...Superego Personified in Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre follows the story of Jane, an orphan, as she develops from a young girl to a young woman of marriageable age. While there are many other characters in the novel, the most developed ones are Jane and the two men that propose marriage to her: Edward Rochester and St. John Rivers. Almost a century after Bronte published her novel, Freud theorized that the psyche developed into three different parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. Jane Eyre’s three main characters personify these parts of the human psyche: Rochester represents the id, St. John the superego, and Jane the ego. Edward Rochester, Jane’s employer and the master of Thornfield, exemplifies Freud’s id. The id, as interpreted by Saul McLeod, is the part of the psyche that is the most basic, unconscious, instinctual part; it begins at birth and demands immediate satisfaction, it is also contains the libido. It acts according to the “pleasure principle” and seeks only self-gratification and pain avoidance (McLeod). Mr. Rochester, wealthy and with few responsibilities, is left free to spend his time pursuing pleasure, traveling Europe, and having an affair with the French singer and dancer Celine Varens. He is not bothered by society’s morals when he tries to marry Jane, even though it would make him a bigamist because he is already married to the woman hidden in his attic. The marriage to Jane also flaunts society’s norm of class separation, with him...
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...its old rival as the main form of literary entertainment. As with the drama at the Renaissance, it took intellectuals sometime to realize that a popular form might be rather significant. Human beings havealways told stories, but not always read the long prose narratives of the kind known asnovels. The reign of the novel has now lasted solong as to appear natural. There had been crazesfor the Gothic novel and for Scott’s fiction, yet itwas only in the 1840s, with Charles Dickens, thatthe novel again reached the popularity it hadenjoyed in the 1740s. Between 1847 and 1850appeared Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, VanityFair and David Copperfield. In 1860, Dickens wasstill at his peak, Mrs Gaskell and Trollope were going strong, and George Eliot hadbegun to publish. Poetry was popular, but prose more popular. The popularity of broadlyrealistic novels seems to go with the broadening basis of middle-class democracy.For the sake of clarity, this cornucopia of fiction is treated author by author, at theexpense of chronology, interrelation, context. Dickens coincidentally published his first novel in the year of...
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...the neglectful". Explore the methods which writers use to present the idea of neglect in light of this statement. 'Neglect' is defined as 'the state of being uncared for' and within Jane Eyre, neglect is a constant theme. This is evident in the way Jane is neglected from childhood, and how this has a knock-on effect on the way she behaves throughout the rest of her life. Other minor characters such as: Adela Varens, Mrs Fairfax and Bertha are victims of neglect. Through language, structure and the form of the novel Bronte creates an air of isolation. This in turn emphasises, primarily, Jane's neglect. The main way in which this is explored throughout Jane Eyre is how the main protagonist finds herself in states of constant isolation in every main stage of her life. It can be said that, essentially one of Jane's main aims during her journey through life is to finally experience reciprocated love and care, that lasts. Jane was arguably at her height of neglect during her childhood years and it is here that Bronte is able to present it most effectively. By emphasising that Jane was a neglected child, Bronte can elicit the most amount of sympathy from the reader. This theme is most apparent; firstly during her early childhood with the Reeds' and then at Lowood Institute. In the opening chapter, Jane sits at window sill which is described as the following; "Folds of scarlet drapery shut in my view to the right". The use of the phrase 'folds of scarlet' evokes a strong image of the...
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...English: Education System and school reforms during the Victorian Age; Charity schools, the theme of the educational model in “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte; the theme of Utilitarianism in the novel “Hard Times” by Charles Dickens The Cultural context during the Victorian period and the Education Act of 1870 Before 1870, education was largely unregulated and emerged in various forms such as the dame schools and charity schools. Dame schools were run by women who had little or no educational training themselves and were unsanitary, sometimes exploitative businesses where working-class children were taught basic literacy in overcrowded classes. The charity schools movement ensured basic education for children of low income families. These schools were run and owned by private individuals and were financed partly by student subscriptions and partly by endowments. The curriculum was based on strict moral and religious discipline, lessons were often taught from the Bible and students learned to be submissive and accept their lowly position in society. The upper and middle class sent their male children to expensive public (private) boarding schools and to college to become gentlemen, future heads of industry, finance and business, or top-rank civil servants to be employed throughout the Empire, in other words the future ruling class. Upper and middle-class girls were closely guarded by their parents till marriage and were generally educated at home by a governess. They had to hand...
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...life sometimes reflects the history of their life. Charlotte Bronte reveals her personal life and beliefs through Jane Eyre who experiences a difficult childhood and a spiritual journey toward knowing God. In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte’s Christian worldview is seen through man’s sinful nature from her experiences as a child which is shown through Mr. Brocklehurst, St. John’s and Helen’s view...
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...villainesses in their plots. The villains and villainesses in the following novels demonstrate the class struggle in society that existed in the Victorian era and that still exists today. The upper class who are described by Marx as ‘the bourgeois’ which (cited in Hamilton) he goes on to describe as; ‘the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labour’ (1991 p.57) have the power in society. The working class or what Marx refers to as ‘the proletariat’ which (cited in Hamilton) he goes on to describe as; ‘the class of modern wage labourers who having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling labour power in order to live’ (1991 p.57) are controlled by this power which often leaves them vulnerable to the rich. Furthermore, the villains and villainesses appear to be used in order to demonstrate the ‘inequalities of the rich and the poor’ (Eagleton 1996 p.200). The wealth of the ‘bourgeois’ gives them access to many privileges and opportunities that the poor can never have access to. In the first novel Jane Eyre (Bronte 1847) Mrs Reed highlights the selfish nature of the wealthy. She speaks of Jane as ‘such a burden to be left on my hands’ (1992 p.203) because she has no wealth of her own. Mrs Reed sees her as one of ‘social inferiority’ (Nunokawa cited in David 2001 p.145) who is of no use to her. Jane does not like Mrs Reed and she explains ‘well might I dislike Mrs Reed for it was her nature to wound...
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...A Comparison of Jane Eyre and Lin Daiyu in the View of Philosophy and Feminism I. Introduction 1.1 A Brief Introduction of Jane Eyre and Lin Daiyu “A Dream of Red Mansions” is one of the most outstanding works of China’s classic novels of realism. It bases on the background of Jia, Shi, Wang, Xue four families’ rising and falling, with the clue of the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. It truly and artistically reflects the historically declining trend of China’s feudal society. “A Dream of Red Mansions” can also be described as “Girls’ Country”, which is the anthem of female, but also is the threnody of women. The heroine Lin Daiyu, Annatto Fairy, wants to repay the goodness of God Shen Yin, taking her lifetime of tears in exchange for his being saved. Her rebellious sprit and solitary character, makes her as a lotus opening at a secluded place, clinging to her own pureness—for pure you came and pure shall go. She is sentimental and unfortunate, and is doomed to being lonely and pathetical .She, Lin Daiyu, lives under another’s house—Rong mansion, Grand View Garden, and she has no one to complain her sadness to. She is “Yea to the very end of heaven, Where I could find a fragrant grave!” in frustration, “What time the third moon comes, the scented nests have been already built. And on the beams the swallows perch, excessive spiritless and staid” in sorrow, and finally ends up with the sadness of “Flowers fade and maidens die; and of either naught any more is known”...
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...criticisms of Victorian class structure, social hypocrisy, and marginalization of women. Throughout many novels, some particularly based on World War I, postcolonial times, the morality of the Victorians, etc., there is quite an elaborations for these allocations. During this time period, social class systems and the apportionments pre-defined a specific class “ladder” that many people had been either born into and stayed in that specific class or tried to work into a harder class. Some of the connotations of this era were seen to be “prudish”, “suppressed”, and “primitive”. First in the novel Regeneration, the author, Pat Barker, demonstrates the stubborn class divides of English society through the interactions of the officer ranks (typically upper class/ nobles) and private soldiers (almost entirely working class or poor) in its military during WWI. This is the best illustrated through the character of Billy Prior, a working class man who achieves the rank of captain and often reflects upon the tensions in the British army that result from class prejudice. For example, class distinctions were exhibited through English society, especially in the military. The military is "structured” around class and have many ways recreated the British class system in: aristocratic generals, middle-class officers, and a working class rank. This particular structure made the military more augmented on how men were almost appraised like children depending on their class distinctions. For...
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...Patriarchal Oppression and Cultural Discrimination in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea “In order to be irreplaceable one must always be different” (Coco Chanel) “We may have all come in different ships but we’re in the same boat now” (Martin Luther King, Jr.) “Share our similarities, celebrate our differences” (Morgan Scott Peck) These quotations, which were uttered in the 20th century, have in common that to be different is regarded not only as tolerable but also as something that should be pursued. Also, they reflect the process of increasing tolerance towards females and foreigners, which in many countries has taken place during the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, with the result that, today, these two groups are widely, although by far not entirely, regarded as equal. However, only two centuries ago, people who were different or ‘other’ were considered subordinate or even frightening, and in the 19th century, this was true for both females and people from the orient or colonized people (Barry 134, 193). In Jane Eyre (JE), published in 1847, and in Wide Sargasso Sea (WSS), the prequel or paraquel of JE that was written about one hundred years later and published in 1966, the two female protagonists, Jane, a female orphan, and Antoinette, a female Creole, struggle against displacement and patriarchal oppression and, in Antoinette’s case, also against imperialistic domination. In JE, the reader learns that Jane can handle this pressure whereas Antoinette/Bertha1...
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...Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë An Electronic Classics Series Publication Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2003 - 2012 The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë PREFA PREFACE A PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION of Jane Eyre being unnecessary, I gave none: this second edition demands a few words both of acknowledgment and miscellaneous remark. My thanks are due in three quarters. To the Public, for the indulgent ear it has inclined to a plain tale with few pretensions. To the Press, for the fair field its honest suffrage...
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...standing of that time period. Many issues represented in Elizabethan literature are also reflected within literature of the Jacobean era. The notion that all things are purchasable is a recurring theme of the Jacobean Era. All sexual and platonic interactions can be reduced to financial transactions. During the Jacobean and Elizabethan era, London was a booming city. The population grew exponentially transforming the city into a host of social, financial and economic issues. The rise of the merchant class, poverty and governmental wealth lead to societal evolution. This was portrayed in most of the literature of the time. Jacobean City comedy became a very popular genre. The satirical nature of the genre made fun of the condition of London, its government, and the inhabitants. Thomas Dekker’s “The Shoemaker’s Holiday,” performed in 1599, gives the reader insight on what London society was like during the time in which it was written. The play heavily focuses on the mobile middle class, financial opportunities, the state of the economy and moral values, as they relate to the overall structure of society. The theme I found most intriguing in this text is that a monetary value can be given to, or traded for anything of worth, whether it be a product of consumption, a person or social rank. In several of the plays, a quantitative value is placed on human interaction, or traded for something deemed as...
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...Upon being proposed to by an already engaged man, Edward Rochester, the speaker Jane retorts, “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!—I have as much soul as you,—and full as much heart!” (Brontë 509). Brontë conveys the same emotion that hooks does in her essay through her use of diction. She uses the words “soul” and “heart” in order to bring a more human view of Jane, similar to how hooks uses “dehumanized” to emphasize the human aspect of the poor. However, Brontë’s approach uses positive language when appealing to the emotional standpoint, whereas hooks uses negative language to criticize her...
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...INTRODUCTION The present course- paper is devoted to the comprehensive study of stylistic device – the epithet in the literary work “Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte. The topicality of chosen by us theme lies in the fact that a human being perceives the reality by means of various images. These images exist everywhere: in art, in nature, in thoughts, and in speech in particular. Each of us at least ones created an image. We use different means (stylistic expressive means and devices) to achieve the aim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on “epithet”, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulated as a research of linguistic nature of epithet, its types from the point of semantic, structural parameters and its informational significance in the text. The given aim predetermines the concrete tasks of the research. The course- paper pursues the following objectives: 1) to read the novel “Jane Eyre” and to find epithets; 2) to reveal the theoretical notion of the epithets and its categories; 3) to observe emotional, evaluative, expressive components of the lexical...
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... and pre-calculus with Mr. Harriger. They all taught me amazing philosophies, how to analyze many subjects, and how to act as a student. I can’t express my gratitude for what they have taught me. Also Mr. Brown, Mrs. Roche, Ms. Edsberg, and Mrs. Hankins have given me so much support in all my activities along with helping me let the world know of my trials for my own growth. I am grateful that I could be brought up to a higher level than I was at when I started at HMA, it has been and will be the most wonderful experience I would face. Tell me about a project you completed at HMA. I have completed a project in which I made a “How-To Video” for my previous English 3P class. I made a video and an information paper about playing the violin properly. It took analyzing my previous experiences playing the violin and how I learned music. I developed a method to teach basics of music theory and violin for certain learning types and described the fundamentals of music. I also researched violin teaching and a few terms for proper presentation. Also, for another final project in English, I made a powerpoint about my life’s journey. I read what was required in the class, analyzed my trials and interviewed my uncle and grandfather to learn wisdom to handle other trials that may come. I also got to look back in my life to fully comprehend myself and how I react and act to certain things. I could relieve the mysteries of myself that I was very confused about. I got to think about my own philosophies...
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...at New Lanark Maria Edgeworth publishes Castle Rackrent, one of the earliest historical novels 1801 Steam carriae of Richard Trevithick carries road passengers at Camborne, Cornwall 1802 June 22 Health and Morals of Apprentices Act, first protective factory legislation, no children under 9 in mills,maximum 12-hour day for children Madame Tussaud mounts the first waxwork exhibition in Lyceum Hall, London Chalotte Dundas, a wooden ship with a single paddle-wheel, covers 20 miles of the Forth and clyde Canal, the world's first steam vessel. 1805 October 21 Battle of Trafalgar, Nelso defeats Franco-Spanish fleet, but is mortally wounded. 1807 Mar 25 Slave Trade abolished in all British possessions June 4 Federick Winsor illuminates part of pall Mall with gas lighting. 1811 Regency Act in favour of Prince of Wales because of George III's insanity. Mar organised machine-breaking (Luddism) in Nottingham Jane Austen publishes Sense and Sensibility Fashionable women reject tight corsets and petticoats 1812 Mar Publication of first 2 cantos of Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage causes sensation: "I woke one morning and found myself famous" autumn Countess Lieven, wife of russian ambasador, introduces waltz to London 1813 Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice Smooth-wheeled steam locomotive Puffing Billy, ivented by William Hedley 1814 Dulwich Picture Galler open to publi 1 day a week, England's first public art gallery Sir Walter Scott publishes Waverley...
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