...Jeremy Mayes BSC1001.004: Intro Biology Genetically Modified Organisms: The Jatropha Curcas Plant In a tropical regain you can find a plant that is changing the world slowly but surely. This plant is called The Jatropha Curcas plant(JCP). This plant benefits the ecosystem in many ways, but just like most Genetically Modified Organisms, they do have their downfalls. It's always important to know exactly what a plant has to offer after it has been genetically changed. FCP is a plant that has been genetically altered by scientists. The plant is a part of the Spurge family. The Jatropha Curcas is genetically modified by taking a set of DNA from one plant and transfer the DNA and change some of the other plants DNA with the new DNA this will change some of the traits. Altering the plant to be able to withstand heat or less water. The effects it has on plants can make the plant more stable for farming and have a longer life. With genetic modification, the plant also went from 30% to...
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...Biodiesel History What is Biodiesel? Biodiesel is a fuel that is not from petroleum. It is other alternative fuel similar to ‘fossil’ diesel. It can be produced straight from renewable sources like vegetable oil, animal oil/fats or waste cooking oil. Biodiesel is a clean burning, non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly fuel that can be used in any diesel engine. The biggest possible source of suitable oil comes from oil crops such as palm or soybean. The vegetable oil and fats need to be converted into a fuel that can be blended in any proportion to conventional petroleum based diesel by a process called transesterfication. With this process, anyone can use the fuel without having to make any modifications on engine. Transesterfication was first conducted as early as 1853 by scientists, E.Duffy and J.Patrick many years ago before diesel engine became practical. People normally think that biodiesel fuel is only to be used for cars. It is true that biodiesel fuel is an environmentally friendly substitute for petroleum but however, biodiesel can be used in many other products. Biodiesel can also be used as a fuel for stove, for cooking. If you own a biodiesel generator, you can generate electricity to supply power to your house. It is very environmentally friendly and economical. Biodiesel Technology by FRIM Biodiesel technology falls under one of 5 research units in Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), which is Bioenergy of Forest Product Divisions...
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...production from Jatropha curcas: A review Wilson Parawira Department of Applied Biology, Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Avenue de I' Armee, B. P. 3900 Kigali, Rwanda, E-mail: aparawira@yahoo.co.uk. Tel: +250785561670. Accepted 2 July, 2010 Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and from animal fat. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant, contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J. curcas and efficient processing technology to biodiesel will be crucial determinants of delivering a competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition of J. curcas reported in literature are provided in this review. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and confirm to the American and European standards. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas L. plant, the production of biodiesel from the seed oil and research attempts to improve the technology of converting vegetable oil to biodiesel and the fuel properties of the Jatropha biodiesel....
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...Report: Gap analysis RSB sustainability standard [Company A] Report date: [Day] [Month] [Year] Report authors: Ander Paz and Peter Vissers (Partners for Innovation BV) (corresponding author: p.vissers@partnersforinnovation.com) Report reviewer: [Person P] Report status: Confidential, final version Report produced for: [Company A] [LOGO Company A] PREFACE >> This preface provides background on the report template for the gap analysis against the RSB sustainability standard. Report template and toolbox This report template is part of the toolbox that was developed and piloted within the project “Towards Sustainability Certification of Jatropha Bio-fuels in Mozambique”. This project was initiated in 2009 and implemented in 2010 by the Jatropha Alliance together with Partners for Innovation and GEXSI. The report template is published for inspiration. We hope that the tools developed within the pilot project can inspire other companies involved in assessing and developing their sustainability practices. Toolbox and tools are made available through the websites of the project team: www.jatropha-alliance.org and www.partnersforinnovation.com. Structure of the report template The RSB gap analysis report template offers an example on how an assessor can report on the gap analysis. The template is available in MS Word. It contains a number of introductory sections, four main chapters and three annexes. The report template basically provides a structure...
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...Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369204 Review Article Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Juliana Félix-Silva,1 Raquel Brandt Giordani,2 Arnóbio Antonio da Silva-Jr,1 Silvana Maria Zucolotto,2 and Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa1 1 Laborat´rio de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacˆutica (TecBioFar), Programa de P´ s-graduacao em Ciˆncias o e o ¸˜ e Farmacˆuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, e Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o 2 Laborat´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm´ cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), o a Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o Correspondence should be addressed to Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa; mpedrosa31@uol.com.br Received 24 February 2014; Revised 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 May 2014; Published 5 June 2014 Academic Editor: Shi-Biao Wu Copyright © 2014 Juliana F´lix-Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution e License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,” is a medicinal plant largely used throughout Africa and America...
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...Biofuel * Introduction Biofuels are a wide range of fuels which are in some way derived from biomass. The term covers solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases. Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials. It is originally derived from the photosynthesis process and can therefore often be referred to as a solar energy source. There are many pros and cons to using biofuels as an energy source. Biofuels don’t contribute to global warming and they emit less particulate pollution than other fuels, especially diesel. They are also renewable sources of energy as you can just keep producing more. They reduce greenhouse gas emissions when compared to conventional transport fuels. Actually biofuels are not carbon neutral simply because it requires energy to grow the crops and convert them into fuel. The amount of fuel used during this production (to power machinery, to transport crops, etc) does have a large impact on the overall savings achieved by biofuels. Biofuels prove to be substantially more environmentally friendly than their alternatives. Biofuels can be made from many sources such as plant material, fungi and algae and since these source are available in abundance and can potentially reproduced on a massive scale they are an energy source that is potentially unlimited, this will end our need to depend on other...
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...TO SAVE THE DIESEL FUEL AND ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION BY USING JATROPHA OIL Mohd Zaheen Khan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi- 110025 (India) E-mail: zhnkhan4@gmail.com Tel: 8802198381(M) Abstract The aim of present study is to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of C.I. engine using a suitable bio diesel as a fuel. The bio diesel selected to conduct this experimental investigation is Jatropha biodiesel. The performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine and methyl-ester of Jatropha oil as the fuel is evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. The fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value,...
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...Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India 2 [ M. Tech-Energy Systems ] University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India 1&3 Abstract: Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. IIJJE ER RT T fulfill emission in certain is receiving control catalytic converters in order to future ultra-low exhaust way These are finite reserves which are highly concentrated standards. Three catalytic converter is an effective technique to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines because of Rh being used as catalyst helps to release the oxygen atoms stored in NOx in the reduction reaction. After these studies succeeded in reducing the NOx emissions from biodiesel by regions of the world. Currently Jatropha biodiesel attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The subject of the research presented in this thesis was the development new strategies for automotive three way www.ijert.org 1 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 IssueISSN: 2278-0181 2, February- 2013 three way catalytic converter without a significant change of BTE, BSFC and smoke opacity. The main focus of this dissertation is on finding out the best or the most suitable blend of biodiesel which when used gives out least Keywords: JB , 3way catalytic converter, NOx emissions. Introduction : The increasing focus on the environmental impacts of fossil fuel based power generation has led to increased...
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...Competing with the global giants England had always been considered to be one of the most civilised nations in the world, gathering from the country's vast historical stories and researches, England has gone through many civilisation phases as the country slowly emerges into globalisation. It is these journeys which defines England as how it is today. We have learnt of many driven influences and factors which has led this mighty nation into a civilised success, and this paper will explore all of the possible driving factors behind this great nation, and the reason for its undefeated economical standing and the highly regarded and prestigious education standards it possesses. Not only is England one of the most famous countries in the world, it is also one of the most famous from the West and United States of America. The strategy they decide to choose to keep them in this same power will ultimately steer the country's predictions for the future of globalisation. In previous times, humans walked and swam as a way of traveling, it was very difficult to communicate long distances; for example, if we walked 100 miles without stopping, it would take 1 day to get to the destination. For this reason, most countries' development was very slow and each country had a different level of technology because they could not share knowledge or ideas with each other. However, this situation began to change after Europeans improved naval techniques which allowed Europeans to travel to other continents...
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...Case study of the Economic Problem The basic economic problem Economists distinguish between wants and needs; needs are those things which people require to survive. These comprise food, water and protection from the elements in the form of shelter and clothing. Nestlé products fall into two of these categories (food and water). However they can only be described as wants because it is possible to survive without consuming any Nestlé products at all. All resources are considered scarce because the wants for them (the demand) outstrip the various uses for them (the supply). This means that they have to be shared out (distributed) by a mechanism such as price. There are numerous ways in which a resource may be used, an opportunity cost is therefore created whenever one use is preferred over another. If water is used for industrial production, it is not available for agriculture or domestic consumption. Water is a classic example of the distribution problem of scarce resources. There is actually enough water in the world for everyone's needs, and it is not a resource that is ever 'used up' in the way that other resources can be consumed. The amount of water in the earth's water cycle - evaporating from the sea, then falling as precipitation over land - is constant, the problem is one of distribution - it is not always located where it is needed. Read more: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/nestle/sustainability-and-water/the-basic-economic-problem.html#ixzz1oPYHca55 Case...
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...diversify the kind of fuels that can run a diesel engine and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. • ECO-FRIENDLY .. No additional Carbon Oxides are emitted into the atmosphere. .. This is because only carbon stored in the plants seeds are released back in the atmosphere as carbon oxides. • COST SAVINGS .. Waste Vegetable oils cost an average of $0.30 per litre for filtering and is usually free of charge. Whereas diesel costs $1.243, saving a total of $0.943 per litre. Copyright © Singapore Polytechnic. All rights reserved. 3 • GREAT FUTURE SCOPE .. Internet research has shown that some oil from wild plants can be used to make bio-diesel and possibly used directly on a modified diesel engine. .. One such plant is Jatropha curcas, also called physic nut. The very oleaginous kernels can be used to make both bio-diesel and vegetable oil, to be used as motor and heating fuel. When properly irrigated, it procedures seeds during almost the whole year (in tropical regions with high humidity). In drier regions there are 2 peaks in seed production. .. By proving vegetable oil is suitable for the engine, more focus can diverted to finding more alternate fuels like “physic nut”. 1.3 Methodology To fulfil the primary objective of the project, that is, to find a renewable and recyclable alternate source of fuel, we did chemical analysis on the different fuels we obtained and made. The chemical tests were: • Higher Calorific Value test • Flash Point test ...
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...Summer Project Report Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as abiotic stress marker in CSV-17 variety of Sorghum bicolor. Submitted in partial fullfilement of the requirement for B.Tech. Biotechnology Semester VII AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN JAIPUR 2011 Supervised by: Dr Ajit Kumar Sr. Research Officer S.P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur Submitted by: Ravi Pareek DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as abiotic stress marker in CSV-17 variety of Sorghum bicolor” is a record of the work compiled by me under the supervision and guidance of Dr. Ajit Kumar, S.P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur as a part of my 45 days summer training. Ravi Pareek (B.TECH-BIOTECHNOLOGY) (AUR0821094) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all with due regard to my respective god with whose kindness and blessing we could be able to accomplish the task of training. Mr. Sourabh Pareek, for his kind permission to allow me to undergo my major project at S. P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur. I am overwhelmed with rejoice to take this opportunity to evince my profound sense of reverence and gratitude to my esteemed supervisor respective Dr. Ajit Kumar, for giving his regular advice and excellent suggestion which have helped us for completing the study. His regular assistance and guidance really helped me to bring formidable task in successful manner. Sincere thanks to Dr. Sonali Jana and Dr. Neha Upreti for their cooperation...
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..."NATURAL PRESERVATIVES" Anthony C. Dweck Research Director, Peter Black Medicare Ltd., White Horse Business Park, Aintree Avenue, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, UK. BA14 0XB SUMMARY This paper looks at the theoretical development of a natural preservative system using the author's data base on medicinal plants as a source of references. The legal aspects of this concept are considered. The traditional methods of preservation, many taken from the food industry are summarised. The use of alcohol, glycerine, sugar, salt, dessication, anhydrous systems and temperature are amongst examples considered. The definitions of the many words used to describe the act of preservation are considered, and the confusion that results from the presence of the many synonyms is considered. e.g. antimicrobial, antibiotic, antiseptic, bactericidal, etc. Specific organisms are identified as being of particular interest, especially those standard organisms that form part of the B.P. challenge test. These include Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus. A cross-section of plants mentioned in the literature as being specifically targeted at these organisms are considered. The paper concludes with Appendices of plant materials that have mention in the literature according to specific definitions, which may give researchers a potential introduction to future research. KEY WORDS Natural preservation, traditional preservation, challenge test organisms...
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...THE EFFECTIVENESS BANANA (MUSA X PARADISIACA) PEELS USED AS FERTILIZER APPLIED IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS SAMPLES RESEARCHER: BERLENE GAIL H. LAMA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study A banana peel, known as a banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. As bananas, whether eaten raw or cooked, are a popular fruit consumed worldwide, with yearly production over 145 million tonnes in 2011, there is a significant amount of banana peel waste being generated as well. Banana peels are used as feedstock as they have some nutritional value. Banana peels are widely used for that purpose on small farms in regions where bananas are grown. There are some concerns over the impact of tannins contained in the peels on animals that consume them.[3][4] Banana peels are used as feedstock for cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, rabbits, fish and several other species. The specific nutrition contained in peel depends on the stage of maturity and the cultivar; for example plantain peels contain less fibre than dessert banana peels, and lignin content increases with ripening (from 7 to 15% dry matter). On average, banana peels contain 6-9% dry matter of protein and 20-30% fibre (measured as NDF). Green plantain peels contain 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening. Green banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green while ripe banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars. Banana peels are also used for water purification...
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...Energy, Infrastructure and Communications I n tandem with the pick-up in overall industrial growth, core industries and infrastructure services have also evinced signs of recovery with easing of supply bottlenecks in certain sectors and demand recovery in others. The robust growth momentum in telecommunications, particularly the wireless segment, continues with monthly additions exceeding 17.6 million connections. In the midst of the worstever slowdown in the history of world civil aviation, even the modest levels of growth in India are indicative of resilience. Core industries like power, coal and other infrastructure like ports and roads are also reviving. Available evidence points to a steady revival of flows of investible resources. However, the levels of broadband penetration, capacity creation in some crucial infrastructure sectors and the state of development of markets for longterm finance remain causes for concern. There is need to develop infrastructure to complement and sustain the economic growth momentum. Efforts—legislative, administrative and executive—are on to minimize the infrastructure deficit, ameliorate bottlenecks in completion of projects and nurture core industrial intermediates and infrastructure services. 10 CHAPTER 10.2 The stimulus measures announced by the national authorities worldwide to combat the economic slowdown contained infrastructure buildup plans. In line with the rest of the world, the Union Budget for 2009-10 substantially stepped...
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