...Overview “Violence is a disease, a disease that corrupts all who use it regardless of the cause.” These are the wise words of renowned author Chris Hedges. In today’s society, this proverbial disease has spread and has come to plague one demographic in particular: teenagers. It appears that incidents of teenage violence are always swarming the media and dominating news coverage which has led to psychologists and sociologists desperately trying to find the source of this aggression. However, even in this epidemic of violence amongst adolescents, there is one social organization in which acts of violence are not just tolerated, but glorified and encouraged as well; the world of contact sports. Could participation in contact sports be a major contributing factor in the widespread occurrence of teen violence? This study focuses on the correlation between teenagers’ involvement in contact sports, and their development of violent tendencies, and it will help reveal whether there is a correlation at all between the two, and if so to what degree. Specifically, it will explain if, through the acceptance of violent acts performed in sports, a teenager is desensitized to violence and assumes those same acts are tolerated outside of the sports environment. It will also tap into the closely related matter of whether the glorification of these violent acts in sports, subconsciously teaches teenagers that violence is a good thing even outside of the sports environment. Finally, it will...
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...Violent Computer Games What effects do such games have on aggression? Theoretical approaches • Idea of catharsis: “The occurrence of any act of aggression is assumed to reduce the instigation to aggress.” (Dollard et al., 1939; p. 50) further violence is less likely • • The frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard et al., 1939) Unspecific release of aggressive energy (Lorenz, 1974) Exemplary Evidence - Violent Computer Games • Watching a trailer for a violent computer game causes higher aggression-related judgments (Möller & Krahé, 2006) Playing violent computer games increases hostility (Anderson & Ford, 1986) • • Playing violent computer games increases the accessibility of aggression-related constructs and aggressive behavior (Anderson & Dill, 2000) No valid empirical evidence for catharsis after violent computer games. Accessibility from Semantic Sources • • Subliminally primed aggression-related constructs lead to higher aggressiveness ratings. (Bargh & Pietromonaco, 1982) Unconsciously activated aggression causes more aggressive behavior. (Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996) Weapon effect: Presence of aggression-related cues increases accessibility of aggression-related constructs. (Berkowitz & LePage, 1967; Anderson, Benjamin, & Bartholow, 1998) • Accessible aggressive constructs influence aggressionrelated judgments and aggressive behavior. Recent and frequent construct use determine accessibility. Accessibility from Goals Construct...
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...INTRODUCTION The sole purpose of this project is to examine whether children behave Differently, after they have been watching violence on television. In addition the question that is of paramount importance to this whole piece of investigative work is: • Are children more likely to imitate acts of violence or aggressive behavior because of what they have seen on television? A continuing debate between Broadcasters and Scientists is permanently ongoing and in spite of the accumulation of evidence between the links of viewing television violence and children’s behavior the debate goes on. Furthermore, media professionals would rather believe that television has no effects other than those intended, thousands of studies have pointed to casual relationships between television violence and real-life crime. In spite of numerous research studies, the perception continues that the effects of television violence are unclear, even contradictory. Moreover, blaming the media could be an easy option for some and can serve to divert attention from other causes or change going on in a child’s life, and so claims about the, “Effects of Television” could be massively exaggerated. This ongoing debate has inspired a great deal of research, one of the most well-known and publicized experiments was that of Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll studies, which are now widely regarded as early research classics in the field of psychology. I am going to...
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...Guidelines for RC Tones Possible tone | Meaning of the word | Acerbic | Harsh/ severe; bitter | Aggressive | Forceful; tending towards unprovoked offensiveness | Angry/indignant | | Apathetic | Emotionless; not interested/ concerned; indifferent; unresponsive | Apologetic | Expressing remorse, regret, sorrow for having failed, injured, insulted or wronged another | Belligerent | Aggressively hostile; bellicose | Biased | Favouring one thing/person/group over another for personal reasons. | Caustic | Biting; acerbic | Commiserating | Feeling/ expressing sorrow for; empathizing with; pity | Condescending | Patronizing; showing/implying patronising descent from dignity/ superiority | Contemptuous | Expressing contempt/ disdain | Cynical | displaying a belief that people are always self-seeking and never altruistic in their actions | Derisive | Unkind and displaying contempt | Disparaging | Speak slightingly; depreciating; belittling | Dogmatic | Asserting opinions in an arrogant manner; imperious; dictatorial | Emotional | Easily affected by feelings actuated by experiencing love, hate, fear and the like | Ethical | Dealing with principles of morality; honest; righteous | Euphemistic | Substitution of mild, indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt | Grandiose | More complicated/ elaborated than necessary; pompous | Humanistic | Evincing keen interest in human affairs, nature, welfare, values | Humourous...
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...Are You A Good Communicator? Communication is the process of sharing one’s information to another person or a group of people whether it is one’s thoughts or his or her feelings through spoken words, written words, or body language. Effective communication requires that the transmitted information is received and understood by the receiver in the way it was intended. Interpersonal relationships are important particularly in the health care industry for teamwork and forming positive working relationships between the health care team and their patients. Trust in health care is an important interpersonal skill and the cornerstone of effective doctor-patient relationships. “The need for interpersonal trust relates to the vulnerability associated with being ill. Without trust patients may well not access services at all, let alone disclose all medically relevant information” (Rowe & Calnan, 2006, p4). Trust is also an important interpersonal element in effective healthcare team development. A supportive climate encourages open, honest, and constructive interactions among informal conversations and formal conversations. While a defensive climate leads to competitive or even destructive conflict. According to Dr. Jack Gibb, who was a distinguished psychologist and a consultant for various organizations for five decades, there are six dimensions of behavior. Each dimension has an opposite or polar end. One side of the dimension creates a defensive climate, while the opposite...
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...8A1 This assignment lets you explore a quasi-experimental model using ANCOVA data analytical approach. By doing this data analysis project, you will understand a new quantitative research model when randomized sampling is not a choice. Specifically, you will develop analytical skills to use covariate to control for or partial out effects of pre-existing differences carried by sampling. To complete the assessment, answer each question, providing IBM SPSS analysis when necessary to support your answer. For this assignment, use the small batch of data provided by Warner's textbook on page 724. These are hypothetical data. We will imagine that a three-group quasi-experimental study was done to compare the effects of three treatments on the aggressive behavior of male children. Xc, the covariate, is a pretest measure of aggressiveness: the number of aggressive behaviors emitted by each child when the child is first placed in a neutral playroom situation. This measure was done prior to exposure to the treatment. Children could not be randomly assigned to treatment groups, so the groups did not start out exactly equivalent on aggressiveness. The dependent variable, Y, is a posttest measure: the number of aggressive behaviors emitted by each child after exposure to one of the three treatments. Treatment A consisted of three different films. The A1 group saw a cartoon animal behaving aggressively. The A2 group saw a human female model behaving aggressively. The A3group saw a human male...
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...In todays society, spanking is a major controversial topic. Spanking is the act of striking a child’s buttocks with an open hand (Moninger). Only a short 38 years ago in 1974 the United States passed the Child Abuse and Treatment Act prior to this act spanking children was considered a “family matter” and was not something others questioned (CAPTA). A poll of 1,000 readers on parents.com eighty-one percent said they had spanked their child at least once and twenty-two percent do so once a week or more (Moninger). This figure is consistent with the 2007 study that was published in the “Psychology, Public Policy, and Law” Journal which stated that nearly eighty percent of kids are spanked at least once by fifth grade (Moninger). Many people today still believe that it is still family business while others believe spanking is a form of child abuse which is a non-productive way to handle things and scares children for the rest of their lives (Squidoo). Though there are some Pros to spanking, do we know what the long term effects of spanking are on children under the age of 13? Some of the Pros of spanking are that it can be effective on a short term basis by getting the child to change the negative behavior that caused the spanking in the first place (Dr.Phil). When spanking is used in conjunction with more of a humane disciplinary method, such as time outs, it seems to have a greater affect on children from ages two to six (Dr.Phil). Also it seems that parents who use time...
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...Coping With Bullying in Schools School Bullying Unit 6 Project Kennetha Kornegay CM107 I. Introduction a. As the safety of U.S. Schools has become an important public policy issue, interest in the problem of school bullying has intensified. b. A report, released in 2002 by the U.S. Secret Service, concluded that bullying plays a big role in many school shooting. II. Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. a. Affects those who witness bullying b. Affects those who are bullied c. Affects those who bully III. What counselors do to help with bullying? A. offer one-on-one counseling B. transactional analysis C. cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) IV. What can parents do? a. Talk to your child; sit down in a quiet place with no arguing and talk with your child about the negative effects of bullying and how they can help to prevent it. All kids need to be aware of this, whether they are getting bullied or not, because if they witness it they need to contact their adult superior for help. b. Talk to the teacher; set up random conferences with their teacher to make sure that the child is neither bullying nor getting bullied. The teacher usually notices these types of negative behaviors being present at the schools. c. Talk to the head of schools; if the teacher or principal at the school could not prevent the bullying from reoccurring, then the parent may have to contact the head...
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...Children raised under different parenting styles are going to react differently to the changes that come with age. I am going to look at how they would react to the physical changes of mid-life, for example, declining physical abilities. In my mind I feel that an adult that grew up in an authoritative household would handle his/her declining physical abilities the best. They will be the most emotionally well-adjusted and mature, allowing them to accept the negative aspect of their physical changes. They are more independent and will face the situation head on. They will most likely surround themselves with others that will show them the same types of love and support that they were brought up with. In my mind I feel that an adult that grew up in an authoritarian household will either be angry or depressed when faced with the same challenges. These children tend to lean toward being aggressive or withdrawn, those emotions will channel into anger or depression. They might be depressed that they cannot do the things they used to do; they might just turn into "couch potatoes." Conversely, they could also become very bitter because their body is declining. If they were to become angry, they would probably take out their frustrations on others around them. I also feel that an adult that grew up in a permissive household would probably be more prone to do something that would injure themselves. Since they tend to be impulsive, they might turn to drugs as a way to cope...
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...if we are to communicate effectively. Here we will explore different types of communication behaviour, their descriptions and characteristics, causes and effects, and lastly, will consider possible uses of these behaviours. Consider 4 different types of behaviour: • aggressive • submissive • avoidance • assertive Let’s consider each one in turn. Aggressive behaviour offends or isolates someone else’s rights. It is a showing, perhaps both physically and verbally, of anger or dominance. It can be an automatic reaction or a one-off reaction to a particularly sensitive or threatening situation, or perhaps ‘the straw that broke the camel’s back’. Aggression can sometimes be an expression of fear, lack of self-esteem, or inability to control a situation in any other way. Aggression...
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...The movie deals with the cognitive, psychosocial, physical, and moral development of the characters throughout the film. The Breakfast Club is about people, personality types, human behavior, strengths and vulnerabilities. It is about stereotypes and breaking them down. It’s about prejudice and gaining greater understanding through communication. It’s about rebellion, and also about teamwork. Every character in the film contributed something unique in society which allowed them to learn something new about themselves and about others. The Breakfast Club is a norm in today society because many people go through the major developmental themes of that these characters experienced and many teenagers can relate to their stories. The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club, created in 1985, contained a wide variety of behavior cues and stereotypes. Five teenagers Claire, Andrew, Bender, Brian, and, Allison were from different social groups, didn’t know each other , and had to spend a Saturday in detention at the suburban school library. They were resistant on getting to know one another at the beginning but eventually let in. The stresses and strains of adolescence turned their inner lives into a minefield of disappointment, anger and despair. The movie used elements from many of the principle theories of personality development, which helped to better understand who these characters are and who they are likely to become in the future. The character I was most intrigued with...
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...Pleasantville In Pleasantville, color represents passion, love, art, and risk. In the scene at Lover’s Lane, Bud describes the color as loud, scary, and dangerous. Fear of the unknown is the main conflict in the movie. Many in the movie, such as the Mayor and Whitey are threaten and fearful of the color. The Mayor describes Pleasantville as a traditional town, a “pleasant” town. He uses the towns traditional ways and values to create a code of conduct. The code of conduct attempts to suppress and outlaw activities that cause or bring additional color to the town. The Mayor imprisons Bud and tries to prosecute him for breaking the code of conduct. Whitey and his gang use violence, harassment and aggression to intimidate the people of color. So the “pleasant” citizens use violence and power in an attempt to discourage the activities they believe to be causing the colors to appear in their town. All of this is symbolism to historical racial conflict, Whitey and his gang symbolize the America’s KKK. The mayor and his code of conduct symbolizes the Nazi’s and their racial hatred toward those that are different then the arian race. One scene in the movie we see a sign in the window of a town store that says “No Colors,” this is symbolism for America’s ugly segregation past. The movie challenges the viewer to recognize that those with differences in society may cause volatility and push us outside of our comfort zones, but embracing the differences can make society better...
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...English Composition May 15th 2012 The Video Game Connection We are the first generation to grow up in a world full of computers. Everywhere you look there are computers, cell phones and now even notebooks and iPads. There are many uses for these new technologies such as data entry and audio programs. Some use computers to access the internet for information or to contact people via email or social media but a very large portion of individuals are using this new technology to play video games. Video games started in the seventies, a small console that attached to your television with poor graphics and little animation. The video games that are currently the most popular today are based on violence and action, like shooting and auto theft but if adrenalin is not your cup of tea there is a video game for everyone, if you want to play golf, cards or even build your own city you can through a video game. Studies and research is showing us that this is not just a trend; video games are a part of an industry that is thriving in an economy that is suffering. It was only a matter of time before some started to see the popularity and start using video games to their advantage. There have been countless studies and research done to determine whether or not violence in video games causes aggressive / violent behavior in adolescents. It is widely disputed as to whether or not violent video games lead to aggressive behavior. For years, the U.S. armed forces have used big, sophisticated...
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...examine aggressive communication approaches that leaders utilize towards subordinate employees and the effect they have on the organization. The aim of this research is to gain an empirical insight to implications of the inter- and intra-personal relationships within the workplace. Aggressive communication according to Infante (1995) refers to the involvement of one individual (sender) applying force to influence another individual (receiver). In addition, abusive supervision is viewed as a significant source of psychological distress according to Restubog, Scott, and Zagenczyk (2011). The mode of communicative aggression varies from one person to another and is considered a behavioral script based on previous encounters in their lifetime. The interpretational and behavioral scripts a person brings to social situations influences that person’s preparedness for aggression (Huesmann, 1988). Communication is displayed through verbal and non-verbal means and is requisite in organizations where two or more employees have to interface either in person or remote from each other. Aggressive communication utilized by leadership breaks down the ability for the healthy ebb and flow of conversation to yield productive internal and external responses from the employee. Infante, Myers, and Buerkel 1994 state, “while it is commonplace in work groups for members to disagree and comment upon others' ideas, people who are highly verbally aggressive focus their criticisms on an individual's self-concept...
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...What is the subject? No violent movies or shows can be shown on television between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. What is your purpose? To convey my opinion on the issue at hand. Who is your audience? A close friend of mine. What tone will you use? Straightforward. Hey, Bobby. Did you hear about all the violence on television these days? Nobody would have dared show some of those things back when we were younger. Even on the adult channels, they kept it clean. I firmly believe that if a change is not made, the future could very well be ruined by the influence of violence on the children of today. We know good and well that a child will believe their idol at a young age, no matter what is said. Through this controversy, I have come up with a simple plan of action. No violent movies or shows may be allowed to be broadcasted on any television network between 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. Call me crazy, but I believe most kids should be asleep by 10:00 p.m. and not awake until after 5:00 a.m. Dad would have had a cow if he had caught me out of bed watching television after 9:00 p.m., much less 10:00 p.m. I firmly believe that a child will be more prone to violence if that is what they are exposed to in their daily life (i.e. television violence). One must wonder where the increased violence is coming from. Not just in our schools, but nearly everywhere else as well. “Kids will be kids” used to mean some shenanigans on occasion, but these days, kids are going just about...
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