...Wawasan 2020 or Vision 2020 is a malaysian ideal introduced by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir bin Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 1991. The vision calls for the nation to achieve a self-sufficient industrialized nation by the year 2020, encompasses all aspects of life, from economic prosperity, social well-being, educational worldclass, political stability, as well as psychological balance. In order to achieve Vision 2020, Mahathir lamented that the nation required an annual growth of 7% (in real terms) over the thirty-year periods (1990–2020), so that the economy would be eightfold stronger than its 1990 GDP of RM115 billion. This would translate to a GDP of RM920 billion (in 1990 Ringgit terms) in 2020.Wawasan 2020 is also the title of an article by William Greider about globalization in Malaysia.Mahathir had outlined nine strategic challenges that Malaysia must overcome to achieve Vision 2020. The first challenge is establishing a united Malaysian nation made up of one Bangsa Malaysia (Malaysian Race). The second challenge is creating a psychologically liberated, secure and developed Malaysian society. The third challenge is fostering and developing a mature democratic society. The fourth challenge is establishing a fully moral and ethical society. The fifth challenge is establishing a matured liberal and tolerant society. The sixth challenge is establishing a scientific and progressive society. The seventh challenge is establishing...
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...More Globalization To Solve Japan's Prolonged Economic Stagnation: 2020 Tokyo Olympic, Establishment of Foreign Companies and Cultural Reform/Cultural Ramification Before Japan was globalized it was secluded from the rest of the world for nearly two centuries from1603 to 1868. This time period was called the Tokugawa Period. Even though Japan closed its ports to foreign trade, it was self sustainable and independent. This self sustainable society was maintained through its unique producer-consumer relationship and the "reuse recycle" practice in commerce due to the island's limited resources. Repair merchants such as tinker, ceramics repairers and truss hoop repairers supported a society where nothing was thrown away but instead carefully repaired and reused until the products were truly un-amendable. For example, tinkers used special techniques and charcoal heat to weld holes in pots and kettles with other metals; ceramic repairers glue broken ceramic pieces together with sticky rice and applied heat; paper makers buy used papers and blend them to make a variety of paper from writing paper to toilet paper (Staff). The Tokugawa Period served as a model of a flourishing sustainable society to the Japanese. After Japan was introduced to globalization during the Second World War, the nation benefited from becoming a export driven economy, business policies such as the lifetime employment policy promoted the efficiency of the company, and the cultural influences on business management...
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...So, what is Vision 2020? The Vision 2020 was developed to be a long-term goal for the nation, the goal of Malaysia becoming a “fully developed country” by year 2020 (The Mahathir Years, 2009). In other words, by the year 2020, Malaysia can be a united nation, with a confident Malaysian society, infused by strong moral and ethical values, living in a society that is democratic, liberal and tolerant, caring, economically just and equitable, progressive and prosperous, and in full possession of an economy that is competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient (Wawasan 2020, nd). However, the Vision 2020 equires the Malaysian economy to grow at 7.0% per annum. The 9th Malaysia Plan envisages an annual growth of 6.5%, while the Third Industrial Master Plan targets 6.3% growth for the plan period (Gregore Pio Lopez, nd). Also, Malaysia could not be fully developed until Malaysia has finally overcome the nine central strategic challenges that have confronted us from the moment of our birth as an independent nation. According to Wawasan 2020, it is to be said that one of the challenges of achieving Vision 2020 will be establishing establishing a united Malaysian nation with a sense of common and shared destiny. This must be a nation at peace with itself, territorially and ethnically integrated, living in harmony and full and fair partnership, made up of one 'Bangsa Malaysia' with political loyalty and dedication to the nation. For instance, this can be seen in the big gap between Malay...
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...Invest in Japan ___________________________________________________________ Hong Kong's close economic ties with the Mainland are well known. However, our economic links with Japan are less well publicised. This is all the more surprising when you consider the importance of trade and cultural exchanges. Japan is Hong Kong's 3rd largest trading partner and our 2nd largest source of imports. In fact, Hong Kong has been Japan's largest overseas market for food and agricultural products since 2007. Investment ties between the two partners have never been stronger. Among the 7,000 overseas companies which have a base in our city, more than 220 regional headquarters were set up by Japanese companies. An additional 900 Japanese companies have also set up regional and local offices here. This makes Japan the 2nd largest group of overseas companies next to the United States. As more Japanese companies set up regional headquarters in Hong Kong, the relationship is set to grow even closer. Japanese firms have also been expanding globally, driven by mergers and acquisitions. Total outbound direct investments by Japanese firms reached US$119 billion in 2014. The level of FDI into Japan, on the other hand, has historically been low for an advanced economy. But that is starting to change. FDI in Japan reached US$2.3 billion in 2013, an increase of 33% from the previous year. In 2014, FDI in Japan surged 285% to reach US$9 billion. The amount is still some way from Prime Minister Abe’s...
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...Introduction and Motivation Japan is a country that has always fascinated me. I love to travel. I have been to Europe, South America, Canada, and most states in the U.S. However, what draws me to Japan is the distinct difference in culture from anything I have seen before. Japan is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. There is an era of mystique behind the culture. One of the main reasons why I would like to see Japan is because I am curious about what the culture is like. My grandparents are very well-traveled. It is easier to ask them where they have not been compared to where they have been. I remember them telling me about how much they loved Japan, and out of all the countries they have seen, Japan was one of their favorites. They put their trip to Japan up there along with going on an African safari, seeing the Pyramids of Egypt, and bashing around the streets of London. My grandmother has brought back souvenirs and beautiful artwork from the places she has visited, and her most prized possessions are the paintings she has brought back from Japan. I would like to see the country for myself and get a glimpse of why my grandparents have put it so high on their list of favorite places visited. Area History and Customs The Japanese culture seen today dates back many centuries, starting from 710 and continuing to the year 1333. It is greatly influenced by the Nara, Hein, and Kamakura periods (Grayson, 2016). One of the main attractions to Japanese...
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...I’m studying Business Administration at the Athens University of Economics and Business. Tonight I will show you a presentation about Innovation in Japan after the earthquake and the tsunami of 2011. 1 More specifically the purpose of this presentation is to illustrate how some companies in Japan used innovation as both an effective marketing tool and a growth engine after the 11.03 disaster. 2 . Tonight we will first take a quick look at what happened in Japan that time, how this nation is looking to the future and then how 4 big Japanese companies responded innovatively as well as what this can mean for us as future business people. 3 Well, most of us were about to enter the university when we‘ve been looking at the images of the disaster coming from Japan. A nine magnitude earthquake followed by a devastating tsunami had as a result tons of debris, thousands of hectares of farmland devastated, a huge cost in direct material damage, a much more serious environmental disaster caused by the meltdown at Fukushima nuclear plant BUT the most shocking figures are the thousands of people that have been evacuated and most of all the nineteen thousands of people being killed by the tsunami. 4 Well, most of us were about to enter the university when we‘ve been looking at the images of the disaster coming from Japan. A nine magnitude earthquake followed by a devastating tsunami had as a result tons of debris, thousands of hectares of farmland devastated, a huge...
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...Mizrak HIST1050-07 Kyoto Protocol Research Kyoto Agreement Environmental Issues Burdens on the atmosphere and on Earth's natural environment in general have been increasing at a steady rate over the years. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, humans have been slowly but steadily polluting the environment through the means of emission of greenhouse gases. After realizing this issue at hand, the United Nations set out to find where the majority of these emissions came from and ways to limit the damage to the environment. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets international binding emission reduction targets. It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan (hence its name) on December 11, 1997 and began to be enforced on February 16, 2005. Some actions that are required by the binding of the Protocol are improving energy efficiency, reducing deforestation, and supporting renewable energy. It has been recognized that developed countries, such as the United States, and various European countries, are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in the atmosphere. The Protocol places a heavier burden on these developed nations under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". All of the United Nation members are parties to the Protocol except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States. The United States signed the Protocol but...
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...involved nonstop in the manufacturing process of these vehicles and their respective parts; 25% of these cars were built in China alone, in other words 1 in 4 vehicles are manufactured there. This is equivalent to 5% of the globe’s manufacturing sector. For every direct job in this industry at least 4 indirect jobs in the vicinity are created; this is equivalent to more than 40 million jobs worldwide. Jobs in industries such as steel, iron, aluminum, glass, plastics, glass, carpeting, textiles, computer chips, and rubber are some examples of jobs created indirectly by the Automobile Industry. Environmental Scanning of Current Conditions China assembled 25% of the world’s cars in 2012, keep in mind that this is 7 million more cars than Japan (second largest car manufacturer in the world). Its industry growth has been mainly motivated by business friendly policies created by the government, increase in domestic demand, and an emerging middle class. Although this industry has grown lately, it continues to remain dreadfully divided. Furthermore, government officials believe that surplus volume must come to a halt and worry about local government departments impairing the economy due to unrestrained expansions. Therefore, they are aiming for more M&A (mergers and acquisitions) in this industry, which inadvertently will create prominent domestic enterprises. China’s crucial challenges to compete internationally are poor innovation, a feeble R&D, and dire design competences...
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...explanation of Indian culture, politics and society. Thus, even though two countries are far from each other but there are various connections between the two. The ambassador explained about characteristics of India. First of all, India has many races among its population like the picture of people he showed us. India also is rounded by many countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan and Nepal etc., These facts have affected to India’s cultures and policies. In the last two decades, Asia has been under huge transition in politic, economic as well as social ways. Now, people are predicting that in next 20 years the global centre of economic gravity might shift to Asia, especially East Asia. In this context, combined national wealth of China, Japan, Korea and India as well as ASEAN countries would exceed that of the US and EU. It means that Indian’s destiny in the future is related to East Asia. India has a potential as it described as emerging market nation, middle power, regional power as well as emerging power. India has a high potential of economic growth and actually has grown so far. When we look through detail of India, we see that why India will...
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...key point about the UK automobile industry is that it exports around 75 % of its production which makes UK the largest exporter of cars in the world. Apart from automobile manufacturing, UK also has notable presence in motorsport industry and auto racing industry. UK motorsport industry contributes with an annual turnover of £6 billion out of which more than 50% is exported with about 4500 companies involved in this industry. UK automobile sector has undergone tremendous change since its inception in the 19th century. From being the second largest manufacturer of cars in the world (next to United States), it went down to be the 14th largest producer of cars by 2012 because of the rising competition from countries like France, Germany and Japan. Foreign companies have also acquired many UK car brands which include BMW (Mini and Rolls-Royce), SAIC (MG), TATA (Jaguar and Land Rover) and Volkswagen Group (Bentley). Major Players in each segment are: Commercial vehicles - Alexander Dennis, Ford, GMM Luton (owned byAdam Opel AG), Leyland Trucks (owned by Paccar) and London Taxis International (owned by Geely)...
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...3 DEMOGRAPHICS 5 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE 8 ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CURRENCY FACTORS 13 LABOR RELATIONS 15 HRM POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND TRENDS 17 CONCLUSION 24 REFERENCES 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Walt Disney Company has had a strong presence in the Far East since the 1930’s when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was shown in Shanghai theaters and with the founding of a local subsidiary in Tokyo in 1959. Today, Disney is a market leader in home based and theme park entertainment in the Asian market. The firm is currently exploring a production facility in either two of the hub cities of Tokyo and Shanghai. In this paper will review the demographics, culture, political, economic, and applied HR practices in China and Japan. China and Japan are both economic powerhouses with homogenous cultures, with distinct political and economic structures. The Chinese culture has more Confucian ideals that are more collectivist in nature, while the Japanese culture emphasis harmony and saving face communication. The Chinese manipulation of its currency and increasing dissent among workers puts the nation in higher political risk; moreover the Chinese economy is inevitably going to slow down. The Japanese economy has undergone political reforms to upstart a sluggish economy recovering from a decade long recession in the 1990s. The HR practices in China rely on a strong leadership pipeline from its educational facilities and its union that is heavily influenced by the Communist...
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...their operation years. In particular, Air Asia Indonesia, Thailand, Expedia and Air Asia Japan are being chosen to probe into This research put priority on the factors that turn Air Asia Indonesia, Expedia and Air Asia Thailand into a success throughout their operational year. The Successful International Joint Ventures of Air Asia have gained themselves the benefits from acquainting the right market orientations, in which they have secured a great amount of customers respectively. This leads Air Asia Indonesia and Air Asia Expedia to gain a massive profit and become the dominant airline being in their respective nations. Besides, the commitment is also one of the main contributing factors to the success of Air Asia IJV as well as Economy conditions of host countries had been a major factor to success in IJV. In depth analysis of local GDP of Thailand had granted Thai Air Asia to achieve their business objectives. Throughout the research, it shows that Air Asia Expedia and Thai Air Asia and Indonesia Air Asia have spared no efforts in order to succeed in the aviation industry. Conversely, this research also identified a failed IJV in Air Asia operation with Japan. The main reason behind this failed IJV was usage difficulties found in online booking website of Air Asia. These factors have led to Air Asia Japan to suffer losses throughout their operation. Moreover, misunderstanding of Japan culture was one of the main factors that cause failure in IJV. Air Asia did not provide...
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...“Literature Review” IMPACT OF AUTOMOBILE ON THE ECONOMY: Mr. Zahoor Sheikh Sarwar (CASE), Mr. Azam Ishaque, (CASE), Mr. Nadeem Ehsan, (Center For Advance Studies in Engineering), Mr. Danial Saeed Pirzada, (Center For Advanced Studies in Engineering), and Mr. Zafar Moeen Nasir, (CASE) in their report published in International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, has Identified that automobile sector has huge economic potential and the Study identified the prevalent condition of productivity in automotive Manufacturing industry of Pakistan and indicated the possible areas for Enhancing productivity. The findings of this research have revealed that Effective utilization of role of technology can enhance the productivity of Pakistani manufacturing firms drastically. Pakistan Auto Industry Development Program (AIDP-2006), an study conducted by Ministry of Industries and Production, Government of Pakistan states that the Pakistan Auto Industry has become a leading industrial sector to steer the growth in large scale manufacturing sector. The high economic and job multiplier effect of this industry and its deep forward and backward linkages in allied industries, make the auto industry a key player in the national economy. the world which manufacture all kinds of vehicles i.e. 2/3 wheelers, motorcars, LCVs, tractors, prime-movers & trucks and buses. The total country requirements are generally met from the local production except...
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...reminiscent off something one might experience from the futuristic cartoon, the Jetson's. Along with car's that communicate with each other, we are coming into a time where others drive themselves. Another new technology that power's automobile's is energy storing body panels. As far as advancement's in safety, many cars are now coming equipped with augmented reality dashboards, and air bags that assist in bringing the vehicle to a stop. There is a new battery on the market from Power Japan Plus, and it certainly looks like a game-changer. According to Cunningham, “The Ryden battery offers the same energy density of current lithium-ion batteries, so would not allow extended vehicle range based on that factor. However, the ability to charge faster might lead to shorter stops at recharging stations. For example, the Nissan Leaf would cut that time down to 12 minutes.” Pisz, Toyota Corporate Manager offer's us a look into the future of automotive powered technology by teasing, ““By the end of 2020, hydrogen gas-powered fuel cells will challenge traditional battery electric technology.” Consumer Opinions Consumer's are looking for better quality vehicles with improved safety products that leave less a carbon foot print on the planet. There is a rising call for vehicles that produce fewer emissions. People are finally taking notice that we have only one Earth, and it is time we took care of it. The increase in public interest in planetary wellness has increased to a more...
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...Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. APEC currently has 21 members, including most countries with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean. However, the criterion for membership is that the member is a separate economy, rather than a state. Mission(aim)： APEC is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum. Their primary goal is to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. The aim to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; to fears that highly industrialized Japan (a member of G8) would come to dominate economic activity in the Asia-Pacific region; and to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe (where demand had been declining). Structure: * Agency Meeting APEC There are five levels of functioning institutions, including: 1. Leaders' Informal Meeting Since 1993, were held for nearly twenty times, 2. Ministerial meeting APEC Ministerial Meeting of APEC Ministerial Meeting and APEC is divided into specialized ministerial meeting. Ministerial actually a "double-minister" would, that the Foreign Minister of the members .Economic Ministers (or Minister of Foreign Trade, Minister of Commerce, etc.) and meetings, the former leader of the annual informal meeting was held. Began...
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