Question 1
By the eighteenth century, the Dutch Republic | a. | saw the power of the oligarchy considerably reduced. | | b. | established a system of male democracy. | | c. | suffered a decline in economic prosperity. | | d. | permanently expelled the House of Orange. | | e. | continued its great economic prosperity of the sixteenth century. |
1 points
Question 2
The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her _______ accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten.

1 points
Question 3
The dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century | a. | occurred after decades of warfare between its neighbors. | | b. | was reversed by the successful rebellion of General Kosciuszko. | | c. | showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period. | | d. | was reversed as the result of the Council of Berlin. | | e. | resulted from the Polish king's repeated insults and attacks on his neighbors. |
1 points
Question 4
In England, a legislative district controlled by one man or one family was known as a | a. | gerrymander. | | b. | tenured seat. | | c. | sinecure. | | d. | pocket borough. | | e. | good job. |
1 points
Question 5
Of the great European powers in the eighteenth century, the only one not to possess a standing army and to rely on mercenaries was | a. | Russia. | | b. | Prussia. | | c. | Great Britain. | | d. | Austria. | | e. | France. |
1 points
Question 6
A key financial innovation of the eighteenth century was | a. | the increased use of specie in preference to less reliable paper money. | | b. | international currency markets and arbitrage speculation. | | c. | the circulation of paper banknotes compensating for a lack of coinage. | | d. | deficit spending by enlightened monarchs to pay for vital government reforms. | | e. | the creation of insurance policies. |
1 points
Question 7
Which of the following statements best describes eighteenth-century European cities? | a. | They were decreasing dramatically in population. | | b. | They were still filthy and lacked proper sanitation. | | c. | They were becoming politically and legally independent of monarchial control. | | d. | They were becoming more democratic in their government. | | e. | They were remarkably cleaner than the medieval city. |
1 points
Question 8
In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued | a. | at least 350 imperial decrees for the reform of judicial practice in Hungary. | | b. | 6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws. | | c. | three new court circulars on improved operations for the imperial bureaucracy. | | d. | an edict separating the Austrian government from any connection with the Catholic Church. | | e. | 150 new ranks of imperial bureaucrats. |
1 points
Question 9
Enlightened absolutism in the eighteenth century | a. | could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time. | | b. | was unable to implement legal reforms in many European states. | | c. | was such a general failure that divine right monarchy soon replaced it. | | d. | successfully undermined the interests of the European nobility. | | e. | was most successful in the strengthening of domestic diplomatic practices. |
1 points
Question 10
Which of the following countries did not participate in the partition of Poland: | a. | Austria | | b. | Prussia | | c. | England | | d. | Russia | | e. | a and c |
1 points
Question 11
Labeled as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his age" and among the most successful in wresting power away from the nobility was | a. | Gustavus III of Sweden. | | b. | Frederick William I of Prussia. | | c. | Charles III of Spain. | | d. | George III of Great Britain. | | e. | Joseph II of Austria. |
1 points
Question 12
European population growth in the second half of the eighteenth century | a. | in fact declined because of increased urbanization which resulted in increased unsanitary conditions. | | b. | was nearly double the rate of the first half of the century. | | c. | saw all of the great powers grow in population except Russia. | | d. | occurred despite increased death and infant mortality rates. | | e. | was due to the absence of famines and elimination of most major diseases. |
1 points
Question 13
All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century except | a. | the Atlantic trade contributed to the growth of European cities. | | b. | international trade had become greater than trade within Europe. | | c. | there was a dramatic increase in trade between European nations and their colonies. | | d. | overseas trade let to the growth of related industries, such as textile manufacturing. | | e. | trade within Europe was still greater than overseas trade. |
1 points
Question 14
Catherine the Great of Russia | a. | successfully eliminated the power of the Duma. | | b. | established a permanent political and military alliance with revolutionary France. | | c. | weakened the nobility with her extensive enlightened reforms. | | d. | followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks. | | e. | instigated enlightened reforms for the peasantry after the revolt of Emelyn Pugachev. |
1 points
Question 15
The 2006 movie Marie Antoinette was directed by | a. | the Coen Brothers. | | b. | Lisa Azuelos. | | c. | Juliet Berto. | | d. | Francis Ford Coppola. | | e. | Sofia Coppola. |
1 points
Question 16
All of the following contributed to the growth of population in the second half of the eighteenth century except | a. | the end of the bubonic plague. | | b. | new crops from America such as corn and potatoes. | | c. | a decline in the death rate. | | d. | an increase in women who married during their child-bearing years. | | e. | the end of typhus and smallpox. |
1 points
Question 17
The Austrian Empire under Joseph II | a. | rescinded all of Hungary's privileges. | | b. | saw the nobility's power permanently stripped away. | | c. | reversed the enlightened reforms of Joseph's mother, Maria Theresa. | | d. | saw Austria turn away from any sort of Enlightened Despotism. | | e. | witnessed general discontent due to Joseph's enlightened but radical reforms. |
1 points
Question 18
Europe's unequal social organization in the eighteenth century was | a. | deemed contrary to Christian teaching. | | b. | became dramatically more equal as the century progressed. | | c. | least apparent in Prussia. | | d. | abolished in Britain by Parliament in opposition to the king. | | e. | determined by the division of society into traditional orders. |
1 points
Question 19
European society in the eighteenth century witnessed | a. | the continued dominance of the nuclear family. | | b. | a pattern developing of marriage at earlier ages for brides and grooms. | | c. | rapidly declining rates of illegitimate births and a consequent decline in infanticide due to stringent laws prohibiting either. | | d. | the growth of the extended family. | | e. | the declining importance of the woman in the "family economy." |
1 points
Question 20
European diplomacy during the eighteenth century was predicated on the idea that | a. | in a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominance over another. | | b. | the charisma of a ruler determined a country's success in foreign policy. | | c. | the largest army always wins. | | d. | sea power was the basis of real power. | | e. | a country's empire determined its greatness. |
1 points
Question 21
Pugachev's rebellion broke out after | a. | Prussia successfully invaded Russia and stole half of the Ukraine. | | b. | Catherine II worsened conditions for the peasantry. | | c. | Peter the Great imposed new taxes on the people. | | d. | Catherine II tried to draft peasants into the army. | | e. | a bad harvest caused massive starvation in Poland. |
1 points
Question 22
Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed | a. | the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states. | | b. | the rise of the masses in politics as advocated by the philosophes. | | c. | "enlightened absolutism" establish its deepest roots in France. | | d. | a decline in bureaucratic structures and more laissez-faire types of government. | | e. | the waning of monarchical power. |
1 points
Question 23
The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all of the following except: | a. | access to military and civil offices. | | b. | immunity from severe punishment. | | c. | exemptions from most forms of taxation. | | d. | guarantees against becoming poor. | | e. | judgment by peers. |
1 points
Question 24
The problem of poverty in eighteenth-century Europe was | a. | solved in France in the 1770's through massive royal public works projects. | | b. | aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials toward the poor. | | c. | solved largely through the efforts of private and religious charities. | | d. | entirely the result of the Industrial Revolution. | | e. | most severe in Great Britain, a country lacking a system of poor relief. |
1 points
Question 25
All of the following were persistent trends in the upper-class eighteenth-century European family except | a. | children often removed from foundling homes and boarded at state and municipal workshops. | | b. | childhood being viewed more and more as a special phase in human development. | | c. | the use of a variety of birth control techniques. | | d. | the decline in the total number of children per family. | | e. | the use of wet nurses. |