...DeVry | HSM320 A.RETA Application Paper Advance Directives- Kevin Bean | Devry University- Andrea Reta, Prof. | | Kevin Bean | 12/15/2014 | This paper concerns the ethical basis for advance directives, or “Living Wills”; the value of these advance directives to the patients, their families; and the authorities that these advance directives give the above mentioned interested parties. | Contents Application Paper on Advance Directives 3 Abstract of Application Paper 3 Advance Health Care Directives 3 The Natural Death Acts 3 Legal Precedents for Advance Directives 3 Advance Health Care Directives: 4 California’s Advance Directive Law 4 The Natural Death Acts 5 Inception and Legal Basis 5 Current situation of N.D.A.s 5 Value of Advance Directives to Patient, Family, and Caregiver 6 Value to Author or Patient 6 Health Care Facility 6 Are Advance Directives Really Effective? 7 Living Will Example 8 References 13 Application Paper on Advance Directives Abstract of Application Paper This paper will examine the short history of Advance Directives in California, the other states that have added A.D.s, and what the legal basis and historical basis for these acts are. Previous to the Advance Directives, very similar laws are Natural Death Acts. In this report I will review some of the similarities, and differences between the A.D.s and the N.D.A.s. In the 1970s, with the modernization of health care facilities, some patients, especially...
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...Keeshia Whiteside Advance Directives and Living Wills Health care advance directives are legal documents that communicate a person's wishes about health care decisions in the event the person becomes incapable of making health care decisions. There are two basic kinds of advance directives: living wills and durable powers of attorney for health care. * A living will expresses, in advance, a person's instructions or preferences about future medical treatments, particularly end-of-life care, in the event the person loses capacity to make health care decisions. * A durable power of attorney for health care appoints a person (called a health care agent or proxy, health care representative, or other name depending on the state) to make decisions for the person (the principal) in the event of incapacity to make health care decisions. Normally, people communicate their wishes directly to their doctors. But when a person no longer has the capacity to make or communicate a health care decision, another way to make and communicate a decision is needed. That is the role advance directives play. If no advance directive has been prepared, someone else not of the person's choosing may be called on to make health care decisions. Many states authorize default surrogate decision makers, usually next of kin. When state law does not authorize a default surrogate decision maker, doctors and hospitals still usually turn to next of kin, although the extent of their legal authority becomes...
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...In this paper, I will discuss advance directives, what it is, and the reason for it. I will talk about the issues that are currently facing advance directives care and talk about whether it has failed, or not. Finally, I will prove my stand on the issues with evidence. What is Advance Directives? An Advance directive is a living will, which allows one to document their wishes concerning medical treatments at the end of life. Even though it’s optional, but all health care facilities are required by law to ask patients if they have one, and offer them the appropriate information, and documents to sign if they want it. There are two basic kinds of advance directives, living wills, and durable powers of attorney for health care. Advance directives are legally valid throughout the United States, but the laws governing advance directives vary from state, to state. Anyone can have advance directives, no lawyer is required, and it becomes validas soon as you sign it in front of the required witnesses. Anyone can be a witness. Reasons for advance directives Advance directive is designed to empower patients, and to allow them to have a voice in their care. It provides a way for patients to communicate their wishes to family, friends and health care professionals, when they are no longer able to do so. With advance care directives, you can express how much, or how little care you want done for you when you are no longer able to make these decisions for yourself. You can also appoint...
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...Advance Directives are our wishes when we are at end of life stages of life that give specific direction of how, who, and when to treat us in our final days and hours. We can have documents drawn up to say what we want in the event we are in a state where we cannot voice our wishes aloud. These documents have legal and ethical basis, and they should be followed unless the legally or ethically unable to do so. Advance Directives gives a documented guide to the care giver’s or family member’s, so that they all can provide the kind of care that the medically impaired patient wants. This covers a wide variety of medical treatments such as dialisis, ventilators, feeding tubes and organ and or tissue transplants. If a patient has kidney failure they might or might not want to be on dialysis. The advance directive would spell out whether the patient would want such treatment if he or she was not able to convey this to the medical personnel. If the patient was at the end of life and did not want to be kept alive via artificial means such as a ventilator of feeding tube, the advance directive would have the patients wants of this type of treatment also. If the patient passed away and wanted his or her organs donated, then this directed would defanitely give the right to have their organs harvested and donated to someone in need. Even though there might be an advanced directed for a patient that is not able to express their wishes to their family or care givers, there can still...
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...Advance Directives Fatima Ahmad DeVry College of New York Dr. VanOrsdale 23 August 2015 Advance Directives Advance directives relate to treatment inclinations and the designation of a surrogate leader if a man ought to end up not able to settle for therapeutic choices all alone sake. Advance directives for the most part fall into three classes: living will, health care proxy and power of attorney (Fremgen, 113). Living will This is a composed report that determines what sorts of medicinal treatment are craved. A living will can be certain or extremely broad. More particular living wills may incorporate data in regards to a singular's longing for such administrations, for example, absence of pain (agony alleviation), anti-infection agents, hydration, bolstering, and the utilization of ventilators or cardiopulmonary revival (Fremgen, 114). Health care proxy This is an authoritative report in which an individual assigns someone else to settle on health care sets in the occurrence that he or else she is rendered unequipped for making their wishes known. The health care proxy has, generally, the same rights to demand or decline treatment that the individual would have if equipped for settling on and conveying choices (www.nlm.nih.gov). Strong power of attorney This is the third sort of advance directives. People may draft authoritative reports giving power of attorney to others on account of weakening therapeutic condition. The sturdy power of attorney permits...
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...Health care advance directives are documents that communicate a person's wishes about health care decisions in the event the person becomes incapable of making health care decisions. There are two basic kinds of advance directives: living wills and durable powers of attorney for health care. Durable powers of attorney are the legal basis during advance directives. Legal basis began when the Patient Self-Determination Act, a federal law was passed during 1991. This act requires that the patients are informed about their right to participate in health care decisions, including their right to have an advance directive.(Tonelli, 2008) Advance directives fall into two broad categories: instructive and proxy. Instructive directives allow for preferences regarding the provision of particular therapies or classes of therapies. Living wills are the most common examples of instructive directives, but other types of instructive directives, such as no transfusion and no CPR directives are also employed. The proxy directive, generally a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPAHC), allows for the designation of a surrogate medical decision maker of the patient's choosing. This surrogate decision maker makes medical care decisions for the patient in the event she is incapacitated. (Tonelli, 2008) The ethical basis for advance directives is pretty much dealing with living wills. A living will expresses a person's preferences for medical care it is called a “living" will because it...
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... | |Flaws in Advance Directives, Living Wills, and Power of Attorney | Introduction A Living Will is a form of an advance directive that is a “legal document that describes those treatments an individual wishes or does not wish to receive should he or she becomes incapacitated and unable to make medical decisions” (Pazgar, 2007, p. 378). Normally in a Living Will an individual would also indicate another individual as his or her power of attorney in the legal document; however, it is not necessary for a living will to be created with a power of attorney or a power of attorney to be created with a living will though it is highly recommended to do so. This is due to the fact that each has its flaws and each could compensate for one another though in reality it could create more conflicts too. For a physician or any other healthcare provider to go against a patient’s autonomy means that there are many legal problems these physicians may face because they went against the patient’s desires, especially because of such allegations as criminal assault and battery. Advance directives have been created to preserve an individual’s autonomy and protect a physician...
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...Advance Directives Catherine Miller IRSC Ethical/Legal Issues NUR3826 Carol Amole, Debra Cornwell, Susan Wise December 1, 2015 Advance Directives An 89 year old patient came to the emergency room from a nursing home. Per the nursing home staff, the patient had a “floppy leg” and grimaced when that leg was moved. The patient’s advance directive paperwork was provided. The patient is non-verbal. An advance directive is a document composed by competent patient’s that ensure the right of self-determination: the right of every person to make their own decisions about their medical treatment, including the right to refuse treatment (Martin, 2013). As the primary nurse for the patient, I felt it was my responsibility to inform all the medical staff that was involved in her care of the presence of the advance directives. The doctor was the first to be informed. The advance directive is a written instruction recognized under state law relating to provision of such care when the patient is incapacitated (Martin, 2013). The paperwork that was provided was a DNR status, and also a Durable Power of Attorney, naming her husband. A Durable Power of Attorney is a document that allows a patient to designate a person to make decisions about their health care in a case where they are not able to make decisions themselves. It gives some direction about the kinds of medical treatment they want ("Understanding," n.d.). When my patient’s husband arrived to the emergency department...
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...One of the best careers to get into is information technology (IT). Information technology is the use of telecommunications and computers to retrieve, store, transmit, and manipulate information. “The world of information technology is constantly changing. Whether you’re a developer for a large company or a small company, in a management position, freelancing or anything else, the world of IT is changing all the time” (Complete IT Professional). Because of certain advances in IT, new ethical issues often arise. An ethical issue, according to businessdictionary.com, is “a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical).” Often, it is extremely necessary to protect the people from wrong. In 1978, the Electron Funds Transfer was created. More recently, in 2003, the Do Not Call Implementation Act was created. There were advances in IT that resulted in new ethical issues necessitating the creation of each act. Credit and debit cards have been replacing paper checks at a fast growing rate. This means that the paper evidence that checks offer is descending. ATMs and electronic banking is taking over because it is so convenient. “The explosion of electronic financial transactions created a new need for rules that would give consumers the same level of confidence that they had in the checking system” (investopedia). In the late 70s,...
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...durable assets and currencies Sharikah al Mufawadah Investment Auctioning Output sharing DP with Management DP without Management Profit sharing Musharakah-based DP Mudharabah-based DP Sharikah al Amwal Sharikah al Abdan Sharikah al Wujuh Profit Sharing Revenue sharing Durable Assets Participation Musaqa Muzara‘a Output (Revenue) Sharing Involuntary: e.g., due to inheritance Voluntary: e.g., jointly purchasing a building for renting Sharikah al milk (Partnership based on joint Ownership) Temporary or Ongoing Musharakah Temporary or Ongoing Mudharabah Sharing Principle Fees deferred Ijara: Rents deferred Financial Murabahah Installment sale Object deferred Sale (ODS) Pre-paid istisna‘ Fees paid in advance Rents paid in advance Pure Salam SHARIKAT: PARTNERSHIPS Qard/Service Charge Heeba (Donations) 'Ariyah (qard of assets) Qard: Interest Free Loans TABARU‘AT: GRANTS Hemish Jedheya-Sale:...
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...average life expectancy for human beings in Canada has increased from the range of 45 to 75 years. While changes in our lifestyle (such as improved nutrition, reduction in smoking, and proper exercise) have played a part, this dramatic increase in our life expectancy is largely due to advances in health care as a result of medical research. From antibiotics, to new treatments for diseases like cancer, and new surgical techniques, medical research has brought about many advances in the health care field. Medical research has also made a larger number of people aware of harmful stuff. One disease which has seen remarkable medical advances is cancer. The past 30 years have seen major developments in understanding the genetics, biology, and treatment of the disease. According to the Canadian Cancer Society, the cancer death rate dropped 21 percent in men, and nice percent in women between 1988, and 2007.These lower death rates can be contributed to improvements in screening and early detection, and improvements in different methods used to treat various types of cancer. Although cancer is still the leading cause of death in Canada the death rates are declining, and will continue to decline as medical advances improve treatment. The discovery and introduction of antibiotics has also proved to be a very useful one. Antibiotics play an important role in our society. The credit of invention goes to Sir Alexander Fleming whose careful observations in 1928 resulted in the invention of antibiotics...
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...We live in an age of great technological advances. Some advances make our lives more enjoyable, while others reduce our work loads. The most valuable are the inventions that make us safer. The self-driving car is one such advance that can dramatically improve our safety. The ideal product will be a car which can be simply given the destination and then allowed to safely pilot itself there without the need for any further human control. It is widely acknowledged that motor vehicle crashes are a leading preventable cause of death and injury. It is also commonly known that distractions, fatigue, and chemical impairment are the sources of many motor vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars can significantly reduce crashes, and the resulting death and injuries, from those three factors. Radios, billboards, and similar distractions have long diverted drivers’ attentions from the crucial task of focusing on the safe operation of the vehicle. Now technological advances such as cell phones, Wi-Fi, online videos and other similar sources also constantly vie for the attention of drivers. Self-driving cars allow the driver to amuse or busy themselves with whatever other task they need or want to attend to, while the car safely negotiates the journey on its own. Driving a vehicle is a task which is also well-known to be adversely affected by fatigue. As we try to cram more and more into each day, we tend to sacrifice sleep, leading to fatigue. Anyone who has had to stay up for too many hours...
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...CALIFORNIA ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE Including Power of Attorney for Health Care Imprint / MRN NOTE: The document meets legal requirements for most Californians, but might not be appropriate in special circumstances. If you might have special needs, consult an attorney. PART 1: APPOINTING AN AGENT TO MAKE HEALTH CARE DECISIONS NOTE: You should discuss your wishes in detail with your designated agent(s) My name is:_____________________________________ Date of Birth:________________ My address is:_______________________________________________________________ In this document I appoint an agent. That agent will make health care decisions for me in the future, if and when I no longer have the mental capacity to make my own health care decisions. Optional: I want my agent to make my health care decisions now, even though I currently have the mental capacity to make my own health care decisions. _______ (Do not initial here if you want to continue making your own health decisions for as long as you are able.) The following persons cannot be selected as your agent or alternate agent: • Your primary physician • An employee of the health care institution or residential care facility where you receive care (unless you are related to that person or you are co-workers). PRIMARY AGENT: Agent’s Name: ___________________________________________________ Address:___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ (Phone...
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...Codification of Accounting Standards, a company should not recognize revenue until 1.“it has performed under the terms of the arrangement” and 2. “unless it will indeed receive and retain payment in a form that has value to the company,” (accountingresearchmanager.com) This means that the company has to perform the duty that they have agreed to in their contract and will receive a form of payment in return. The performance of the arrangement can be the delivery of goods, providing services, or providing information. Once a company performs the terms of the arrangement, the revenue is deemed as earned; however, at least part of the job must be fulfilled. In addition, the company should not recognize revenue even if their clients paid in advance to fulfillment of the agreement. Revenue is realized or realizable when “the seller receives cash or assets from the customer that is convertible into cash,” (accountingresearchmanager.com) This must occur before revenue is recognized. In the case, “Lighthouse”, the issue of how revenue should recognized for the sales of both Ship Finder devices and service arises. In this particular case, the company Lighthouse created a hardware unit which it installs in ships and provides the services for this unit. This device and service are utilized together in providing information to shipping companies on the ship location, speed, and current local weather. Lighthouse requires its customers to sign two separate contracts, one for the device...
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...changing population. The population in this United States is changing; people are living longer than ever before with complex health issues, large cultural and minority groups within this country continue to grow, and those living in rural or poverty environments all in need of more support. “Affordable Care Act”, passed in 2010, there will be an influx of patients that are entering the health care arena that have had limited access to health care. The 2010 Institute of Medicine, Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, discusses changes that need to take place in order to provide efficient care to their patients which include nursing education, changes to scope of practice to fit the training Registered Nurses (RN’s) and Advance Practice Registered Nurses (AR NP’s) gained during their...
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