...Title IX: Equity or Elimination? Issues of gender equity have confronted American society since its inception. The Declaration of Independence specifically states that all "men" are created equal, leaving out women, just as the Constitution originally denied women the right to vote. Over the past two and a half centuries, however, women have striven to obtain equal rights. In 1848, for instance, leaders of the women's suffrage movement, such as Susan B. Anthony, adopted a Declaration of Sentiments calling for an equal rights amendment including women ("Women's Rights" par. 1). In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution finally adhered to their wishes, giving women the right to vote. Despite these important steps, women in the United States, a nation founded on the ideals of freedom and equality, continue to battle for equal rights. A key moment in this fight for equality occurred in 1972 with the passage of the Title IX Amendment to the Equal Opportunity in the Education Act. Title IX states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance" (Sadker par. 2). This piece of legislation has had a profound impact upon college athletics. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has interpreted Title IX as requiring an equal opportunity for male and female athletes at our...
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...THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LVI, NO. 6 • DEC. 2001 The Stock Market Valuation of Research and Development Expenditures LOUIS K. C. CHAN, JOSEF LAKONISHOK, and THEODORE SOUGIANNIS* ABSTRACT We examine whether stock prices fully value firms’ intangible assets, specifically research and development ~R&D!. Under current U.S. accounting standards, financial statements do not report intangible assets and R&D spending is expensed. Nonetheless, the average historical stock returns of firms doing R&D matches the returns of firms without R&D. However, the market is apparently too pessimistic about beaten-down R&D-intensive technology stocks’ prospects. Companies with high R&D to equity market value ~which tend to have poor past returns! earn large excess returns. A similar relation exists between advertising and stock returns. R&D intensity is positively associated with return volatility. THE MARKET VALUE OF A F IRM’S SHARES ultimately ref lects the value of all its net assets. When most of the assets are physical, such as plant and equipment, the link between asset values and stock prices is relatively apparent. In modern economies, however, a large part of a firm’s value may ref lect its intangible assets, such as brand names. Under generally accepted U.S. accounting principles, many types of intangible assets are not reported in firms’ financial statements. When a firm has large amounts of such intangibles, the lack of accounting information generally complicates the task of...
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...Berkshire Hathaway AFIN250 Monday 5pm Christopher Lam 43820832 Savneet Kambo 44677987 Jason Weng 43885772 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................2 Culture, a catalyst for Berkshire’s success ...........................................................................................2 Heir to Berkshire Hathaway ...............................................................................................................3 Graham & Dodd valuation model .......................................................................................................3 Bruner’s Disaster Framework, a risk assessment tool ..........................................................................4 Diversification of Berkshire Hathaway ................................................................................................5 Volatility timing .................................................................................................................................6 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................................7 Appendix ...........................................................................................................................................8 Reference ..........................................................................
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...Made By Jason & Franklin. This Document Is Strictly Prohibited For Commercial Purposes Without Authorization. List 1 GRE Verbal 750 Quantitative 800, AW 5.5 2008 10 Princeton, MIT, M. Fin Unit 1 ABANDON A B D I C AT E ABASE ABERRANT ABASH ABET A B AT E A B E YA N C E A B B R E V I AT E ABHOR abandon [ 1 n. ] carefree, freedom from constraint added spices to the stew with complete abandon unconstraint, uninhibitedness, unrestraint 2 v. to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly abandon herself to a life of complete idleness abandon oneself to emotion indulge, surrender, give up 3 v. to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment abandon the ship/homes salvage 4 v. to put an end to (something planned or previously agreed to) NASA the bad weather forced NASA to abandon the launch abort, drop, repeal, rescind, revoke, call off keep, continue, maintain, carry on abase [ 1 v. ] to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem was unwilling to abase himself by pleading guilty to a crime that he did not commit debauch, degrade, profane, vitiate, discredit, foul, smirch, take down elevate, ennoble, uplift, aggrandize, canonize, deify, exalt abash [ 1 vt. ] to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of ,disconcert, embarrass Nothing could abash him. discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, fluster, nonplus, mortify embolden abate [ 1 v. ] to reduce in degree or intensity / abate his rage/pain taper off intensify 2 v. ...
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...Introduction Business ethics are not as complicated or abstract as one might think. A simple way to evaluate whether or not a practice is ethical is to determine the ultimate effect of that practice. For example, if the manager of a store paid his cleaning employee less than the going rate to clean his store, knowing exactly what the going rate is, several things could happen to damage the business. The employee could suffer serious financial implications or the employee could leave and find another position where she does not feel exploited. The subject of ethics is often considered abstract or relative by those who believe that rules do not always apply to them. Rules and laws apply to everyone. It is unfortunate that some employees in the upper echelons of the corporate ladder decide to act unethically, but it is a fact of business and of life. For this reason, it is best for a business to be careful of who they promote within their company. Corporate responsibility is a phrase heavily used in the business world. Often mentioned to enhance the image of an organization, corporate responsibility does have a true meaning. Businesses that use energy efficient lighting and offer their employees a fair pay rate are practicing corporate responsibility. Corporate responsibility is an integral part of business ethics and should be practiced by all entities, whether large or small. Corporate responsibility simply means that each individual within a company is practicing personal...
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...YingJieSheng.COM ............................................................................................................................................5 1.1 .......................................................................................................................................................5 1.2 .......................................................................................................................................................5 1.3 ...........................................................................................................................................................6 1.4 ...............................................................................................................................................6 kpmg ....................................................................................................................................7 2.1 2013kpmg ..................................................................................................................7 2.2 verbal ...............................................................................................8 2.3 Oct.13.2013. KPMG .............................................................................................................................8 2.4 ........................................................................................................................................9 2.5 10.12KPMG ....................................
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...▼How to Get Rich ◄ 2 ► ▼How to Get Rich Contents Title Page Dedication Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book PART I The Donald J. Trump School of Business and Management PART II Your Personal Apprenticeship (Career Advice from The Donald) PART III Money, Money, Money, Money PART IV The Secrets of Negotiation PART V The Trump Lifestyle ◄ 3 ► ▼How to Get Rich PART VI Inside The Apprentice Acknowledgments Appendix Behind the Scenes at the Trump Organization About the Author Also by Donald J. Trump Copyright ◄ 4 ► ▼How to Get Rich To my parents, Mary and Fred Trump ◄ 5 ► ▼How to Get Rich The Mother of All Advice Trust in God and be true to yourself. —Mary Trump, my mother When I look back, that was great advice, concise and wise at once. I didn’t really get it at first, but because it sounded good, I stuck to it. Later I realized how comprehensive this is—how to keep your bases covered while thinking about the big picture. It’s good advice no matter what your business or lifestyle. —DJT ◄ 6 ► ▼How to Get Rich TRUMP How to Get Rich ◄ 7 ► ▼How to Get Rich Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book A lot has happened to us all since 1987. That’s the year The Art of the Deal was published and became the bestselling business book of the decade, with over three million copies in print. (Business Rule #1: If you don’t tell people about your success, they probably won’t know...
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...▼How to Get Rich ◄ 2 ► ▼How to Get Rich Contents Title Page Dedication Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book PART I The Donald J. Trump School of Business and Management PART II Your Personal Apprenticeship (Career Advice from The Donald) PART III Money, Money, Money, Money PART IV The Secrets of Negotiation PART V The Trump Lifestyle ◄ 3 ► ▼How to Get Rich PART VI Inside The Apprentice Acknowledgments Appendix Behind the Scenes at the Trump Organization About the Author Also by Donald J. Trump Copyright ◄ 4 ► ▼How to Get Rich To my parents, Mary and Fred Trump ◄ 5 ► ▼How to Get Rich The Mother of All Advice Trust in God and be true to yourself. —Mary Trump, my mother When I look back, that was great advice, concise and wise at once. I didn’t really get it at first, but because it sounded good, I stuck to it. Later I realized how comprehensive this is—how to keep your bases covered while thinking about the big picture. It’s good advice no matter what your business or lifestyle. —DJT ◄ 6 ► ▼How to Get Rich TRUMP How to Get Rich ◄ 7 ► ▼How to Get Rich Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book A lot has happened to us all since 1987. That’s the year The Art of the Deal was published and became the bestselling business book of the decade, with over three million copies in print. (Business Rule #1: If you don’t tell people about your success...
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...NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT On Apple’s New Product Development Strategy Posted on January 1st, 2010 by daniel Michael Malone from ABC News wrote an interesting article on Apple’s iPhone and its overall new product development strategy, with interesting strategic lessons for new product development and business in general. Google Nexus Offers Little Competition to Apple iPhone Why Google’s New Smartphone Won’t Knock Apple Off Its iPhone Throne COLUMN By MICHAEL S. MALONE, ABC News Jan. 1, 2010 Whether the marketplace is ready or not, the Big Guns in consumer electronics are about to make their move at the dawn of the New Year. Next Tuesday, Google is expected to announce its long-rumored Nexus One smartphone. It is undoubtedly designed to run the Google Android operating system for cellphones, which the search giant introduced more than a year ago. Android was envisioned as a major breakthrough in cellphones because it offered an "open" operating system i.e., one that other companies could use and design applications for. At the time, this strategy was compared to that of Microsoft Windows, which broke the market hegemony of Apple’s decidedly non-open OS in the mid-1980s and within a decade, turned Apple into a niche company. This time around, the new Android phones were supposed to break the hegemony of the Apple iPhone. So far, it hasn’t quite worked out that way with Android. A number of cell phone companies notably Motorola, HTC, and Samsung have adopted Android...
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...Headnote This two-part exploratory study utilized a social cognitive theory framework in documenting gender portrayals in teen movies and investigating the influence of exposure to these images on gender-based beliefs about friendships, social aggression, and roles of women in society. First, a content analysis of gender portrayals in teen movies was conducted, revealing that female characters are more likely to be portrayed as socially aggressive than male characters. Second, college students were surveyed about their teen movie-viewing habits, gender-related beliefs, and attitudes. Findings suggest that viewing teen movies is associated with negative stereotypes about female friendships and gender roles. Research examining the effects of media exposure demonstrates that media consumption has a measurable influence on people's perceptions of the real world, and, regardless of the accuracy of these perceptions, they are used to help guide subsequent attitudes, judgments, and actions. For example, these results have been yielded for viewing media representations of race,1 the mentally ill,2 and the elderly.3 Past research additionally indicates that watching televised gender portrayals has an effect on individuals' real-world gender-based attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.4 Based on this research, and the tenets of social cognitive theory, it would be expected that consumption of teen movies would have an analogous influence on audience members' gender-based attitudes and beliefs...
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...Competitive Strategy and the Wal-Mart Threat: Positioning for Survival and Success John A. Parnell, University of North Carolina-Pembroke Donald L. Lester, Middle Tennessee State University No class of retailer has influenced the business landscape in recent years more than the big box, and no big boxer is more prominent than WalMart. Big boxers like Wal-Mart not only apply pressure to suppliers and alter the mix of shopping alternatives for consumers, but they also greatly influence the competitive behavior of traditional retailers. The academic and business press has chronicled the wide-ranging effects of the mega-retailer over the past two decades (McCune, 1994; McGee and Peterson, 2000; Stone, 1993). Although there is growing evidence that Wal-Mart's hold on retail may be slipping, it remains a competitive nightmare for many of its competitors, particularly small rivals in local markets (McWiltiams, 2()07a. 2007b). A number of authors (e.g.. McGee and Peterson, 2000; Edid, 2005; Spector, 2005) have suggested or inferred competitive responses for smaller retailers when a big box like Wal-Mart comes to town. This paper builds on such work by providing a more comprehensive and theorybased analysis of strategic alternatives available to retailers specifically facing a threat from WalMart. Toward that end, the remainder of the paper begins with an overview of the big box phenomenon and a framework for understanding how the big box influences the strategic landscape. Three theory-based...
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...Strategy & Technology a gallaugher.com chapter provided free to faculty & students for non-commercial use © Copyright 1997-2008, John M. Gallaugher, Ph.D. – for more info see: http://www.gallaugher.com/chapters.html Last modified: Sept. 13, 2008 Note: this is an earlier version of the chapter. All chapters updated after July 2009 are now hosted (and still free) at http://www.flatworldknowledge.com. For details see the ‘Courseware’ section of http://gallaugher.com INTRODUCTION Managers are confused, and for good reason. Management theorists, consultants, and practitioners often vehemently disagree on how firms should craft tech-enabled strategy, and many widely read articles contradict one another. Headlines such as "Move First or Die" compete with "The First Mover Disadvantage." A leading former CEO advises "destroy your business,” while others suggest firms focus on their "core competency" and "return to basics." The pages of the Harvard Business Review declared “IT Doesn’t Matter”, while a New York Times’ bestseller hails technology as the "steroids" of modern business. Theorists claiming to have mastered the secrets of strategic management are contentious and confusing. But as a manager, the ability to size up a firm's strategic position and understand its likelihood of sustainability is one of the most valuable, yet difficult skills to master. Layer on thinking about technology – a key enabler to nearly every modern business strategy, but also a function...
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...Dad has a new job, which means a new area, a new house and worst of all, a new school. Sadly I finished unpacking yesterday so I'm going to school today, why can't I stay home again? "Scarlet! Come down or you'll miss breakfast!" My mum calls from downstairs; I take one more look at my choice of outfit before going to the kitchen and eating my breakfast. "Where's dad?" I look up at my mum to see her over happy face, how can she be so happy about this? "He's gone to work; a different job means a different schedule." I don't question anymore as I finish my food, kiss my mum and little sister and run out the door. I get to school and head to the principal’s office, the woman at the desk lets me in and the principal stares me down. "Welcome Scarlet, here is you new class schedule, I have also assigned a buddy to help you get around the school." Before I know what's happening I'm out the office and facing a boy a little taller than me. "Hey." Man I'm awkward around new people, he doesn't look up as he whispers a small hello and walks off. I run after him and silently follow into a class room, he sits down and I get the feeling he doesn't like me. Too bad, the only open seat is next to him, I walk over and the teacher starts talking about random stuff. As the teachers going on and on I decide its best to at least have my 'buddy' half like me, so I write a note and slide it over to him, luckily he has a look and writes back. Me: what's your name? Him: Ben, yours? Me: Scarlet...
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...April 9, 2014 Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens Martin Gilens Princeton University mgilens@princeton.edu Benjamin I. Page Northwestern University b-page@northwestern.edu forthcoming Fall 2014 in Perspectives on Politics For helpful comments the authors are indebted to Larry Bartels and Jeff Isaacs, to three anonymous reviewers, and to seminar participants at Harvard and Rochester Universities. Gilens and Page Testing Theories of American Politics 2 Abstract Each of four theoretical traditions in the study of American politics – which can be characterized as theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy, Economic Elite Domination, and two types of interest group pluralism, Majoritarian Pluralism and Biased Pluralism – offers different predictions about which sets of actors have how much influence over public policy: average citizens; economic elites; and organized interest groups, mass-based or business-oriented. A great deal of empirical research speaks to the policy influence of one or another set of actors, but until recently it has not been possible to test these contrasting theoretical predictions against each other within a single statistical model. This paper reports on an effort to do so, using a unique data set that includes measures of the key variables for 1,779 policy issues. Multivariate analysis indicates that economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent...
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...onoECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS 2009-10: FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMIC THINKING Table of Contents Preface to the Economics Resource .................................................................................. 5 Fundamentals of Economics ............................................................................................ 7 The Basic Economic Problem—Scarcity ............................................................................................ 8 Production of Goods and Services .................................................................................................... 10 Increasing Costs ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Factors of Production ............................................................................................................... 14 Benefit-Cost Analysis – Marginal Decision-Making ......................................................................... 15 Marginal Utility and Waffles ............................................................................................................ 17 More on Marginal Utility and the Effect of Prices ............................................................................ 19 Individual and Social Goals .............................................................................................................. 20 Positive and Normative Economics...
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