...Auditing in Islamic Methodology Compiled By Dr. Hussien Shehata Prof. of Accounting Al-Azhar University In The Name Of ALLAH The Most Beneficent The Most Merciful Allah said in the holly Quran : " Allah has been a Watcher over you " ( Wemen:1 ) " إن الله كان عليكم رقيبا " ( سورة النساء : 1 ) Prophet Mohammed ( PBUH. ) says : when He has been asked about IHSAN : " …….then tell me about IHSAN : He said : it is to worship Allah as though you are seeing Him , and while you see Him not you truly, He sees you… " ( Related By Muslim ). سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الإحسان , فقال : " أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه , فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه يراك ............." ( رواه مسلم عن إبن عمر رضى الله عنه ) Auditing in Islamic Methodology CONTENTS Preface - Meaning of Auditing in Islamic Methodology. - Objectives of Auditing in Islamic Methodology. - Features of Auditing in Islamic Methodology... - Principles of Auditing in Islamic Methodology. - Standards of Auditing in Islamic Methodology. - Reports of Auditing in Islamic Methodology. PREFACE Moslems – certainly believe that, Islam is a way of life, it is a believe, jurisprudence, a state, strength, a sward, etc. It is a whole system. They also believe that Islamic jurisprudence is universal for all mankind, perfect and comprehensive for all things and affairs, permanent for all times and indivisible and inseparable. It should be applied...
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...Apologetics Application Paper: Part 1 Submission Form Curtisha Lawrence APOL 500 November 2, 2014 1. Target Audience: The target audience I have chosen is from the false theistic system. The world religion of Islam is a monotheistic world religion. Islam is an important religion that Christians should research in order to respond effectively and in a manner that does not appear to be condescending to the other. However, the Christian should develop a level of apologetics to defend the faith in a -knowledgeable and Christ-like fashion. 2. Summary of Significant Elements of the Worldview of the Target Audience: Muslims live in a monotheistic society devoting themselves to one god, Allah. Any gods or belief contrary to Allah is known to be blasphemous. In Islam, the Quaran is the source of ultimate authority. It goes into detail of who Allah is and highlights the humans are to treat others with dignity and with good deeds. Humans are to be believed as coming from clay and jinn created from smokeless flames. They also believe that there has been a succession of prophets with specifically identifying Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus preceding Muhammad. Muslims believe that Allah will return and resurrect the dead and every person will be judged in the Day of Judgment. At that time there will be a balance of good deeds verses bad deeds, and those who have good deeds overweighing the bad will live in paradise and those who have lived a life of bad choices...
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...persuasion of profit, and want maximization. But in contrast, Islamic world-view comprises religious values, cultural values, and universal values which can be accepted and respected universally and can visualize a consumer oriented marketing culture which can ensure a balanced synthesis of both the material and the spiritual dimensions of life which emphasize to maximize the welfare of the world and the world hereafter and can establish fraternity and socio economic justice. This descriptive study will attempt to provide a brief review of conventional marketing literature at the same time it will formulate and develop a definition of Islamic Marketing and its framework based on The Holy Quran, ×adÊth and Islamic Literature. Field of Research: Marketing Keywords: Islam, Falah, Marketing, Hikmah, Need, Mutual Consent, Tayyibat etc. 1. Introduction A proper historical account of ‗Marketing‘ began with early capitalism and sociological theories of the growth of consumerist culture. Although capitalistic society comprises three forms of capitalism—commercial capitalism, financial capitalism, and industrial capitalism the latest one is...
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...is defined as the process whereby an individual's personal and financial goals are achieved through the development and implementation of a comprehensive financial plan. Islam is a comprehensive, integrative and holistic religion that governs all aspects of life, major and minor, personal and social, spiritual and materialistic and relates this worldly life to the Hereafter. This means that we need to practice Islam while we perform our business and economic activities. Muslims are encourage planning for their life and put efforts to achieve the goal setting then ask help from Allah. The final stage is tawakal for what the result and takes it as the destiny bestows by Allah. The prophet Muhammad used to supplicate Allah: ‘My Lord, help me and do not give help against me, grant me a victory, and do not grant victory over me, plan on my behalf and do not plan against me, guide me and made my right guidance easy for me, grant me victory over those who act wrongfully towards me….’[1] (Narrated by Abu Daud.) In Islam, financial planning is not just merely a process of acquisition and accumulating wealth but it has a broad definition which relates to the concept of vicegerent (kalifa). According to the Holy Qur’an, God created man as his vicegerent (or ambassador) on earth. Allah says in A-Quran: Behold, thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a vicegerent on...
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...Assignment: Jesus & Mohammed Paper Jesus and Mohammed have shaped the whole world for hundred upon hundreds of years. Cultures that have followed as well as worshiped these two people have been through wealth, as well as poverty (mostly) war and even some peace. Jesus and Mohammed have very similar aspects, also there are some very different dynamics whoever their story’s can become intertwined both past, present and future. Reviewing such topics such as history including their deaths, how they are worshiped and last but not least how people are reacting to the past in relation to Jesus and Mohammed currently. Allowing time to explore and compare/contrast the various religions that derives in part from Jesus and Mohammed can be confusing, thrilling, and entertaining. Tracing the lives of Jesus and Mohammed historically can be challenging due to the fact that there are some scientist that post relatively strong arguments that there is very little historical proof of the life of Jesus outside of the Bible, and Mohammed beyond word of mouth transfer via the Quran. Although and despite the gaining evidence which disputes the factual proof against either of these prophets/son of God being legitimate, the evidence. shreds of evidence that is for Jesus and Mohammed is also evident. Some of the facts relating to Jesus historically include the Jewish historian Josephus who was born in approximately 37 CE, notice the “CE” because at this point cultures had not begun using BC and or AC...
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...Women in the Middle East 1. Introduction 2. Before Islam 3. After Islam 4. Marriage 5. Education 6. Modern Day -Examples from different Arab countries -Arab Spring 7. What’s next? 8. Citations 1. Introduction Over the course of history, women in the Middle East, not so much different than around the world, haven’t been attaining all their full rights and haven’t been quite satisfied with the status of gender equality that the world continues to lack. The Middle East has its more than enough share with this ever-continuing phenomenon. The situation changes with every passing day, as it is affected by our effervescently changing political and social status. Religion has played an enormous role in the matter, as did politics, economy, and social standards. Women’s rights have increased and decreased soon before it was satisfactory enough. This continues and will continue to happen until women find themselves satisfied in our men-driven society. In order for one to judge the current and possible future status, we must understand the past and how women’s rights evolved to become where it is right now. 2. Before Islam Women before the dawn of Islam had practically no legal status in opposition to the traditional and standard tribal laws. Their own fathers sold them to their husbands or legal guardians; they had no choice in the matter and could be left at anytime according to the spouse’s will. They had no private property or...
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...The Cons and Pros of Polygamous Marriage Islam to Muslims Lim Chih Ching B1403067 HELP University Outline I. Introduction A. Opener: B. Thesis statement: Polygamous marriage Islam has bring some impacts to the Muslims such as psychological torture suffered by women, loads of burden bore by men, mental pressure suffered by children, allow more women not to be single and also lower the divorce rate. II. Women suffer from psychological torture A. Depression B. Jealousy and unshared love III. Men are forced to bear with loads of burden A. Content the basic needs of the household B. Responsibilities in their career IV. Children suffer from mental pressure A. Live in fear B. The existence of hate to the father V. Allows more women to have husband, not left being single A. Emotional support B. Financial support VI. Lower divorce rate in society today A. Valid lifestyle choice B. Flexible marriage VII. Conclusion: According to IslamReligion.com (2006), Islamic marriage is a legal arrangement, not a sacrament in the Christian sense, and is secured with an agreement. Matrimony in Islam lays right and corresponding responsibility on each spouse. Children in wedlock are given legitimacy and share inheritance from their parents. There are two kinds of marriage system, which is monogamy and polygamy. The meaning of monogamy is a system of marriage where a person has only one spouse while polygamy is...
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...University of Phoenix Material Acquiring Admissible Statements Worksheet Conduct an Internet search by visiting the state websites for Arizona, Illinois, New York, and California. Locate the legal requirements to obtain admissible statements in these states. Include your research findings in the following table. |State |Legal requirements |Precedent |Other | |Arizona |The legal requirements for |Brown v. Illinois takes |The Private Safety Exception | | |obtaining admissible statements |precedent over the admissibility|states that when a suspect is in| | |under the Arizona law, according|of a statement, if the Fourth |need of medical help statements | | |to (Arizona Revised Statues, |Amendment is violated, then any |may be admitted even if the | | |Rules of Criminal Procedure, |material or evidence, which was |Miranda law was violated in | | |Rules of Evidence & More, n.d.),|gained from the violation of the|order to save that person’s | | |“admissibility statements under |Fourth Amendment, is also |life. | | |oath by a party or witness |inadmissible. ...
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...banking?.................................................................... 4 Question No.3) What is Meant By Riba? .................................................................................................... 5 Question No.4) What is interest? Is there any difference between interest and Riba? ............................ 5 Question No. 5) What are the different kinds of Riba?.............................................................................. 6 Question No. 6). What are the revelations/verses in Holy Quran regarding prohibition of Riba/interest? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Question No. 7) What are the sayings/Ahadith about Riba/Interest? .................................................... 10 Question No.8) Are there any injunctions against Riba/usury in religious texts other than Holy Quran? ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Question No. 9) Does interest/Riba is related only to consumption loans or it applies to commercial loans also?...
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...Friday, July 3, 2009 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SHARIAH LAW IN MALAYSIA Before the coming of the Colonial powers, the law which was applied in the Malay States was the Islamic Law, which had. absorbed to some extent the rules of the Malay custom 1 In Malacca the law was compiled in the Malacca Laws and when the Malacca Empire fell versions of the Malacca Laws 2 were applied in the other States. as for example in Pahang and Johore and Kedah.3 In Trengganu the Islamic Law was applied particularly in the time of Sultan Zainalabidin III.4In Johore the Majallat al-Ahkam a compendium of the civil law from Turkey, was translated into Malay, at the beginning of the twentieth century and ordered to be applied in Johore. Similarly the Hanafite Code of Qadri Pasha in Egypt was adapted and translated into Malay as the Ahkam Shariyyah,Johore.5 However with the coming of the British and their influence in the Malay States, English Law was introduced in the form of codes taken from those enacted in India, including the Penal Code. the Contract Act, the Evidence Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Civil Procedure Code: and in the field of land law legislation based on the Torrens System was introduced. The introduction of these laws meant that the Islamic Law was no Ionger applicable in the areas covered by those laws. More significantly still, courts were set up headed by British judges trained in the English Common Law and the judges of these Courts tended to apply the English Law whenever...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1759-0833.htm Religious beliefs and consumer behaviour: from loyalty to boycotts Religious beliefs Khalil Al-Hyari, Muhammed Alnsour and Ghazi Al-Weshah 155 Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, and Mohamed Haffar Received 28 March 2011 Accepted 8 June 2011 Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK Abstract Purpose – In a constantly changing and increasingly globalised world, religions still play a significant role in influencing social and consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that explores the link between religious beliefs and consumers’ boycotts towards particular products. Certain important concepts are linked to boycott, these include: conspicuous consumption of global brands, animosity and country of origin. Design/methodology/approach – First, a critical literature review on empirical consumer animosity, conspicuous consumption, religion, and consumption studies is undertaken. Second, qualitative techniques are used to collect the primary data. This is undertaken with reference to the case study of boycotting of the international Danish brands in Saudi Arabia, in order to highlight the relative emphasis of each of the factors that may influence consumer purchase behaviour of global brands. Findings – The findings of this study show that there is a strong relationship and a clear link between religiosity...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT IN ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE: THE ARAB FINANCE HOUSE EXAMPLE Bilal A. Fleifel A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration Cameron School of Business University of North Carolina Wilmington 2009 Approved By Advisory Committee Howard Rasheed Cetin Ciner William H. Sackley Chair Accepted By DN: cn=Robert D. Roer, o=UNCW, ou=Dean of the Graduate School & Research, email=roer@uncw. edu, c=US Date: 2010.01.21 15:02:51 -05'00' ________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. vii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................x GLOSSARY .............................
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...Sharh Arba'een an Nawawî COMMENTARY OF FORTY HADITHS OF AN NAWAWI By Dr. Jamal Ahmed Badi http://fortyhadith.iiu.edu.my/ © 2002 fortyhadith.com Commentaries on Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith The collection of Forty Hadith by al-Imam alNawawi (or Imam Nawawi) has been known, accepted and appreciated by Muslim scholars for the last seven centuries. Its significance lay in the fact that these selected forty hadiths comprise the main essential and fundamental concepts of Islam which, in turn, construct the minimum level of required revealed knowledge for every single Muslim. Since having good knowledge of the various fundamental aspects of the religion is key to a Muslim's practice and application of Islam, this web site attempts to provide simple and practical commentaries to the collection of Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith. Various principles are contained in these hadiths, such as belief, Muslim ethics and fiqh. As such, it is very important to have a good understanding of these hadiths based on scholarly interpretations. In addition, these commentaries also try to offer discussions on related contemporary issues pertaining to certain concepts mentioned in these hadiths. The commentaries on this website are by: Dr. Jamal Ahmed Badi Associate Professor Department of General Studies International Islamic University Malaysia If you have any questions or comments on the Forty Hadith, please e-mail them to: abjamal@iiu.edu.my If you have any...
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...Critical assessment of four financial instruments in the Islamic financial markets Raja Shahridatul Dewa Binti Raja Musa C070187 This project paper is a partial fulfillment of Module IB2001of Part 2 of Certified Islamic Finance Professional (CIFP) INCEIF September 2008 Critical assessment of four financial instruments in the Islamic financial markets Raja Shahridatul Dewa Binti Raja Musa Abstract There has been remarkable growth in the Islamic finance industry and seen double-digit growth in recent years. Increasing numbers of Islamic financial institutions are attempting to penetrate the international markets in meeting the global demands for Islamic finance. This calls for the development of innovative Islamic financial instruments which are shariah compliant that represent as alternatives to conventional instruments covering areas of Islamic banking, Islamic insurance, Islamic equities and Islamic bonds/sukuk. A parallel development of Islamic financial markets should also take place that look into the aspect of liquidity and cash flow management. At the same time legal and regulatory requirements are needed to ensure the smooth functioning of Islamic financial institutions. Given the uniqueness of the operations and transactions comprising contractual arrangements and instruments, it is critical for Islamic financial institutions to identify specific...
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...British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.9 No.I (2012) ©BritishJournal Publishing, Inc. 2012 http://www.bjournal.co.uk/BJASS.aspx Corporate Governance and Performance of Saudi Arabia Listed Companies Yahya Ali Al-Matari Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia matariyahya@yahoo.com Dr. Abdullah Kaid Al-Swidi College of Arts & Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia swidi@uum.edu.my, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Faudziah Hanim Bt Fadzil Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia fhanim@uum.edu.my Abstract: This study aims to provide a concise view of the background of Saudi Arabia‟s legal system, important regulations and monitoring policies related to the corporate governance followed by the Saudi government to enhance the attractiveness of the business environment. In so doing, this study attempted to provide an overview on corporate governance in the emerging markets and more specifically in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this study has shed lights on the main monitoring devices which play a significant role in regulating and developing the Saudi business environment. The focus was on some corporate governance mechanisms that might affect firm performance including board composition (BODCOM), CEO duality (DUAL), board size (BSIZE), audit committee independence (ACIND), audit committee activities (ACMEET) and audit committee size (ACSIZE). Keywords: Corporate governance, firm performance, emerging countries, Saudi Arabia. ...
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