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Is Sherlock Holmes Ethical?

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Ethics is a very broad topic. There are many forms of ethics that look at certain actions in different light. Utopian ethics state that if an action performed by someone helps the society rather than the individual, it is an ethical act. In A Scandal in Bohemia, Sherlock Holmes is trying to help the Grand Duke of Cassel-Felstein get married, so that he can become the new King of Bohemia. The issue being that Irene Adler has a picture of the Grand Duke having an affair. Adler threatened to send this picture and a note to the Duke’s bride, thus ruining his marriage and his right to the throne. The Duke not becoming king affects all of the citizens in Bohemia, thus, by following Utopian ethics, Sherlock Holmes should help the Duke. That being said, according to Utopian ethics, Sherlock Holmes would be considered an ethical human being by benefitting the masses rather than himself.
Sherlock Holmes does perform many actions that we would consider today as unethical. Once Holmes is on the case, his first act of business was “watching the habits, and perhaps the house, of Miss Irene Adler” (Doyle 16). He has spied on Adler for the entire morning to get clues and leads to further continue this case. Utopian ethics would agree with this behavior. Holmes has disguised himself as a “drunken-looking groom, ill-kempt and side whiskered with an inflamed face and disreputable clothes” (Doyle 16) to gather information about Adler’s doings. Holmes has benefitted all the people in Bohemia by performing this act to help the Duke get married, and thus be the King of Bohemia.
In another instance, Holmes second and final attempt to figure out where Adler has kept the photograph of the Duke. So he devises a scheme. He will find a way to get into Adler’s house without her knowing it is him. Holmes dresses up as an amiable and simple-minded Non-conformist clergyman. As per his plan, he

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