to understand the relation between the...
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...of religious pluralism in the United States... Christianity may still dominate the religious landscape of the United States, but religious pluralism has now become its defining feature,” (Boisi Center 2). Christianity without a doubt has had a great impact on the United States in many different aspects. The Bible has been cited before in presidential speeches numerous times. The Bible has also been used in important events, such...
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...Individual Paper In the past nine weeks Ethics 125 has taught me the concepts of diversity in the United States along with the various proportions of diversity. I researched on my own cultural identity and ways in how it may affect the relationships I have with others. I have a better understanding on the effects of discrimination and prejudice in society throughout history; based on an individual or a group regarding their culture, race, gender, religion, sexual orientation or age as well as the effects still occurring in society today. Learning what diversity is and the many dimensions of diversity such as a person’s gender, religious beliefs, race, ethnicity, and many more groups has made me realize how diversity has shaped society in the United States. I grew up learning that although a person may look or act a little differently to treat them just like anyone else with the respect like I would want to be treated. The information learned on other cultures, and their values, beliefs, morals of other groups has fascinated me as well as the history of prejudice and discrimination these different groups has had to deal with. Learning my family history was very interesting as I never really thought much about how my family came to settle in a small town in Wisconsin. By the history giving by my parents and grandparents I learned that the small town I grew up in is basically where a small group of Germans settled in when they came over to the United States. My...
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...Cultural Diversity Week Nine Final Ken Jarrell ETH/125 October, 7, 2012 Phillip Auld Cultural Diversity Week Nine Final Culture has many definitions in society it can be defined as group’s beliefs, behaviors, and other characteristics. Each culture and the way that they define themselves is what make up the values that are shared by society. Diversity simply defined is a variety of differences. A uniqueness of each cultures individual beliefs and behaviors. The United States is a nation of a most diverse culture and race of people in the world. Gaining a better understanding of the diversity in the United States can be accomplished by taking a closer look at how some of the groups of people are identified. According to, (Schaefer, 2012), there four types of minority or subordinate groups in the United States racial, ethnic, religious, and gender. Racial groups are the grouping of people that are set apart socially by their physical differences color being the most obvious. Other differences are at the mercy of what society will deem as different or obvious. Racial groups are designated more by their physical differences rather than their cultural differences. Ethnic groups are groups set apart from others because of their national origin or distinctive cultural patterns (Schaefer, 2012). Ethnic groups depend on where you are from geographically. Religious groups are associated with a religion other than the dominate religion. The Protestants outnumber the other religions...
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...Under the elite theory, policy results from a group of powerful individuals in business, the military, and government who make decisions that direct the path of government. Through their vast power and influence, along with the resources they have access to, this group - often called the "power elite" - can effectively dictate the main goals for all important government policy making , while at the same time holding a strong control over the mass media and education. The goals of the “power elite” may not always benefit the general public as much they benefit the...
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...The United States of America is made up of several different races, religions, and ethnicities, as well as men and women of different ages, and sexual orientations. This makes the United States one of the most diverse nations on earth. It is estimated between the years 2010 to 2050 minorities will increase from 36% to 54% of the population. (Schaefer, p. 4, 2012)(p.4). Immigration is the main reason for this estimate. It is estimated that in 2050, 67 million people will be immigrants and another 47 million people will be the children of immigrants. (The "Pew Research Center") (2012). While there are benefits of such a diverse nation, the United States still faces many challenges, because of prejudice and discrimination. With the rising population of immigrants, the population of people living in poverty will also rise. With the rise of people living in poverty, there will also be a rise in crime. The reason for this is, people who live in poverty have less access to high paying jobs are more likely to participate in illegal activities, such as dealing drugs to make money. Minorities and immigrants are statistically paid less than whites, for doing the same jobs. So this is what leads to poverty. The rising crime rate among minorities and immigrants also leads to the separation of families. Many children in poverty ridden neighborhoods are raised by single parents. The rising number of crimes in these neighborhoods leads to more parents, mostly men put in prison...
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...What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past? * * When looking at the information that we covered in this class what has helped me the most has been learning about the history of the problems, learning about the history of immigration and how this has molded our country into its current state and learning that we are moving always towards “one race”. This makes us closer to just being “Americans”. Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history? * I had the opportunity to not only research to find out my own heritage, but I was able to learn about the history involving my ancestors. While I knew what my heritage was prior to this I was unaware of the trials and tribulations that my people went through to not only come to America in the beginning, but also what they experienced when they arrived. Life in America was not easy for anyone, but with hard work and determination each group has made their own place in America. What will the U.S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so? * * The United States in the year 2050 will be more of the melting pot, often referred to in our society. If current trends continue, the population of the United States will rise to 438 million in 2050, from 296 million in 2005, and 82% of the increase will be due to immigrants arriving from 2005 to 2050 and their U.S...
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...ROLE OF MEDIA IN PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE Media are the storage and transmission channel or tool used to store and deliver information or data. Media are (mostly) non state actors who define themselves apart from the state and from all other societal actors (what Edmund Burke described as a “fourth estate”, distinct from government, church and electorate). While this notion of free and independent media acting on behalf of the citizen against both state and other interests is a widespread ideal, the reality of most media worldwide is complex, rapidly changing and extraordinarily diverse. Media can consist of everything from national newspapers to student magazines, global broadcasters to community radio, websites and blogs to social networks and virtual communities, citizen journalists to government mouthpieces. This briefing focuses principally on media – and to a lesser extent on linked information and technologies - at a national level within developing countries. The term media refers to several different forms of communication required to educate and make a socially aware nation. The communication forms can be radio, television, cinema, magazines, newspapers, and/or Internet-based web sites. These forms often play a varied and vital role in our society. GOVERNANCE Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. Bad governance is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all evil within our...
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...tribulations they had to endure upon arriving to this great nation. In addition, the trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of our nation while we continue to face the challenges and benefits of such a large diverse nation. More important, although the United States is a nation built on immigrants our history shows we have a long way to go in order to foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism. As a result, this course has helped me to understand how diverse our nation really is. Before taking this class, I had not really given much thought to how diverse our nation has become. However, after completing this class it has helped me in many ways to understand and properly identify not only the many races, but also the incredible uniqueness of their various cultures. According to Schaefer (2012), he stated, "In 2010, approximately 17 percent of the population was members of racial minorities, and another 16 percent or so were Hispanic" (p. 4). With this said, I did not realize how close the minority groups are to becoming the majority. Furthermore, I always grouped all Asians and Latinos together, not realizing how many different cultures exist within each minority group. More important, during Week 3 of this course we did an assignment titled "Who am I?", where I learned about the prejudice and discrimination my Father's Irish ancestors...
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...Placing the focus on one country in Africa, Kenya is a land that is still divided by tribal differences, differences that have been in place since written record itself is known about this region of the world. Death in Kenya raises a few questions, just as it does in places like Chicago, or Venice, or any small town in rural Kansas. These questions were far more involved after the death of lawyer Silvano Melea Otieno in 1986. “SM”, as the man’s name is abbreviated, was born a member of the Luo clan or tribe, but upon marriage with is wife Virginia, a Kikuyu tribe member, threw Kenya for a loop in ways he could never have imagined (Cohen; Odhiambo, 1992). The problem that was really a deep-seeded threat in this situation was a case of pluralism, or a diversity of views. An intense legal battle ensued, and through all of the laws and smoke and mirrors, Silvano Melea Otieno was finally buried in his home region of Nyamila. The laws of ethnic and traditional ties wound up victorious in this clash, even though it was widely known that Otieno and his wife lived their lives separate from society norms. SM should not have been forced to been laid to rest in Nyamila, freedom of...
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...learned in this course has helped me learn how diversity can promote more tolerance which in turn helps us to accept other cultures and their specific way of life. The point I am trying to make is that everyone is different because of the culture that they were raised in and that the differences can be helpful in strengthening the society in which we all live. It allows us to learn a new way of life which helps us grow closer to becoming a united society. If we accept and embrace the differences, we can no longer be blind to the reality of life and what is going on around us. I believe that if we use what we learn, it can increase a deeper tolerance which in turn should help decrease racism, prejudice and discrimination. The most important thing we need to do is to stop grouping people. When we place people into a certain group, this causes us to be divided. As long as we remain a nation divided, we will continue to see attacks by one group on another group instead of the solidarity that a united nation can bring. * * Although my race is Caucasian, my ethnicity is Irish/German/Polish. I could not find any information as to my ethnicity so I suppose my ancestors and I are just included as Caucasians. But, just as Hispanics are not just one group, neither are Caucasians. Caucasians are made of many ethnic and cultural backgrounds. These backgrounds do make us diverse and give each ethnic group different beliefs. I do not feel that it is fair to try to speak of...
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...Role of the News Media by Sheila Coronel Introduction In Corruption and the Watchdog Role of the News Media, Sheila Coronel presents the role of media as a watchdog to keep the government in check. Coronel also examines the actual situation of the “watchdogging” by the media including its vulnerabilities to certain factors such as globalization, deregulation, economic impact, culture and many more. She presents the scenario in a form of research in which she shares her arguments and analysis as a veteran investigative journalist. This paper will review Coronel’s research as well as her primary arguments including her policy recommendations, and will evaluate the quality of Coronel’s research, writing, and focus. Summary Coronel begins his paper by reviewing the general premise of media as a watchdog of the society in monitoring government and exposing its excesses. She presents evidences on the retraction of this role around the world thanks to “globalization, the fall of authoritarian and socialist regimes, and the deregulation of the media worldwide.” To ponder on the watchdog role of media, Coronel asks the following important questions: Is the press acting as watchdog always desirable? In countries where the media are hobbled by draconian state restrictions or driven largely by the imperatives of profit-obsessed markets, is such a role even possible? What enabling conditions make a watchdog press effective? What impact has media monitoring had...
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