...Japanese Political and Economic Systems Jorden Beale Thomas Edison State College July 1, 2016 With a population of 127.1 million people, Japan is ranked third in terms of nominal GDP as of 2015. It is a country of ever evolving political and economical systems. Globalization has played a large part in the development in Japan's economy and stability. This island located in the Pacific ocean to the West of the United States, Japan has been heavily impacted by both American culture and politics. The geography of Japan makes it easily accessible to other Asian and Mediterranean countries as well, helping Japan grow in trade even further. Compared to the U.S., Japan has had a very different political systems, legal systems, economic developments, global economic changes, and economic transitional methods. Japan has been a democracy since 1947. Democracy was one of the terms of surrender after WWII, and the United States helped Japan rebuild after the war. Currently, Japan has two houses of parliament that is responsible for governance. From the majority party, a prime minister is elected via vote within the parties. This is different from the U.S., where popular vote tends to have a direct sway in who is elected as leader. The current prime minister is Shinzo Abe of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). The Liberal Democratic Party is known to be the more conservative party and they also held power in Japan from 1955 all the way to 1993 (PBS,...
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...In the following paper I will be examining the process of economic development in Japan. I begin with their history in the Meiji period and how that effected their great success in the postwar development. Then I will go through the different economic stages of economic development in postwar Japan. I will examine the high periods and low period in Japan economics, and the factors behind these shifts in development. Last I will give a conclusion and where I believe Japan economy will be in the future. To understand Japan economic boom after the war you must also look at there history. Without the creation of the industrial economy during the Meiji Japan this economic growth after postwar could have not happened. To look even closer lets examine the period before called the Tokugawa period, from 1630's until the 1860's. Smith explains that "during this period Japanese economy experienced unparalleled growth and structural change" (Smith, Page 4). The system was set up on rules and obligations on all sections of society. These systems of control helped rapid urbanization. Education is also a factor in the economic development in Tokugawa period. Tokugawa Japan abapted Confucianism belief system from there neighbors China. This became important because "one of the distinctive traits of Confucianism was reverence for education and learning" (Smith, Page 5). This spread of education was dramatic. Not Macdonnell, 2 Only did the knowledge seep...
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...Brittany Lade Eastern Asian Politics Dr. Tan 30 April 2015 Economic Aftermath of World War II: China and Japan When it comes to the economic welfare of different countries around the world, it is dependent on events within the country or events that the country partake in. Such an example that led to changes within many countries who were part of the destructive events within it would be World War II. The end of World War II had left a trail of devastation in its path. There were many countries in turmoil and there were many countries that needed to recover and rebuild. Two countries that were influenced by the aftermath of the war greatly were China and Japan. Following the war each country had to rebuild and/or change their economic and...
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...case : is Sony turning around? The company founded in 1955 by Masaru ibuka and Akio morito in the name of Tokyo telecommunication Engineering. Later in 1990’s the company was in losses this lead to restructuring to slash the cost and reorganize the structure and diversify the various electronics business profiles. In Sony they introduced a “company within a company” system. Thus Sony’s operations were divided into a number of mini companies like playstation, walkman, Sony mobiles, Bravia tv etc…… They have appointed Nobuyuki Idei as the COO and group president of the company in 1995 Record sale of US $45 billion Majority of money coming from play station He restructured 3 networks and 2 business units. The Sony company decentralized and each of the companies has its own Research and development. Ide started value creation management has a way to manage sony’s operation and maximize share holder value. Profit margins of Sony declined. Sony walkman and Trinitron CRT Television lagged behind its competitors. Sony saw a decline in music business It also saw a decline of revenue in hardware sales and saw increase in sales of game software sales. Convergent process within the electronic and entertainment and financial divisions. Internal rivals and Sony’s policy: Conflict between Japanese and US divisions. Lack of clear vision. Pride and silo mentality. Lack of Coordination. Insider system and hierarchical cu Stringer was appointed as the new CEO STRINGER: ...
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...Circuit City was established by Samuel S. Wurtzel in 1949 as the Wards Co. that sold Televisions and home appliances. Over the course of time, it expanded into a national retail powerhouse that rebranded itself Circuit City in 1984. When the store was still operating, it was the “nation’s second-largest consumer electronic retailer” (Mui, 2008, p.D1). When it closed in January 16, 2009, it had 567 stores to close and 34,000 employees out of work. (Haynes, 2009, p.D1). In 2007, the company “posted nearly $320 million in losses, its second consecutive annual shortfall. (Mui, 2008, p.D.1) In 2008, the companies “most recent quarterly showed that it had assets of $3.4 billion with $2.3 billion in liabilities.” (Mui, 2008, p.D1). Circuit City did not have much of an international presence, but it did have stores in Canada which did not account for much of its business. In the economic downturn, “Circuit City neglected to improve its web presence, just as other on-line retailers like Amazon.com were hitting their stride” (Hamilton, 2008). The Circuit City brand was purchased by Systemax, which uses the brand to sell electronics as an online retailer under CircuitCity.com. However, Circuit City did not use the web to market itself, and as a result of its lack of foresight, the company closed for business as an on-site store. In comparison, Canon was developed in Tokyo, Japan in 1935 with the main product being high-quality cameras. In 1955,...
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...beyond the geographic and economic boundaries, so that they exist (Waters, 2001 Brinkman, Brinkman, 2002). Globalization is used to describe the nature of the dominant international trade and business, as they are no longer limited to serving specific groups of consumers in the country (Levy, Hammond and Gross, 2003), the globalization of the increase is due to the expansion of economic and capitalist drive to achieve growth, and taking existing resources , improve the degree of efficiency of the operation. Thus, globalization is also very closely related to the outsourcing companies seeking to existing units, the production moved to another country, economically sensitive wage labour. A typical example of this is the first McDonald's in 1955 as a company in California, opened in 2013, is now in 195 countries and has more than 30,000 restaurants. This process, because it is difficult to control, some multinational companies responsible for the operation of globalization, it is obvious that there are a variety tasking do it. On the other hand, there are also negative effects of globalization has overshadowed a number of advantages. An example of this is the positive impact on economic development and the more general ideas and experiences that can give any country , regardless of their economic power , in order to...
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...Ibuka was a realistic creator who could predict what products and technologies could be applied to everyday life. He motivated in his engineers he had a spirit of innovation and pushed that helped them to reach beyond their own expectations. Ibuka also encourage a thrilling working environment and an open mind company culture. In the founding booklet, he stated one of his wish was to build a company whose employees are satisfied and pleased by their work and his aspiration to create a fun, energetic workplace.( news.sel.sony.com) Akio Morita was a marketing pioneer who influential in making Sony a household name all over the world, He was determined to launch the Sony brand. (news.sel.sony.com) Their headquarters are located in Tokyo Japan Sony is a global company of audio, video, communications and information technology products for the professional market and consumers. Their mission is; “Sony is committed to developing a wide range of innovative products and multimedia services that challenge the way consumer’s access and enjoy digital entertainment. By ensuring synergy between businesses within the organization, Sony is constantly striving to create exciting new worlds of entertainment that can be experienced on a...
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...that managed the impact and guided the United States through the Great Depression and World War II. After the Pearl Harbor incident, War Island broke, and disasters occurred which made President Roosevelt fight through all this and restore the United States to a better world. While the United States and Japan were dealing with a peace negotiation, the United States never thought Japan would surprise them with an attack. Late in the 1940’s Japan was using several secret diplomatic codes, due to the outbreak of war with the United States, but late in the 1940s the signal Corps had cracked, “Purple,” after January 23, 1941. While issues arose nine of the high U.S. government officials called, “Ultras,” among the President. The United States were able every day to read secret communications between Tokyo and its diplomats, but in Washington, the fascinated, “Ultras,”---via, “Magic,” watched the danger draw more closely. There was a point that peace between Japan and the United States lost the race, and something was going to happen. As the United States drew closer to the situation, on November 26, six radio-silenced Japanese carriers stole out of the remote Kuriles north of Japan, which they were heading toward Pearl along the untraveled northern route. At 7:02, two soldiers voluntarily stayed overnight saw five radar screens reporting blips. As one of the officers there said, “Hell, it’s probably just a pigeon with a metal band around its leg,” (pg. 23) not know that the attackers...
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...to the customers and the photography community. Photography is an amazing art form which all people deserve to have access to. It all started in 1934. The leading camera company was a german company called Leica, with prices ranging up to $700. Yoshida’s career involved repairing film cameras and projectors, and he decided to take apart a Leica camera and observe what the item is made of. He found that, Leica was using extremely cheap materials to manufacture their cameras; brass, aluminum, copper and rubber. And they were selling them for high-end prices, although they were no better than a cheap film camera the average person might own. This discovery both angered him and inspired him. There were no 35mm film cameras that were made in Japan, and he, along with about four of his friends became determined to make that happen....
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...Suburban, Urban, and Rural life in America in the 1950s History 102: American History since 1877 Professor Brian Webber 10 July 2015 American Military University Suburban, Urban, and Rural life in America in the 1950s America has seen its fare shares of ups and downs throughout history. In the 1950's America was just getting back on its feet from the effect of World War II. The American economy benefited greatly by the ending of the war unlike Japan and the Europeans who were still picking up the pieces. The American economy began to sore in the 1950's from suburban build up, to the job market and financial stability. Some of the most life changing things that happened in American were the suburban, urban and rural living of Americans all across the United States. Suburban development happened to be one of the biggest economic changes America has every seen. It paved the way to many things such as the extensive roadways that were built throughout the nation and families branching out to a different type of living. Suburban living in the 1950's was defined as a “ good life emerged with exceptional distinctness a high value on consumption, a preference for suburban living, and a devotion to family and domesticity.”(Henretta, 798). Much of the suburban lifestyle was something that the working poor, elderly, and immigrants could not afford at that point in time and soon would suffer from. One of the first innovative moves that pushed American along into more of a suburban...
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...Inc., a global company that is a based manufacturing company located in Japan. This company has an extensive history, in which it has gone through many ups and downs. Founded in 1933 and incorporated in the year of 1937, predating World War II. Canon has become one of the most recognizable brands in the world because of its leadership in manufacturing electronics, mainly optical. Throughout the years, Canon has been one of the top ten companies receiving multiple US patents, and collecting a wealth of history and innovation that has led the company to a competitive leading position in copiers, laser and bubble jet printers, facsimile machines, cameras and camcorders. Also, later on, adding on more diversification in the production of personal computers, binoculars, calculators, electronic typewriters, word processors, medical broadcasting, and semi conductor equipment. Canon Inc. is a company that conducts business worldwide. After the fledging company navigated through the turmoil of World War II, postwar while Japan was occupied, Takeshi Mitarai the main founder of the company persuaded the allied occupation to stock precision optical cameras in their post’s and ship’s stores. This agreement would lay the groundwork for Canon’s later success as an exporter; as US service men would bring their cameras home to the US. It gave the company its first foot holds in the US market. In the early 1950’s, another breakthrough came about for Canon as news photographers covering...
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... The following discussion will focus on the development experiences of Southeast Asia that have been considered high-growth economies, as well as East Asia countries. The Southeast Asia economies have been rather successful in applying public policies to realize their chosen developmental objectives, from the viewpoint of better advancing the course of human development, will be identified. II. East and Southeast Asia (ESA) economies • Human Development (HD): As well as being substantially different in the starting level of human development achieved, and although all have made substantial progress over the two decades, these economies show marked differences in the pace of this progress. Being already high-achieving, Japan recorded a modest rate growth of 0.26%, Singapore 0.61% and South Korea 0.92%. This pattern appears to exactly mirror the pattern of difference in their initial. Improvements in other less developed ESA economies are mixed. While China was behind Indonesia and the Philippines in 1990, it overtook them in 2007. Vietnam was behind China at the starting year, while its rate of growth is actually below that of China over the period. Malaysia was ahead of...
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...Nuclear technology started being researched in the late 1800’s. The research really didn’t kick off until the late 1940’s during World War II for the use of nuclear power on naval ships making propulsion and electricity, as well as nuclear bombs for use in warfare. There are also other major nuclear evens that also paved the road for nuclear technology. Some of these events include the Cherynoble meltdown, the Three Mile Island meltdown, and most recently the Fukushima Japan flooding of a nuclear power plant. Nuclear power plant accidents and incidents with multiple fatalities and/or more than US$100 million in property damage, 1952-2011[5][16][17] | Date | Location | Description | Deaths | Cost (in millions 2006 $US) | INES level[18] | 01957-10-10October 10, 1957 | Sellafield, Cumberland, United Kingdom | A fire at the British atomic bomb project destroyed the core and released an estimated 750 terabecquerels (20,000 curies) of radioactive material into the environment. | 0 | | 5 | 01961-01-03January 3, 1961 | Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States | Explosion at SL-1 prototype at the National Reactor Testing Station. All 3 operators were killed when a control rod was removed too far. | 3 | 22 | 4 | 01966-10-05October 5, 1966 | Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan, United States | Partial core meltdown of the Fermi 1 Reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station. No radiation leakage into the environment. | 0 | | | 01969-01-21January 21, 1969 | Lucens...
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...STRICTER GUN LAWS IN AMERICA America needs stricter measures on gun usage because other countries have clearly shown that it is possible to have a much lower percentage of gun-related violence. The obvious changes that America needs to improve on are stricter gun-control laws, and a system of education before people are allowed to own guns. Guns were used in 11,078 homicides in the U.S. in 2010, comprising almost 35% of all gun deaths, and over 68% of all homicides (Statistics on, 2012). Between 1955 and 1975, the Vietnam War killed over 58,000 American soldiers less than the number of civilians killed with guns in the U.S. in an average two-year period (Statistics on, 2012). They can cause harm, death and even destruction. These weapons are powerful both socially and physically and thus very important to pay close attention to where these laws over gun control are headed. The directions of gun control laws not only affect our society and nation but also our future. In America close to eleven thousand people die in relation to handgun incidences in a year. This is a big number compared to other nations like Japan, Sweden and Great Britain where their death number in gun related issues is below one hundred (Prentice et al , 2009).The reason behind this drastic differences is that the above mentioned nations require safety courses on gun usage and their gun control laws are more strict. There is a direct relationship between number of deaths as a result of guns...
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...1946 - With sales of $17.2 million and profit rising to more than $1 million, Avon became a publicly-traded company. 1959 - Avon launched operations in Western Europe, in the United Kingdom and Western Germany. 1969 - Avon entered Japan, expanding its operations to the Asia Pacific market. 2005 - Avon invested $100 million to build a new cutting-edge Global Research and Development Center in Suffern, NY, furthering the company’s commitment to stay at the forefront of the beauty marketplace, bringing leading-edge, technology-based products to women around the world. 2007 - Avon launched the Hello Tomorrow Campaign, a global marketing campaign that encompasses product and representative recruitment advertising; and the Hello Tomorrow Fund, which empowers women and improves society by providing individuals with cash awards that will allow them to pursue a project or initiative to better the lives of women of all ages. 2009 – Avon grew to 6.2 million Active Representative, as women worldwide recognized Avon could be the answer to a challenging global economic environment. BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY Avon Cosmetics is one of the largest and well known companies producing cosmetics in the world and operating in direct sales system. Besides the importance of the supply structure, logistics and organization of storage areas, the company must pay attention to sales, particularly to train the representatives. They are very important for Avon Cosmetics Company because...
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