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Firewall Fundamentals

2

T

O SOME NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS, A FIREWALL is the key component of their infrastructure’s security. To others, a fi rewall is a hassle and a barrier to accomplishing essential tasks. In most cases, the negative view of fi rewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of fi rewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion.
This chapter clearly defi nes the fundamentals of fi rewalls. These include what a fi rewall is, what a fi rewall does, how it performs these tasks, why fi rewalls are necessary, the various fi rewall types, and fi ltering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of fi rewalls, you will able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefi ts of effective fi rewall architecture will become clear.
Like any tool, fi rewalls are useful in solving a variety of particular problems and in supporting essential network security.

Chapter 2 Topics
This chapter will cover the following topics and concepts:
• What a fi rewall is
• Why you need a fi rewall
• How fi rewalls work and what they do
• What the basics of TCP/IP are
• What the types of fi rewalls are
• What ingress and egress fi ltering is
• What the types of fi rewall fi ltering are
• What the difference between software and hardware fi rewalls is
• What dual-homed and triple-homed fi rewalls are
• What the best placement of a fi rewall is

43

Chapter 2 Goals
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
• Defi ne fi rewalls
• Explain the need for fi rewalls
• Describe types of fi rewalls, including network router/interface fi rewall, hardware appliance fi rewall, and host software fi rewall
• Explain standard fi ltering methods, including

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