...John Edgar Hoover Bibliography The historical person I chose to discuss in this paper is John Edgar Hoover. John Edgar Hoover was the first director of The Federal Bureau of Investigation. He was the most important factor in the creation of the FBI in 1935. He remained the director of the FBI until his death in 1972. He was well connected politically and was considered to be extremely efficient and well organized. John Edgar Hoover was born on January 1, 1895. His father passed away when he was young and his death severely lowered the finances in the family’s household. Hoover was forced to get a job and found work at the Library of Congress. During his time at the Library of Congress, he also studied law at George Washington University. Hoover graduated in 1917 and found work with the Justice Department. He quickly worked his way up through the ranks and, in two years, became Special Assistant to the Attorney General. He spent his early years in the Justice Department, heading an organization which gathered evidence on communists in America, which led to arrests and deportation. Hoover would later work in the Bureau of Investigation, which would later become the FBI under his supervision. He also helped introduce new innovations to police technology, such as centralized finger print files and forensic laboratories. J. Edgar Hoover accomplished many things as the director of the FBI during his reign. Although he was an intricate part of crime fighting...
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...When most people hear the name J. Edgar Hoover they think of a man who was very powerful. He was a criminologist and became the man who changed the Bureau of Investigation to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and remain at his position for 48 years until his death in 1972. Hoover worked hard to achieve his prestige and success, but he was not an honest man. Hoover was a blackmailing, prejudice, and manipulating man who was jealous of other people’s accomplishment and used his position to benefit himself and burry who he once was. J. Edgar Hoover was born in born in Washington, D.C., on January 1, 1895. Born to Dickerson Naylor Hoover and Annie Marie Scheitlin Hoover, Edgar was the youngest of the three. Hoover did well during his time in high school, playing an active role in the school’s ROTC program he was always very focused and became the valedictorian of his class. After high school he took a job at the Library of Congress, and in three years made it through George Washington University’s law program. After Hoover had successfully passed the bar in 1917 in that same year he joined the U.S. Department of Justice. Hoover’s first job in the Department of Justice was as a clerk in the files division, in less than a year he was promoted. He was known for his enthusiasm and his strong attention to detail. After many men of Hoover’s age group registered for the war his promotions came one after another until he reached the top and became...
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...Rap COINTELPRO: Subverting the power of Hip-Hop By FinalCall.com News Updated Jul 24, 2005, 10:53 pm One-on-One with BlackElectorate.com's Cedric Muhammad |[pic] | Political commentator Cedric Muhammad published a series of Rap COINTELPRO articles on his website (BlackElectorate.com) beginning in 2000 initially dealing with the suspicious circumstances surrounding the deaths of Tupac Shakur (2Pac) and Christopher Wallace (Notorious B.I.G.) With great insight, in later parts of the series, Brother Cedric broadened the topical range identifying and investigating the stratagem implemented by a growing number of police departments across the United States dealing specifically with increased surveillance – some would even say harassment – of Hip Hop artists and the peculiar treatment of crimes occurring within the Hip Hop community. Brother Cedric spoke with Final Call Online Correspondent Ashahed Muhammad about the relationship of those subjects to the global strategy of the infamous J. Edgar Hoover – whose plan was to stifle progressive activism within the Black community and to prevent the rise of a "Black Messiah." Ashahed Muhammad (AM): Thank you for taking time out of your schedule. I know you are busy writing, publishing, being a consultant and political advisor, etc. I appreciate you taking the time to speak with me today. Cedric Muhammad (CM): Thank you. And it’s of course the greatest honor to be interviewed...
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...The United States (U.S) and it’s ideals have greatly impacted foreign affairs since the founding of the nation. Though most ideals shift over hundreds of years, American exceptionalism has remained unchanged. As demonstrated by J. Edgar Hoover and Richard Nixon’s anti-communist agendas, the U.S has not been tolerant of communist, marxist, or anti-democratic rumblings in the western hemisphere. The second red scare on U.S soil indicates how repulsive to the American populace the ideal of communism had become, and how easily it could be manipulated as a political weapon. Intervention in situations where European powers are attempting to enter Latin America was justified by the Roosevelt Corollary. This gave the government the right to interfere...
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..."Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist party?" Many citizens of the U.S. were seen as potential traitors were asked the asked this question, this was the reign of McCarthyism. According to Authentic History.com: " McCarthyism was the practice of investigating and accusing persons in positions of power or influence of disloyalty, subversion (working secretly to undermine or overthrow the government), or treason. Reckless accusations that the government was full of communists were pursued by Republican-led committees with subpoena power and without proper regard for evidence." ( Michael Barnes). In the making of the McCarthy era the Cold War had a major role in this historical event based on the fear that was expanded,...
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...The Black Panthers vs. The Black Panthers The sixties was a time in American society where the youth from the post-war baby boom era became teenagers and the young adults. The movement from the conservative fifties continued and eventually resulted in the revolutionary ways of thinking and change in the cultural of the American way of life. With an extreme admiration of no longer being an image of their predeceasing generation, young Americans wanted and demanded change. These changes affected education, values, laws, entertainment, and the way of life for several citizens around the country. As society, it is extremely important to understand that although the valiant efforts and impact that African American’s had, particularly in the 1950’s and 1960’s, in helping restructure American culture, many of the racist views of the past still play apart in American society. The 1950’s is often described as the calm before the storm of the 1960’s. During this time period, society was very much conformed to the views of conservative living. The desire for security during this era, reinforced by McCarthyism at home and the Korean War, created was known as the cold war culture. During the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under President Truman and Eisenhower. Because of extreme paranoia caused by Communism following WWII, conformity in the United States became an ideal way to distinguish American culture from the rest of the world. Conformity...
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...Twenties Women Before First World War * Women could not vote. * Middle/upper class women did not work but had the role of mothers and housewives. Working class women had low paid jobs such as factory work and cleaning. * Women usually wore full length dresses, wore no make up and had their hair tied back in buns. * Divorce was very rare and so was sex before marriage. * Women did not smoke or drink in public. * They had to go out with a chaperone (a family member) when they met their boyfriend. How did the First World War change the lives of women? * During the war, women began to work in areas like heavy industry. They proved they could work as well as men. By 1929, there were 10 million women workers; a rise of 24% since 1920. * Working gave women independence and they began smoking and drinking in public. * Women were given the vote in August 1920 but few were chosen to be actual politicians. * Production of consumer goods such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines meant women had more time for leisure activities. * Flappers emerged in the 1920’s = women from middle and upper class families from the Northern States. They cut their hair in short bobs, wore make up, short skirts and bright clothes. They also smoked and drank in public, went to speakeasies, danced the Charleston with men and listened to Jazz and drove cars and motorbikes. * BUT many groups, particularly in rural areas thought the flappers were...
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...Courage and Moral Leadership 5/16/14 Dr. Alvin Lee Strayer University Analyze the qualities that mirror courage and moral leadership in the leader, and document those qualities (moral traits) as discussed by Daft (2010) (Chapter 6: Courage and Moral Leadership). Martin Luther King, Jr. was the mirror image of a moral and courageous leader. Dr. King upheld his morality principles as well as set examples for his followers. Dr. King had special virtues in which he lived and they was love, courage, hope amongst others. " Love, courage, hope, non conformity, and impatience were embodied in the sit-ins, boycotts, and marches, in which King himself was often a participant" (Rice 2004). Dr. King wanted his followers to be just and kind and to not use oppression as a crutch. Despite being spit on, sprayed with a hose and verbally assaulted he was able to manage frustration and anger and continue his peaceful rally. Dr. King was not one to hold his tongue especially about issues concerning his people. In one instance researchers say " King lamented Negroes' lack of "initiative," lambasted blacks for spending above their means, and expressed no patience with blacks who had "used their oppression as an excuse for mediocrity" (Rice 2004). King was well disciplined and courageous in his efforts. He spoke courage through to his followers to keep them encourage and give them strength. He believed “courage does not entail indifference to danger any more than it...
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...India is transforming demographically, in which the population of a nation slows down and life expectancy increases, participation of women in labor force and rate of saving increases. India has its own issues like illiteracy, income disparity, gap between haves and have-nots; etc. This study explores demographic dividend in case of India by studying issues and challenges, the policies to be implemented and lessons to be learned from countries like Japan, Ireland and Thailand. By 2025, India will have over 65% population under working class. This is a unique window of opportunity for deploying resources. This study explores the benefits to be realized and the policies to be implemented; now India is well poised for becoming a super economic power. As all developed nations will have older population by 2026, as their population is aging. It means if India can take the advantage of this situation, by proper deployment of resources, by converting the human potential in to engine of economic growth. This period of demographic dividend is an opportunity for overall growth; it’s not the guarantee for improving the standard of living. This window of opportunity demands from youth, the right skills and aptitude for employability. Developing nations like India goes through a transition phase, in which the economy shifts from agrarian to industrial production and growth of services sector. Industrial countries have largely completed what is called the "demographic transition"—the transition...
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...The Lavender Scare: How America’s Persecution of Homosexuality Marked a Turning Point in Legalized Discrimination? Cosmo Vanzyl Senior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 2,498. Joan Cassidy, former captain in the U.S. Navy Reserve, explained that “[the interrogators] swooped in like death with a scythe, sweeping through the place and. questioning [the women] about their sexual lives and whether they were gay.” Captain Cassidy was one of many gay government employees who lost their livelihoods and dignity due to the drastic rise in American extremism and the anti-communist witch hunts of the Cold War. The visibility of the queer community rose alongside the American norms developed amid the paranoia of Cold War presidential...
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...U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation 2012 The Strategic Information and Operations Center at FBI Headquarters is the 24/7 command post that monitors FBI operations and law enforcement activities around the globe. An FBI agent examines a potentially contaminated letter during a white powder training exercise. 2012 The FBI Story I A Message from FBI Director Robert S. Mueller, III For the FBI and its partners, 2012 was a year that reminded us once again of the seriousness of the security threats facing our nation. During the year, extremists plotted to attack—unsuccessfully, thanks to the work of our Joint Terrorism Task Forces—the U.S. Capitol, the New York Federal Reserve Bank, and other landmarks on U.S. soil. Tragically, on the 11th anniversary of 9/11, a hateful attack in Benghazi took the lives of the U.S. Ambassador to Libya and three other Americans. In the cyber realm, a rising tide of hackers took electronic aim at global cyber infrastructure, causing untold damages. High-dollar white-collar crimes of all kinds also continued to siphon significant sums from the pocketbooks of consumers. And in Newtown, Connecticut, 20 young children and six adults lost their lives in one of the worst mass shootings in American history, ending a year of violence that saw similar tragedies around the country. Working with its colleagues around the globe, the FBI is committed to taking a leadership role in protecting the nation. As you can see from...
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...6/28/13 CCJ/HIS 4700 History of Corrections The earliest forms of the American Correctional Systems were similar in many ways with those practiced in England. Up until the 1780s, punishment by imprisonment was unknown in Europe or the European colonies. Punishments for criminal behavior tended to be public events which were designed to shame the person and deter others; these included the ducking stool, the pillory, whipping, branding, mutilations and the stocks (woodfin.org 2013). Corporal punishment was inflicted almost exclusively on the lower classes, since the rich were usually able to pay fines instead. At the time the sentence for many other offences was death. Colonialists never considered the possibility of rehabilitation; their aim was to frighten the offender into law abiding behavior. Unlike today where prisons are viewed as instruments of punishment, this has not always been the case. The common jail dates back hundreds of years, but was used solely as a means of detention, a temporary place for the prisoner until acquitted, fined, or subjected to corporal punishment (Schamalleger, F. 2010). Pennsylvania was determined to be different from other colonies. Founder William Penn brought his Quaker values to the new colony, relying on imprisonment with hard labor and fines as the treatment for most crimes, while death remained the penalty only for murder. In 1790 Philadelphia’s Walnut Street Jail became the first prison by the Pennsylvania Quakers. In the...
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...Communism is a type of government and philosophy. Its goal is to form a society where everything is shared equally. All people are treated equally and there is little private ownership. In a communist government, the government owns and controls most everything including property, means of production, education, transportation, and agriculture. History of Communism Karl Marx is considered the Father of Communism. Marx was a German philosopher and economist who wrote about his ideas in a book called the Communist Manifesto in 1848. His communist theories have also become known as Marxism. Marx described ten important aspects of a communist government: * No private property * A single central bank * High income tax that would rise significantly as you made more * All property rights would be confiscated * No inheritance rights * The government would own and control all communication and transportation * The government would own and control all education * The government would own and control factories and agriculture * Farming and regional planning would...
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.../ˈfæʃɪzəm/ is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism[1][2] that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. Influenced by national syndicalism, fascism originated in Italy during World War I, in opposition to liberalism, Marxism, and anarchism. Fascism is usually placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.[3][4] Fascists saw World War I as a revolution. It brought revolutionary changes in the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilian and combatant. A "military citizenship" arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war.[5][6] The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines or provide economic production and logistics to support those on the front lines, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.[5][6] Fascists view World War I as having made liberal democracy obsolete, and regard total mobilization of society under a totalitarian single-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic...
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...3 COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES In chapte r 2, we described the growth of a new kind of terrorism, and a new terrorist organization—especially from 1988 to 1998, when Usama Bin Ladin declared war and organized the bombing of two U.S. embassies. In this chapter, we trace the parallel evolution of government efforts to counter terrorism by Islamic extremists against the United States. We mention many personalities in this report. As in any study of the U.S. government, some of the most important characters are institutions. We will introduce various agencies, and how they adapted to a new kind of terrorism. 3.1 FROM THE OLD TERRORISM TO THE NEW: THE FIRST WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING At 18 minutes after noon on February 26, 1993, a huge bomb went off beneath the two towers of the World Trade Center.This was not a suicide attack.The terrorists parked a truck bomb with a timing device on Level B-2 of the underground garage, then departed.The ensuing explosion opened a hole seven stories up. Six people died. More than a thousand were injured. An FBI agent at the scene described the relatively low number of fatalities as a miracle.1 President Bill Clinton ordered his National Security Council to coordinate the response. Government agencies swung into action to find the culprits.The Counterterrorist Center located at the CIA combed its files and queried sources around the world. The National Security Agency (NSA), the huge Defense Department signals collection agency, ramped up its communications...
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