...Software Risk Management: Principles and Practices BARRY W. BOEHM, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency I) Identzhing and dealing with risks early in development lessens long-tem costs and helps prevent so@are disasters. It is easy t o begin managing risks in your environment. their early stages, the software field has had its share of project disasters: the software equivalents of the Beauvais Cathedral, the hWlS Titanic, and the “Galloping Gertie” Tacoma Narrows Bridge. The frequency of these software-project disasters is a serious concern: A recent survey of 600 firms indicated that 35 percent of them had at least one runaway software project.’ Most postmortems of these softwareproject disasters have indicated that their problems would have been avoided or strongly reduced if there had been an explicit early concern with identifylng and resolving their high-risk elements. Frequently, these projects were swept along by a tide of optimistic enthusiasm during their early phases that caused them to miss some clear signals of high-risk issues that proved to be their downfall later. Enthusiasm for new software capabilities is a good thing. But it must be tempered with a concern for early identification and resolution of a project’s high-risk elements so people can get these resolved early and then focus their enthusiasm and energy on the positive aspects of their product. Current approaches to the software process make it too easy for projects to make high-risk...
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...Impact of Risk Management in Application Development Abstract: Nowadays, software is becoming a major part of enterprise business. Software development is activity connected with advanced technology and high level of knowledge. Risks on software development projects must be successfully mitigated to produce successful software systems. Lack of a defined approach to risk management is one of the common causes for project failures. To improve project chances for success, this work investigates common risk impact areas to perceive a foundation that can be used to define a common approach to software risk management. Based on typical risk impact areas on software development projects, we propose three risk management strategies suitable for a broad area of enterprises and software development projects with different amounts of connected risks. Proposed strategies define activities that should be performed for successful risk management, the one that will enable software development projects to perceive risks as soon as possible and to solve problems connected with risk materialization. We also propose a risk-based approach to software development planning and risk management as attempts to address and retire the highest impact risks as early as possible in the development process. Proposed strategies should improve risk management on software development projects and help to create a successful software solution. Table of contents: 1. Introduction ...
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...©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 5 Slide 1 Objectives To explain the main tasks undertaken by project managers To introduce software project management and to describe its distinctive characteristics To discuss project planning and the planning process To show how graphical schedule representations are used by project management To discuss the notion of risks and the risk management process ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 5 Slide 2 Topics covered Management activities Project planning Project scheduling Risk management ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 5 Slide 3 Software project management Concerned with activities involved in ensuring that software is delivered on time and on schedule and in accordance with the requirements of the organisations developing and procuring the software. Project management is needed because software development is always subject to budget and schedule constraints that are set by the organisation developing the software. ©Ian Sommerville 2004 Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 5 Slide 4 Software management distinctions The product is intangible. The product is uniquely flexible. Software engineering is not recognized as an engineering discipline with the sane status as mechanical, electrical engineering, etc. The software development process is not standardised. Many software projects are 'one-off'...
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...D2 - Evaluate the risks involved in the installation or upgrade of software and explain how the risks could be minimised. What are the potential risks involved throughout software upgrades and installation? One of the various risks that may occur in the installation process is the risk of incompatibility. Prior to installation or upgrading, it is vital to ensure that the computer system meets the requirements to install and use the software. As software is developed and released, the capabilities of the computer system must be improved to meet these needs. If software is installed onto a computer system that does not meet the requirements, it poses a risk of being unable to fully installed and become faulty. This may also lead to instability and cause conflicts and system errors due to the incompatibility of the software and the system. Instability is another risk that can occur in the installation process. Unstable applications can result in bugs and errors in the computer system, causing applications to become unresponsive and frequently freeze and crash. In addition to this, software acquired through unreliable third party sources may also be faulty and may result in instability...
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...companies and business which requires an efficient and low-cost execution of risk analysis. Their business model was based on short-term software leasing. The company leased clients a CD containing a risk management application priced at $30000 annually per user and was password protected, after that clients paid by the month for the new password. Organizational Structure Since RiskMetrics Group was a new company, that formerly was a subsidiary of J.P Morgan, Berman used FLAT organizational structure. There were pro’s and con’s by using this kind of organizational structure: Competitive Advantage One of the major competitive advantage of RMG is its payment method. They use leasing payment method to attract costumer and make the costumer financial burden lighter. II. TIME LINE Early 90’s The RiskMetrics Group started as an in-house division of J.P. Morgan, the institutional investment bank. Dennis Weatherstone, chair of Morgan in the early 1990s, wanted a simple, concise daily report that measured the company’s proprietary risk at the end of each day. Why? Because the needs for accurate and clear measure of exposure to market volatilities. In the wake of such financial disasters such as Orange County, Barings, Daiwa and Showa Shell, banks and financial service firms recognized the need for accurate, clear measures of exposure to market volatility. The risk management tool known as value-at-risk, or VaR, grew out of this daily report. VaR attempted to answer the question...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT FOR COLLABORATIVE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MOJGAN MOHTASHAMI is a Ph.D. candidate at the School of Management of Rutgers University and a lecturer at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). She can be reached at mojgan@oak.njit.edu. THOMAS MARLOWE is a professor of mathematics and computer science at Seton Hall University. He received Ph.D.s from Rutgers in 1975 and 1989. VASSILKA KIROVA received a Ph.D. in computer science from NJIT. Her areas of interest include specification and software productivity and quality. She can be reached at kirova@bell-labs.com. FADI P. DEEK is professor and dean of the College of Science and Liberal Arts at NJIT. His research interests include software engineering and learning systems. Mojgan Mohtashami, Thomas Marlowe, Vassilka Kirova, and Fadi P. Deek Collaborative software development involving multiple organizational units, often spanning national, language, and cultural boundaries, raises new challenges and risks that can derail software development projects even when traditional risk factors are being controlled. This article presents a framework that can be used to manage collaborative software development projects, based on an extended set of risk management principles. Three risk factors — trust, culture, and collaborative communication — are discussed in depth. OLLABORATIVE SOFTWARE DEVELOPment (CSD) entails multiple teams, working for multiple organizational units within the same or different companies, and no clear...
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...help identify the correctness, completeness and quality of developed computer software. With that in mind, testing can never completely establish the correctness of computer software. [pic]There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing of complex products is essentially a process of investigation, not merely a matter of creating and following rote procedure. One definition of testing is "the process of questioning a product in order to evaluate it", where the "questions" are things the tester tries to do with the product, and the product answers with its behavior in reaction to the probing of the tester. Although most of the intellectual processes of testing are nearly identical to that of review or inspection, the word testing is connoted to mean the dynamic analysis of the product—putting the product through its paces. The quality of the application can and normally does vary widely from system to system but some of the common quality attributes include reliability, stability, portability, maintainability and usability. Refer to the ISO standard ISO 9126 for a more complete list of attributes and criteria. Testing helps is Verifying and Validating if the Software is working as it is intended to be working. Thins involves using Static and Dynamic methodologies to Test the application. Because of the fallibility of its human designers and its own abstract, complex nature, software development must be accompanied by quality assurance activities. It is not...
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...Align Risks, Threats, & Vulnerabilities to COBIT P09 Risk Management Controls 1. a. Unauthorized access from public internet - HIGH b. User destroys data in application and deletes all files - LOW c. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability – HIGH d. Communication circuit outages - MEDIUM e. User inserts CD’s and USB hard drives with personal photos, music and videos on organization owned computers - MEDIUM 2. a. PO9.3 Event Identification – Identify threats with potential negative impact on the enterprise, including business, regulatory, legal, technology, trading partner, human resources and operational aspects. b. PO9.4 Risk Assessment – Assess the likelihood and impact of risks, using qualitative and quantitative methods. c. PO9.5 Risk Response – Develop a response designed to mitigate exposure to each risk – Identify risk strategies such as avoidance, reduction, acceptance – determine associated responsibilities; and consider risk tolerance levels. 3. a. Unauthorized access from public internet - AVAILABILITY b. User destroys data in application and deletes all files - INTEGRITY c. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability – CONFIDENTIALITY d. Communication circuit outages - AVAILABILITY e. User inserts CD’s and USB hard drives with personal photos, music and videos on organization owned computers - INTEGRITY 4. a. Unauthorized access from public internet – Operating system, software patches...
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...installation or upgrade of new software For this task I will be explaining the advantages and the potential disadvantages of installing or upgrading a new software. Advantages * One of the advantages of installing or upgrading the new software will be that is will have a faster performance on the computer. So basically the computer will work faster and will respond faster to you so for example say that you are going to open an application or surf the web then when click on it then the computer will respond accordingly and will act fast and do the commands given very fast. * Secondly the advantage of upgrading the software can by chance fix and remove any bugs and then this will help your computer run more smoothly and you will less likely experience any faults or crashing on your computer and also by installing any new patches that are there for the software can also help remove any bugs and the patches might even come with some new and added features. * When upgrading or installing new software then you might be able to get some features that might of not have been available on your old software and might even give you functions like the ones that can increase productivity say if it’s in a business and with the new added functionality and features then this might also help the computer to perform faster and more efficient * One of the main reason why installing and upgrading new software helps is that with new and upgraded software comes improved security...
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...cycle by emphasizing the detection and correction of defects. There are two types of software testing that people usually refer to. The first one is through Waterfall Model and the second one is Agile Testing. Both of these models have their own advantages and disadvantages. By weighting the advantages and disadvantages between these two concepts, we will then be able to decide on which one that we can use as a referral to do software testing. Before we begin to decide on which concepts that we can refer to, let’s take a look at each of the concepts. Waterfall Model Waterfall model is known as a sequential model. Once the stage has completed then developers can move on to the next step. This model requires an extensive plan so that we can minimize the error of going back to the previous stage. To be able to complete the project using the Waterfall method, both sides should be able the requirements and able to present what is should look like after completing the project in the beginning. Waterfall model consist of eight stages. They are: System requirement, Software requirement, Analysis, Design, Coding, Test and Use. Figure 1.0 – Waterfall Model The real purpose of software testing is to verify whether the completed software package functions according to the expectations defined by the requirements/specifications. The objective is not to find every software bug that exists, but to uncover situations that could negatively impact the customer, usability...
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...Abstract Writing of this paper is purposely to focus on risk identification for this project. I will be explaining those risks that considered being high risk and their potential effects on the said project. More so, I will be outlining a risk mitigation strategy for the selected high risk. The system is to allow this big organization, which has four locations in United State and more than 30,000 employees, to develop her employees professionally through this new system. The development of the project scope management plan, the project scope definition will be provided, including its deliverable and constraints. In this decade there are two serious risks that always face any potential and effective projects. These risks are capable of causing a big damage to any project and if is not handle with care it may cripple the effectiveness of any project. For this particular project, since there are four locations for with this big company will be operating from and with over thirty thousand employees (30,000). The objective of what the project must cover has created a potential threat for it. Covering these four locations, there must be software to run the program that will allow the effectiveness of the said project. So therefore, software acquisition and its development could be seen as a major risk for the said project. Software acquisition and development are two of the most risk prone challenges of this decade. Risk factors are always present that can negatively impact the...
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...1.2 PROJECT PLANNING The software project management process begins with the set of activities that are collectively called project planning. The objective of software planning is to provide a framework that enables administrator to make reasonable estimates of resources, cost and schedule. • MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES Management needs information as software is intangible, this information can only be provided as documents that describe the state of the software being developed without this information it is impossible to judge progress and schedules cannot be updated. Milestone is an end point of the software process activity Month Starting Date Ending Date Days Project Work Milestone 1 July 1/7/2015 10/7/2015 10 Search problems...
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...important for Kudler Fine Foods to assess their risks, analyze them, and come up with internal controls and keep them underway. The management of Kudler Fine Foods has reviewed the flowcharts and is requesting information on the controls. The risks involved may hinder the development and work that Kudler Fine Foods does and should be assessed and assigned internal controls to reduce the negative possibilities that associate with the risks. This brief will discuss and analyze the risks from the Accounting Information Systems, identify the risks and controls issued from the flowcharts, design controls to mitigate the risks, evaluate the application of internal control, and discuss other controls. Risks of AIS Team D suggested purchasing industry specific software. Industry specific software is software that comes with a pre-cut software for companies to use that has already been tweaked and fixed malfunctions (Visco, 2005). When Kudler Fine Foods purchases industry specific software they are getting the software that the company and employees can mold to benefit the company (Visco, 2005). However, with every system comes a risk. Kudler Fine Foods is chancing purchasing software that will not fit the companies every need by purchasing pre-made software. Accounting Information Systems contain risks at the point of data collection. If there is not security controls maintaining the transfer and input of data this can pose a risk to the company (Beard & Wen, 2007). The system...
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...editing software from Non-Linear Pro. They purchased this software hoping to reduce their existing video editing time. They selected this software because the sales person from the Non-Linear Pro Company assured Quick Take Video that the software would accomplish their needs to cut the video editing production times in half. The day software was delivered to the company, employee Janet and her associate quickly started working on it. After completing the training and going through the manuals, they were unable to make the software perform as assured by the Non-Linear Pro. They were unable to get the software functioning more than five minutes because of software crashes and lock-ups. Their supervisor questioned their findings about the software. Janet and her associate explained to the supervisor that the entire company took one day training and read the manual but still could not get software working. No-Linear Pro suggested that product training will help the software to be up and running in a day and will be twice as fast reducing the production time in half. To make thing worse Janet cut her finger on a sharp flange from the CD drive. The packaging was very poor and there were no warning labels on the CD drive. On evaluating this scenario Non-Linear Pro is in multiple tort violations. Here is the list of torts- 1. Tort of negligence for not having a warning label of the likely harm because of unsafe packaging. 2. Tort of misrepresentation because the software did not...
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...Agency Name Project Name Risk Assessment and Management Process (RAMP) Version: (n) Date: (mm/dd/yyyy) Document History and Distribution 1. Revision History |Revision # |Revision Date |Description of Change |Author | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. Distribution |Recipient Name |Recipient Organization |Distribution Method | | | | | | | | ...
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