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Is the New Immigration Really so Bad?

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David Card’s paper entitled Is the New Immigration Really So Bad? takes a look at U.S. immigration and focuses on two main questions: “1. Does immigration reduce the labor market opportunities of less-skilled natives? 2. Have immigrants who arrived after the 1965 Immigration Reform Act successfully assimilated?” One of the key ways Card measures the effectiveness of immigrants assimilation is based on the success’s of U.S. born children of immigrants. Recently there have been shifts in immigration, in the early and mid 1990s immigrants came mostly from Europe and Canada, but once the Immigration Reform Act 1965 immigration shifted from Europe and Canada to Mexico, Central America, and Asian countries. According to the census in 2000 only 13.6% of adult immigrants were born in Europe, while 32% were from Mexico, 16% from Central America, and 26.6% from Asian countries. It is assumed from previous studies that education and skill levels are based off immigrants original home countries. According to Card’s data immigrants have a large group of people with very low schooling as opposed to natives. On the other end of the spectrum, immigrants vs natives seem to have similar educational distributions, and immigrants are even more likely to hold more advanced degrees than Natives. From that same data Card was able to conclude that immigrant inflows have exerted upward pressure on the wage gap between high school graduates and dropouts, and downward pressure on the college-high school wage gap. The reason he came to that conclusion is that labor market competition from immigrants is most intense with the lowest levels of education. The other reason is that the effect of immigrants on the supply of people with the lowest levels of education is offset by the negative effects on the relative supply of people in the middle of the education distribution which has no

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