...JOB SATISFACTION & ITS INFLUENCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job. Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept, which can mean different things to different people. Job satisfaction is usually linked with motivation, but the nature of this relationship is not clear. Satisfaction is not the same as motivation. "Job satisfaction is more an attitude, an internal state. It could, for example, be associated with a personal feeling of achievement, either quantitative or qualitative." In recent years attention to job satisfaction has become more closely associated with broader approaches to improved job design and work organization, and the quality of working life movement. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance; methods include job rotation, job enlargement, job enrichment and job re-engineering. Other influences on satisfaction include the management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous work position. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured by organizations. Job Satisfaction and Productivity : Happy workers may not necessarily be productive workers. Studies have focused on individuals rather than on the organization and at individual level measures of productivity do not take into consideration all the interactions and complexities in the work process. So although we might not be able to say that a happy worker...
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...nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://jom.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/26/3/405 Downloaded from http://jom.sagepub.com at Universiteit van Amsterdam SAGE on November 9, 2009 Journal of Management 2000, Vol. 26, No. 3, 405– 434 Research on Employee Recruitment: So Many Studies, So Many Remaining Questions James A. Breaugh and Mary Starke University of Missouri–St. Louis Over the last thirty years, the amount of research on recruitment topics has increased dramatically. Despite this increase, recent reviews of the recruitment literature often have had a somewhat pessimistic tone. Reviewers have concluded that we still do not know a great deal about why recruitment activities have the effects they do. In particular, recent reviews have criticized many of the studies conducted for being poorly designed, narrow in focus, and not grounded in theory. We believe that many of these criticisms are legitimate. We also believe that, in order for future studies to result in a better understanding of the recruitment process, such studies need to be designed with an appreciation of the complexity of the recruitment process (i.e., the number of variables involved and the...
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...training resources. The organization–task–person model is less useful when it comes to reacting to a specific human performance problem, such as high turnover or poor sales. A thorough needs assessment relevant to this problem may prove inefficient; moreover, it would assume that some form of training is required to solve the problem. An alternative model has been offered to deal with these situations. It is a problem-solving process that begins with problem definition and then moves to root-cause identification Fleenor, John W. "TraitThis model isto and intervention design. Approach known as the Leadership." Encyclopedia of Industrial human performance intervention (HPI) process or and Organizational Psychology.(HPT). Although human performance technology 2006. relatively neglected in I/O psychology SAGE Publications. 16 Feb. 2011. research, this approach resonates with the consulting approach increasingly used by professionals in the human resource management and organizational development fields. —Kenneth G. Brown See also Job Analysis; Job Analysis Methods; Training; Trainability and Adaptability; Training Evaluation FURTHER READING leadership research. This approach focuses on the personal attributes (or traits) of leaders, such as physical and personality characteristics, competencies, and values. It views leadership solely from the perspective of the individual leader. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that traits produce patterns of behavior that are consistent...
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...techniques, and to use utilize those various techniques for optimum results. As explained above, motivation involves psychological forces that push employees into a desired direction accompanied with the appropriate level of behavior, effort, and persistence. From the definition, one would understand that motivation can work as an integral tool for goal and objective achievement. Motivation has several theories and techniques a firm must know to apply them on its employees: Motivational Theories: 1) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: this comes as a no surprise since Maslow explained that motivation is based on a sequenced hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy starts with the lowest physiological needs (Food, sleep, sex), followed by safety needs (Job security and environment safety), social needs (feelings of belonging and love), self-esteem needs (feelings of importance, value, and meaningfulness), and ended by the highest need of self-actualization, which is described by reaching ones ultimate potential. A company needs to comprehend these needs and fulfill them accordingly to achieve worker motivation. 2) Another theory is Herzberg’s two-factor theory. This theory is based on two elements: Satisfiers and Dissatisfies. The former includes intrinsic motivators that are attained from the work itself (responsibility, advancement, and recognition). The...
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...Chapter 2 Organizational behavior Perception and Personality DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organizational behavior (often abbreviated as OB) is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and structure affect and is affected by behavior within organizations. Behavior refers to what people do in the organization, how they perform, and what their attitudes are. Because the organizations studied are often business organizations, OB is frequently applied to address workplace issues such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, motivation, working in groups, and job satisfaction. Managers often apply the knowledge gained from OB research to help them manage their organizations more effectively. What is organizational behavior? organizational behavior A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations; the aim is to apply such knowledge toward improving organizational effectiveness .OB is for everyone It may seem natural to think that the study of OB is for leaders and managers of organizations. After all, they often set the agenda for everyone else. However, OB is for everyone. For instance, many employees have informal leadership roles. They are often expected to move beyond simply providing labor to playing a more proactive role in achieving organizational success. As well, managers are increasingly asking employees to share in their decision-making processes...
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...has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development. A final section considers the possibility that contingency-based ideas could encompass insights from a variety of theories to help understand MCS within its organizational context. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The three purposes of this paper are to provide a review of empirical, contingency-based research as it has developed since the early 1980s, to critically evaluate this work, and consider a variety of theoretical foundations that may assist in developing future research. The review is based, in the main, on research employing survey-based methods that has been published in a broad selection of accounting and management journals.1 The review is selective and illustrative of issues pertinent to the...
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...document by any unauthorised person is strictly prohibited. The views expressed in this document are, unless otherwise stated, those of the author and not those of Fasset. THE CONTEXT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT As South Africa embarks on it’s journey into the second decade of democracy, few can argue that tremendous strides have been made on the political, economic, social and legislative fronts. Much of our legislation and policy directions are amongst the most progressive in the world. However, many challenges remain. One of these is the shortage of professional and managerial skills and the imbalances in terms of race and gender at these levels. Another, is the need to build a robust and entrepreneurial SMME sector which will create the jobs needed to absorb the unemployed in the economy. “Staffing is the new speed limit to growth. It is not the access to capital or technology that will constrain the growth of enterprises or the South African economy, but rather the lack of adequate skills to support organizational growth plans. The traditional channels of education and training are no longer providing skills in sufficient numbers nor are they necessarily aligned to organizational needs. Organizations must participate in the development of relevant skills if they are to survive.” (Italia Boninelli, HR Director: Netcare Group1) In a knowledge and service based sector, the quality of skills and talent is almost the only point of leverage that a firm has to create competitive advantage...
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...Six Factors That Distort Performance Appraisals Multiple psychological factors can sway evaluators to rate employees a certain way. Most companies use performance appraisals, also known as job evaluations, to determine whether employees are meeting expectations, and to get some clues about how the employee could improve for the benefit of the business. Even so, performance appraisals have a major flaw in that they are not completely objective. Six major factors cause distortions in performance appraisals. 1. Stereotyping * People usually can fall into at least one general category based on physical or behavioral traits, and performance evaluators sometimes let stereotypes associated with those categories sway their employee appraisals. For example, a boss might assume that because many Asians excel, an Asian worker who doesn't meet a performance objective simply isn't working hard enough, even if the worker tried his best. Similarity * Often, people tend to seek out and rate more positively those who are similar to themselves. This tendency to approve of similarity may cause evaluators to give better ratings to employees who exhibit the same interests, work methods, points of view or standards. A major problem with this cause of distortion is that it can stifle innovation in a company, as "different" people must struggle to rise in the ranks. Leniency * Leniency, sometimes referred to as inflation, is the tendency of evaluators to give employees higher...
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...2: INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR, PERSONALITY, AND VALUES MARS Model And Individual Behavior – The MARS model consists of: * Motivation = Personality & Value – Motivation, * Ability = Self-Concept & Perception – Ability, * Role Perception = Emotions & Attitudes / Stress – Role Perceptions These three factors come together during situational factors that lead to behavioral result such as task preference & performance, organizational citizenship (cooperation and helpfulness beyond required job duties), CWBs (Counterproductive Work Behaviors / harm organization), joining/staying with an organization and maintaining attendance. All of these factors reflect individual behavior because each individual is different and will use these in different ways. Four Factors Of Voluntary Individual Behavior And Performance * Motivation – the forces within a person that affect their direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. Think of it as a car; directions refers to where you steer the car, intensity is how much you put your foot down on the pedal, and persistence is how close do you get to your destination. Do you have the persistence to make it all the way or do you fall short? * Ability – Includes both the natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task. Aptitudes are the natural talents that help employees learn specific task more quickly or perform better at them. Learned capabilities are skills...
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...JALN Volume 7, Issue 3 — September 2003 EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE: A WEB-BASED FORUM STUDY IN TAIWAN Heng-Li Yang Professor Department of Management Information Systems National Cheng-Chi University 64 Section 2, Chihnan Road, Mucha Dist., 116, Taipei, Taiwan Phone: 886-2-29387651 Fax: 886-2-29393754 yanh@mis.nccu.edu.tw Jih-Hsin Tang Phd Candidate Department of Management Information Systems National Cheng-Chi University Faculty of Management Information Systems Tak Ming College 56 Section 1, Huan-Shan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan Phone: 886-2-26585801 jefftang@mail.mis.takming.edu.tw ABSTRACT This research investigates the effects of social networks on students’ performance in online education which uses networking as an adjunct mode for enhancing traditional face-to-face education or distance education. Using data from a 40-student course on Advanced Management Information Systems (AMIS), we empirically tested how social networks (friendly, advising, and adversarial) related to students’ performance. First, advising network variables are positively related to student performance both in the class and on the forum. Adversarial variables are negatively correlated with almost all students’ performance. Second, advising and adversarial network variables are good determinants for overall academic performance; however, adversarial network variables are not influential on students’ performance on the forum. Friendship network variables are not determinants...
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...WORK DESIGN AND JOB SATISFACTION ROBERT D. MOHR and CINDY ZOGHI Job satisfaction has important economic effects. Low job satisfaction is associated with higher rates of quitting and higher rates of absenteeism; high job satisfaction correlates with improved job performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. Dissatisfaction therefore may result in higher labour costs and lower productivity. This article studies the relationship between job satisfaction and high-involvement. The huge no. of observation (25000) has allowed the authors to draw general insights about the relationship. Also authors could check additional variables which may be indicator of dissatisfaction and thus allowed the authors to test how broad a range of satisfaction measures can be linked to high-involvement work practises. Finally, because they used a data set that includes information from both employers and employees and follows both groups over time, they can control for a number of specific sources of bias, and look for evidence on the direction of causality. Background of research: A large body of literature on socio-technical systems, total quality management, and high-performance work systems argues that jobs with a high degree of employee involvement might increase satisfaction. The existing literature also recognizes, however, that even if a positive association between the characteristics of work and the evaluative judgment that individuals make about their jobs exists, the direction...
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...Human Resource Management Review 19 (2009) 117–133 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Human Resource Management Review j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / h u m r e s Diversity in organizations: Where are we now and where are we going? Lynn M. Shore ⁎, Beth G. Chung-Herrera, Michelle A. Dean, Karen Holcombe Ehrhart, Don I. Jung, Amy E. Randel, Gangaram Singh Institute for Inclusiveness and Diversity in Organizations, Department of Management, College of Business Administration, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Diversity Inclusiveness a b s t r a c t A great deal of research has focused on workforce diversity. Despite an increasing number of studies, few consistent conclusions have yet to be reached about the antecedents and outcomes of diversity. Likewise, research on different dimensions of diversity (e.g., age, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and culture) has mostly evolved independently. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine each of these dimensions of diversity to describe common themes across dimensions and to develop an integrative model of diversity. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. While the term “workforce diversity” is commonly used in scholarly articles as well as in the popular press, the focus and scope of the research is both varied and broad. Until recently, most studies...
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...(SME) or a much larger global organization. Therefore it is essential that business leaders have a firm understanding of all aspects that contribute to organizational effectiveness; this includes an understanding of how individual differences contribute to this. This paper considers how organizational effectiveness can be enhanced by organizations having a thorough understanding of individual (employee) differences and how these differences affect the contribution of the individual on the business. Additionally this paper considers how organizations may exploit this knowledge and gives consideration to the most significant barrier to such exploitation. 2. Organizational Effectiveness All organizations strive to be effective and much effort is expended in achieving and measuring organization effectiveness. Whilst the definition of ‘organization’ does not necessarily have to relate to a business or company in every instance, for the purpose of this paper the term will relate to a ‘business organization’ and therefore organizational effectiveness will relate to achievement of organizational goals or business objectives. “From the perspective of an employee, the extent to which an organization can provide satisfaction of the needs associated with the following range of variables is a major consideration in judging the effectiveness of the organization” (Bartram, Robertson and Callinan, 2002, p. 2): • money and physical resources •...
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...RESEARCH PAPER NO. 1805 Corporate Social Responsibility Reputation Effects on MBA Job Choice David B. Montgomery Catherine A. Ramus May 2003 RESEARCH PAPER SERIES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPUTATION EFFECTS ON MBA JOB CHOICE David B.Montgomery1 Sebastian S. Kresge Professor of Marketing Strategy -Emeritus Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford, CA Tel: (650) 723 3029 Email: Montgomery_david@gsb.stanford.edu & Dean, School of Business Singapore Management University Catherine A. Ramus* Assistant Professor Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106- 5131 Email: Ramus@bren.ucsb.edu Tel: (805) 893 5057 Fax: (805) 893 7612 *Corresponding Author 1 The authors’ names are merely alphabetical. 2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPUTATION EFFECTS ON MBA JOB CHOICE ABSTRACT In a preliminary study with 279 MBA’s from two European and three North American business schools we find that reputation-related attributes of caring about employees, environmental sustainability, community/ stakeholder relations, and ethical products and services are important in job choice decisions. We use an adaptive conjoint analysis survey tool to discover the relative weighting of a new set of social responsibility job search criteria, including these attributes with traditional job search criteria like financial package, geographical location, etc. In addition, our results show that more than...
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...Problem Identification The overall issue in this case is employee dissatisfaction in the workplace due to the frustrating and stressful environment in which they are immersed in daily. This tension ends up having harsh personal effects on employees. These effects show as problematic symptoms to the company and range from emotional distress, indicated by one employee taking her anger out on her roommate at home, to physical ailments exemplified by increased illnesses and stress disability claims amongst these employees. The “Impact on stress on the Canadian economy is huge, costing an estimated $33 billion a year in lost productivity “(Langton et al, 2009, p. 121). This presents a significant problem, broader in scope, to the company in which employee turnaround turnover may be high, thereby minimizing the effectiveness of their employee support system . This paper will provide an analysis of the above mentioned problem and offer recommendations to help minimize the effect of employee dissatisfaction due to a stressful role . Problem Analysis According to the Affective Events Theory (AET) (Langton et al, 2009 , p. 63-4), job satisfaction and performance are directly influenced by positive or negative emotional reactions. Those emotional reactions are in turn formed by a combination of work events such as daily hassles and uplifts, which is affected by the work environment, and personal dispositions such as personalities and moods . The work environment at the call...
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