...Write a 200- to 300-word response addressing the following questions: What are the issues facing law enforcement today? How do these issues coincide with those of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)? An issue concerning law enforcement today is amber alerts and angry parents, fortunately a new system was adopted, in the mid 1900’s, and police officers can identify license plates with the license plate reader system. Once a license plate is confirmed, the amber alert gets put on the “hot List” and the case transfers over to the Department of Homeland Security. License Plate Readers are not only used for amber alerts, but to hunt down individual’s such as terrorists, drug smugglers, gang members, fugitives, and offenders of parole or probation. Each of the listed above are not only issues for law enforcement today, but also coincide with the Department of Homeland security as both units must work together to hunt down the variety of criminals. The Department of Homeland Security and Law Enforcement today work to reduce terrorist communications. The law enforcement’s effort to prevent terrorism coincided with the Department of Homeland Security has created and equality of both called the Homeland Security Information Network, which enables state and urban law enforcement agencies to collect disseminate information among federal, state and local agencies in order to prevent terrorist activity. This system is computer based and was created by state and local authorities...
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...Wk. 8 Checkpoint: Issues in Policing Response 1. CJS/210: Fundamentals of Policing Dec. 9th, 2011 What are the issues facing law enforcement today? How do these issues coincide with those of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)? How can the relationship between local, state and federal law enforcement agencies and DHS improve? Major incidents of police brutality and corruption amongst law enforcement agencies in the recent 20 + years has made the public realize that police corruption has occurred for many years under their noses, making them feel vulnerable and angry. Example# 1: Police brutality case of Rodney King in 1991, where several police officers brutally beat a black man for a traffic violation. The event happened to get videotaped by a complete stranger, George Holiday, which became a media black eye to police agencies, but that tape became a crucial piece of evidence that led to a chain of events that included two trials and a major riot in 1992. http://prop1.org/legal/prisons/kinga2.htm Example#2- The political downfall of Detroit’s former Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick starting in March 24, 2008, Kilpatrick was charged with eight felony counts, including perjury, misconduct in office, and obstruction of justice. On September 4, 2008, Kilpatrick announced his resignation as mayor and soon after went to jail. http://www.freep.com/article/99999999/NEWS01/80124052/Kwame-Kilpatrick-mayor-crisis 2. Then policing agency such as the FBI...
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...Community oriented policing is the partnership between the police, neighborhoods, and all the people they serve (Kunselman148). Problem-oriented policing is when law enforcement analyzes the problems they handle to determine a plan for handling the problems in a long-term fashion (Kunselman 149). A key element of community policing is an emphasis on crime prevention. The public has been encouraged to partner with the police in an effort to deter crime with programs such as a neighborhood watch. Community oriented policing and problem oriented policing have the same goal which is reducing and deterring crime in local communities. At the heart of community oriented policing is the relationship between the police and the community and how the two can collaborate to identify and solve community problems. There are numerous elements frequently associated with community oriented policing including the empowerment of the community, the belief in a broad police function, the reliance of police on citizens for authority, information, and collaboration, the application of general knowledge and skill, specific tactics targeted at particular problems rather than general tactics such as preventive patrol and rapid response, and decentralized authority to better respond to neighborhood needs. The goal of community policing is to bring the police and the public it serves closer together to identify and address crime issues. Instead of merely responding to emergency calls and arresting criminals...
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...Predictive Policing Mitchell S. Zellner Dr. Kimberly Anthony, Ph.D. CIS 500 April 15, 2012 In the half past century, four policing models of law enforcement have been employed in order to prevent and reduce crime rates. The four policing models are called professional-policing era model, community policing model, intelligence-led policing (ILP), and predictive-policing model. Professional era model started in the 1960s where the strategy focus was on random patrol, rapid response, and reactive investigation. The highest priority was on rapid response time. Although this model was considered successful, there were major drawbacks. The social interaction between law officials and citizens was non-existent. Law enforcement agents had become totally dependent on technology rather than involving citizens to assist with problem solving. This model was replaced with the community policing model. This model began around the 1990s where it focused on partnership, problem solving, and prevention. The goal was to reestablish ties between law enforcement agencies and their respective communities. Together the two parties could implement strategies that would examine and resolve any major issues or concerns in the community, but most importantly regain the trust between the two entities. The 9/11 terrorist attack on the United States led to the emergence of the ILP. The Patriot Act in combination with the forming of the Homeland Security Agency was a direct result of the attacks....
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...policies and hot spot strategies to crackdown on crime, ultimately to apprehend offenders and drive the level of drug use down. Several key components are involved in policing to evaluate the police policy/strategy being utilized: inputs, activities, outputs, objective outcomes, and subjective outcomes. Police resources/inputs were allocated and applied in City X through police activities to test policy evaluation of directed policing on street corner drug sales to reduce to amount of drug use. The policing activities consisted of directed police efforts collaborating undercover officers making drug purchases, while uniformed officers continued to sweep the same known hotspots of street corner drug sales. These actions account for a large portion of arrests for possession of drugs, in City X a portion of these offenders are then forced to show their innocence in court. The outputs resulting increased arrest rates and increased conviction of possession of drugs. With the influx of convicted offenders the rate of drug use in City X declined throughout the course of directed policing efforts, which concludes the objective outcome of this police policy. In turn the subjective outcomes elate to increased citizen satisfaction and less citizen fear of crime are meet by this policy. The evaluation of the policing policy in City X in broken down into three distinct categories: effectiveness, efficiency, and equitability. More concepts are explored in policy evaluation than the...
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...Garikapati Assignment Title: Predictive Policing Professor: Dr. Mark Cohen Date: 8 July 2014 ABSTRACT Predictive policing relies on using advanced technological tools and data analysis to take proactive measures to pre-empt crime. Predictive policing is the advanced strategy of using information systems to forecast future crime and take necessary measures to prevent them. Los Angeles police department Chief of Detectives Charlie Beck defines it this way – “With new technology, new business processes, and new algorithms, predictive policing is based on directed, information-based patrol; rapid response supported by fact-based prepositioning of assets; and proactive, intelligence-based tactics, strategy, and policy. The predictive-policing era promises measurable results, including crime reduction; more efficient police agencies; and modern, innovative policing.”(©ACLU of Massachusetts) TOPIC 1 Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. The professional era of policing began in the 1960’s when the policing strategy was based largely on random patrol, rapid response and reactive investigation. Unfortunately, the emphasis on response times and an associated reliance on...
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...approach to crime prevention through preventive patrol. Question 1 Is this approach different from traditional patrol? If so how? If not, how is it similar? What did patrol officers in this experiment do that was different from what basic patrol officers do? What was the relationship between the officers in this experiment and other patrol officers? The Kansas City Gun Experiment was a police patrol project that aimed at reducing gun violence, drive-by shootings, and homicides. The purpose of the experiment was to focus on gun crime “hot spots” through problem-solving policing and directed patrol in high-crime areas. The overall goal was to prove that this style of policing would reduce crime by removing guns from the streets and deterrence through aggressive enforcement (Walker & Katz, 2006, p 295) Routine traditional patrol maintained in five beats, which included marked police cars, rapid response to calls, arrests and follow-up investigations. The final five beats involved in the experiment used a proactive patrol approach, increasing patrol to twice the norm. The extra officers worked from 7:00 pm to 1:00 am, seven days/week during the hours when the most gun-related crimes occur. Police officers assigned to the experimental area were those who had been patrolling it prior to the experiment, tended to be white, relatively young, and somewhat new to the police department. These officers focused solely on gun detection on target directed vehicles and did not answer...
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...Critical Issues in Policing Paper CJA/214 Robert Krause 12/15/2014 Critical issues when it comes to policing can be summed up in many different ways due to your experience, and education with police. Here we will discuss what I feel are the most critical. Here you will find a summary of the dangers of policing, less than lethal weapons, the technology used in policing, and issues with homeland securities and the connection with policing. When it comes to the dangers of policing, many people can only think of an officer getting shot. Even though that’s true, there are also other dangers. Another danger people don’t take in consideration is a cop being injured or even killed in a car chase or vehicle pursuit of a suspect. Officers lose their lives every day in vehicle related deaths. The most of all is the safety of their families. With laws put in place to insure that officers live in the community the serve and protect. Now officers have to worry about running into suspects they have apprehended when out doing normal things with their families. Other dangers like stress, and responding to disaster situations aren’t even taken into consideration by people when asked about the dangers of policing. With all the different dangers in policing, police have come up with different protocols to ensure their safety and also the safety of the offender. Using non lethal weapons such as tazers, combat skills, and mace help do just that. In the instance where an offender is resisting...
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...Future of Policing Future of Policing With the new trends and issues currently facing policing, changes are needed in order to effectively address these critical issues. Intelligence- led policing is a philosophy where data analysis and crime intelligence are central to an objective which is to aid in crime and problem reduction, disruption, and prevention through both strategic management and effective enforcement strategies that target serious offenders. This tactic emphasizes the gathering of information through the use of confidential informants, offender interviews, analysis of recorded crime and calls for service, surveillance of suspects, and community sources of information. After analyzing these sources, law enforcement officials can determine effective policing tactics in regards to enforcement targets, prevention activities, and further intelligence gathering operations. (Ratcliffe, 2008) In the last few years, the meaning and interpretation of intelligence-led policing has changed. It is evolving into a management philosophy that places greater emphasis on information-sharing and strategic solutions to crime problems at the local and regional level. (Ratcliffe, 2008) Another trend that will impact policing in America is the changing cultural dynamics of our nation. We will see fewer younger violent criminals, and more white-collar criminals committing identity fraud, Internet-facilitated fraud, money laundering, and other financial crimes...
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...University of Pheonix | Survey of Justice and Security | Public Policing versus Private Security Comparison | AJS/502 | Latisha Lipsey | 5/19/2014 | | Public policing and private security have many similarities as well as differences. There are a couple of different fields of policing, which include private security and public policing. State government, city government, and towns provide the community with public policing to enforce laws and serve and protect the citizens (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). Private security functions include loss prevention duties or protective services. Private security also specializes in closed circuit monitoring services, secret level clearance, and patrol. Public policing has the right to arrest, where as private policing does not have the right to arrest, but they are able to detain someone until law enforcement arrives (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). There are some cases where private security goes undercover, which is similar to public policing, this is to blend in with the environment and also used as asset protection. The vision between public policing and private security has been a little blurred through the years, private police look like and at times behave like public police, and there are also similarities of the job activities and responsibilities (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). But there is a huge difference between the two, in which the hiring...
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...NT OF J US CE TI Bureau of Justice Assistance IJ J O F OJJ D P B RO J US T I C E P Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH S G OVC RA MS Office of Justice Programs N BJ A C E I OF F Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH August 1994 NCJ 148457 Bureau of Justice Assistance This document was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management Team. BJA also acknowledges the members...
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...History Epi Garcia III CJA/344 September 10, 2012 Instructor Michael Morlan HISTORY American policing has undergone a series of reform-periods in response to immediate, pervasive social concerns, from its early development in the first half of the 19th century, to its shift toward depoliticizing and professionalism during the end of that century, culminating in the ongoing response to issues that demanded attention during the Civil Rights Era, and, which continue to remain prevalent. The basis for modern policing lies in the principles outlined in the 1820's, during a period of high crime, rioting, and economic instability, by Britain's then-Home Secretary, Robert Peel, who would later serve as Prime Minister (Bloy, 2002). His commonly referred to, "nine principles," became the structure for London's organized police force, refining its function, practices, and ideals in language both adaptable and explicit, appealing to notions of police productivity and effectiveness, also, over time, becoming a model for the rights of the accused and resultant law enforcement regulations and policies. The current conception of community-based policing, with focus directed toward police-community relations, is suggested in Peel's second, third, and seventh principles, detailing the importance of "public approval," "willing cooperation of the public," and maintaining a unifying relationship with the public, in mutual responsibility for law and order (Kooi, 2011). Historically...
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...Critical Issues in Policing Lindsay R.V. Klamp CJA/214 – Introduction to Police Theory and Practices June 11, 2012 Melinda Allen University of Phoenix Critical Issues in Policing There are a number of critical issues when concering policing. This paper will discuss the dangers of policing and how it affects police officers; less-than-lethal weapons and the benefits that it has for officers and our community; past, present, and future technology of policing and some of the benefits that they entail; homeland security and law enforcements relationship, and police corruption. Dangers of Policing When you are in a position to protect the people and the community, your job generally will come with a large amount of risks. Every day that an officer steps out into the world to do his/her job; they are risking their lives for the sake of the community. Not only do police risk his/her lives, but also they are put at risk for a number of other dangers that are related to police work. A few of these dangers include: death, stress, physical damage to the body, mental damage to the mind and various health issues. One danger for police officers that which seem to be rising over the years is that police officers are being killed by perpetrators. According to statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 72 officers were killed by perpetrators in 2011, a 25% increase from the previous year and a 75% increase from 2008. The 2011 deaths were the first time that more...
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...information pitfalls, and allows for faster and easier access to relevant information. Predictive policing focuses on developing, managing, and operating an integrated information infrastructure; thus avoiding one of the largest IT pitfalls of any organization: having information isolated with departments. Information needs to be cross-functional and readily accessible. Multiple information sources need to be merged into police analytical systems. Lack of information sharing can prevent effective data-analysis and hinder investigations. Keywords: CompStat, Predictive Policing, Information Systems, ISIT, networking, infrastructure, data analysis, crime prevention, criminal justice Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrol of the streets. To effectively compare and contrast the application of Information Technology (IT) in optimizing police departments’ performance related to crime reduction versus random street patrols, it is important to understand what information technology police have available. ‘Predictive Policing’ refers to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” (Morgan, Predictive Policing Symposium: The Future of Prediction in Criminal Justice, 2009). Predictive policing focuses on: (1) integrating information and operations, (2) seeing the big picture, (3) cutting-edge...
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...Alcohol fuelled violence has not been taken seriously by police or the public. Critically discuss and include in your answer at least one policing strategy for addressing this problem. Alcohol fuelled violence ‘has’ been taken seriously by police and public in recent years. The introduction of new strategies, zero tolerance and community awareness have all helped towards fixing the problem. Unfortunately there is strong evidence of an association between the consumption of alcohol and violence (Graham & Homel 2008). The rates of physical and verbal abuse by a person affected by alcohol were more than twice the rate for other drug types. In addition, more than one-third of victims (38%) had consumed alcohol themselves at the time of the incident. This is consistent with evidence that shows that a significant proportion of violent offences are committed by and committed against people who have been drinking or are intoxicated (Plant, Plant & Thornton 2002). But in recent years evidence shows that the public and police have been taking alcohol-fuelled violence seriously, this is evident via strategies and new laws that are being created. The Police in Australia devote a significant amount of resources to responding to incidents involving people who are intoxicated. Recent research estimated that around 10 percent of police time was dedicated to dealing with alcohol-related incidents, of which the most common was responding to assaults (Donnelly et al 2007). Dealing with each...
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