...beginnings, was ridiculed by fellow students who saw the ragged clothes and unrefined “country” manners as ill-suited for middle-class African-American society (Wilson II, 2010). John Harold Johnson was snubbed by advertisers when he founded Johnson Publishing Company, Inc. (JPC) in 1942 with a dream and a $500 loan on his mother's furniture which is the largest African-American owned and operated publishing company (Murrill, 2007). His magazines would include positive presentations and examples of African American life in the United States, leaving negative representations to others. JPC is headquartered in Chicago but has a global reach with offices in New York, DC, London and Paris. It is the home of Ebony founded in November 1945 and Jet magazines November 1951, as well as Fashion Fair Cosmetics founded in 1973, Ebony Fashion Fair founded in 1958, and the Johnson Publishing Company Book Division. Linda Johnson Rice, daughter of founder John H. Johnson, operates as president and CEO of the company (Miller, 2009). John H. Johnson is a leader and a manager. Leadership is the process of developing ideas and a vision, living by values that support those ideas and that vision, influencing others to embrace them in their own behaviors, and making hard decisions about human and other resources (Hellriegel & Slocum, 20011). No company on the be 100s has demonstrated more consistent performance than Johnson Publishing Co. (JPC), which is celebrating its 60th year as the world's No...
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...Emmett Louis Till was to African Americans what the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was to Americans in December 1941, or the attack of 9/11 to Americans of our own day. We therefore take refuge in telling you what happened only because why it happened is too difficult to handle, so irrational as to be incomprehensible. Emmett Louis Till was a fourteen-year-old African American born July 25, 1941 on the south side of Chicago, Ill. He was murdered by Roy Bryant and his half brother, John W. Milam, in Money, Mississippi on August 28, 1955 for "Wolf Whistling" at Carolyn Bryant, wife of Roy Bryant. Against the advice of A.A. Rayner, Emmett's mother insisted on an open casket funeral. More than 50 thousand people passed the open coffin. When Jet Magazine published a picture of the disfigured corpse of Emmett Till, millions across the world read about the lynching of the fourteen-year-old Emmett Till. Newspapers across the world carried the story. Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were acquitted for the murder of Emmett Till. An all white-male jury took less than an hour to find the two men not guilty. Had they not taken a soda break, their deliberations would not have taken an hour, said one of the jurors. In spite of the fact that the two admitted taking Emmett Till from his great-uncle's cabin, the two men were later acquitted of kidnapping charges. The highlights of the...
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...How Jet Engines Work and Produce Thrust Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Basic Components of a Jet Engine 4 2.2 Compressor 4 2.3 Combustor 5 2.4 Turbine 5 2.5 Exhaust Duct/Nozzle 5 4.0 Creation of Thrust in a Turbojet Engine 7 5.0 Conclusion 9 6.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction According to Hunecke (1997), jet engines, also known as gas turbine engines, are the most widespread and most efficient method used for airplane propulsion currently. The Jet engine uses basic principles and concepts of motion but applying it using a combination of complex mechanical systems to achieve thrust. There are many types of jet engines; however, this paper will concentrate on the Turbojet Engine to explain the workings of the jet engine to achieve thrust and propulsion. 1.1 How the turbojet Engine Works Turbojet Engines apply Newton’s Third Law of Motion that states, “For every motion there is an equal and opposite reaction” (Hünecke, 1997, p. 4). Simply, when a burnt mixture is ejected backwards from an engine, a forward force is generated on the engine and thus on the aircraft. The bigger the backward force the bigger the forward force (reaction force). Thrust is created when the burnt mixture pushed out the back is ejected at higher velocity than that of the air being sucked in. (Hünecke, 1997, p. 4) The engine’s fans suck air in at the front. A compressor, made up of fans with many blades and attached to the shaft, elevates the pressure of the air...
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...Equity Research June 16, 2016 BSE Sensex: 26726 INDIA Aviation Flying high amid good times Reason for Report: Sector thematic and initiating coverage InterGlobe Aviation (Rs1,011 – BUY) Target price Rs1,268 SpiceJet (Rs66 – HOLD) Target price Rs64 Jet Airways (Rs561 – ADD) Target price Rs621 Research Analysts: Ansuman Deb ansuman.deb@icicisecurities.com +91 22 6637 7312 India’s aviation sector is set to undergo a strong growth period, which should benefit all the incumbent players, particularly on a benign crude price outlook. Our supply-demand model for domestic air traffic implies 14% growth in passengers as evidenced from firm aircraft orders and latest delivery schedules. With yield management becoming the singular strategy lever for Indian Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs), cost structures assume high importance and structural asymmetries will decide the competitive edge for the airlines. However, much of these asymmetries in cost structure are inherited from the fleet strategy adopted by various airlines, hence normally have a long-lasting impact on their balance sheets. High operating leverage proves fatal in a cyclical downturn where balance sheet strength is vital. At the comfort of hindsight, bulk orders have benefitted IndiGo with valuable incentives, which have given it the structural advantage of lower rentals, while single fleet focus and strong balance sheet have lent IndiGo asymmetrical advantages on maintenance costs, redelivery expenses and supplementary rentals...
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...manufacturing his first turbojet in January 1930 (Bellis, 2012). His first engine was a single-stage centrifugal compressor attached to a single-stage turbine was tested in 1937 (Bellis, 2012). The jet engine has become very complex engine based on simple concepts; in simplest terms, the jet engine produces thrust for flight by compressing, combustion, and accelerating air out the exhaust faster than when it came in the inlet. Throughout my career, I have maintained, troubleshot, and repaired several different types of turbine engines, all of which are similar because of this theory of operation. When looking at a jet engine, everyone usually sees the fan blades, but before this component, there is the inlet, or intake, which is the structure in front of the fan. For aircraft that cannot fly supersonically, the inlet is a basic housing that directs air straight into the fan; for much faster aircraft, the inlet is longer and contains a slight curve as it leads to the fan. This is because when the aircraft is flying at supersonic speeds, the air entering the jet engine must be slowed to subsonic speeds (“the jet engine,” n.d.). It is very important for the inlet or intake to allow the engine to operate at maximum efficiency throughout the entire flight and at all power settings (“the jet engine,” n.d.). Some problems with intakes are, among other things, engine stall when traveling at low speeds and high angle of attacks, crosswinds across the inlet can cause disruption to the smooth...
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...General Electric uses a multifaceted approach to help make them one of the industries leaders in engine production. This approach includes resources both financially and managerially. Financially General Electric has invested $50 million in new engine technology, with an additional $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion being required to help them bring new engine designs to the forefront. General Electric has also received a $20 million grant from NASA in order for them to create the first tester UDF engine. General Electric’s Aircraft Engine Business Group (AEBG) manages the production of GE’s engine technology. AEBG has successfully put together a list of resources including Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and others in an attempt to put their engine group at the front of the market. According to industry segmentation models, General Electric’s AEBG occupies around $4.7 billion in revenue sales. Using the segmentation model it is also clear that AEBG’s profitability is net yearly earnings of $381 thousand. In order to develop a good product, AEBG spends a lot of time making sure that the area of research and development is given close attention. AEBG invested 20% of its total revenue in company funded research and development, which is a high amount, even in the high technology sector of aircraft engines. To properly develop the new UDF engine, General Electric will have to spend $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion. This is after an initial investment of $50 million. General Electric will be able...
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...POSITION PAPER ON THE AIRPORTS SECTOR IN INDIA May 2009 Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance Government of India AIRPORTS SECTOR EXISTING SCENARIO 1. The civil aviation traffic has seen an unprecedented traffic in the past few years on account of booming Indian economy, growing tourism industry, entry of low cost carriers in the private sector, liberalization of international bi-lateral agreements and liberalization of civil aviation policy. In future also the civil aviation traffic is expected to grow at the same pace despite current slowdown due to global recession. But airport infrastructure has not kept pace with the growth of the civil aviation traffic. This has resulted in congestion and inefficient services in major airports, limited landing slots, inadequate parking bays and congestion during peak hours for airlines. Development of quality infrastructure will have an impact on international competitiveness and economic growth. This requires faster development of civil aviation infrastructure on public private partnership mode. In tune with the requirement many initiatives have already been started in the 10th five year plan and they are expected to continue in the 11th plan also. 2. Of a total number of 454 airports and airstrips in India, 16 are designated as international airports. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) owns and operates 97 airports. A recent report by Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) states that over the next 12 years...
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...Human Factors has been a crucial part of the aviation industry for some time now. The reputations of Airlines are depended on the safety that they provide in order for the passengers to feel secure during the flight without any problems. But the modern world still experiences the hard ship of dealing with human factors that affect the pilot in control hindering decision making as well as the ability to act quicker resulting in accidents occurring. It is known that 70% of fatal accidents are related to human factors, of which 20% is fatigue. It is evident that fatigue is a major implement in accidents occurring with the loss of passengers and money in airlines, which is why they are a concern in the aviation industry. The question that most pilots have to face when they have been involved in an accident is whether the accident was caused by a human error or a mechanical failure, most being human errors and this essay will be based on the concept of fatigue as well the risks and management that can be supported to improve this human factor. There are two types of fatigue if it was to be categorised: Physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Physical fatigue is when the individual experiences lack of strength within himself, such as lifting objects where the muscles are fatigued. On the other hand, mental fatigue is to do with the mind not physically such as the level of consciousness decreases as time goes resulting in decrease in attention. This can be dangerous when a task that needs...
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...Propellers are usually powered by fuel engines that work a lot like a car, however “Turbo Props” is usually a modified jet engine with an extra turbine in the jet to drive the propeller (Digest,265). The propeller has been called as somewhat of an airscrew, referring to the way a screw pulls itself through wood.(Digest,265) As the blades spin in air they generate a forward force this force is much of the same way as lift on a plane. Propeller blades are not only twisted they were made that way in order to improve the angle. This idea goes hand in hand with pitch, however the angle of attack is constantly adjusted to keep the plane steady especially near the hub where the power comes from. The angle more commonly known as the angle of attack does not generate power from inside the propeller but feeds from the air around it. In order for the propeller to spin there must be some engine/motor...
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...and that information technology has now become a key component of a corporation’s global business strategy.With the development of science and technology and increase of income level, industrial structures of all the countries have been also undergoing readjustment and upgrading. In recent years, developed countries in the west are gradually entering the era of knowledge economy and have started to shift to developing countries many labor-intensive industries of weak international competitiveness. This process of cross-country shift is pushing forward an in-depth development of economic globalization Technology shaped and set the foundation for modern globalization like innovations in the transportation technology such as commercial jet aircraft and the concept of containerization in the late 1970s and 1980s. Inventions of microprocessors and telecommunications enabled highly effective computing and communication at a low-cost level. Finally the rapid growth of the Internet is the latest technological driver that created global e-business and e-commerce. internet access and some of the fastest broadband networks in the...
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...1 Hughie E. Butler COMM/105 September 24, 2012 2 On December 17, 1903 Orville Wright took the first sustained flight of a machine. This feat started the race what is todays Aviation world. In todays world of Aviation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Stealth Fighters and massive cargo and airline jets are a thing of the norm. Being a part of the Aviation world, I have seen many variations of all the above. From single seat T-38 Trainer Jets to the Airbus 480, they come in all sizes in shapes with one thing in common, powered flight. Thrust is the essential component for the air vehicle to leave the hold of gravity closest to the Earth. Gravity is equal to 9.8 meters/second. This means that the center of an object in relativity to the center of the Earth has a force equal to 9.8 meters of force. As you move further away from Earths center or, Gravitational Pull, the force becomes lesser. For instance, at 1000KM above the surface you force becomes 7.33 m/s and at 5000KM force is 5.68 m/s. A jet engines thrust is what forces the mass or Air Vehicle away from the earths surface causing the effect of “lift off”. Thats just the tip of the iceberg. Flight characteristics is what keeps an air vehicle in “sustained flight”. Lift, pitch, yaw, and roll are the key factors within these characteristics. Newtons third law states that forces always come in equal and opposite pairs. When the...
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...The Generation of Electricity Redbud (A combination plant) The Generation of Electricity Redbud (A combination plant) The Redbud Plant Driving up to the plant was remarkable in that the plant occupied so much space that it was practically inconceivable that I had never seen it before. The sheer amount of steam pouring off the cooling towers provided an easily seen waymark upon the approach to the plant and from a distance it appeared to be a manufacturer facility for clouds. Upon the drive up, security was quickly notated as they requested my ID and provided me a pre-printed name tag indicating that our presence had already been vetted and accounted for. Key note, it was very very cold outside. I’m curious whether the steam generation would have been as spectacular from a viewing perspective if it had been a lot warmer outside. That being said, they quickly split us up into groups and we had the great fortune of both going inside (mmm warmth) and we got to learn about the integral pieces of what we were about to see which gave us some perspective on what we’d observe. In this case we were observing a combination cycle power plant which combines the Rankine (steam) power cycle with a Brayton (gas turbine) cycle. In order to combine these two processes, the combustion gases from the Brayton cycle are actually funneled into a Rankine cycle system. The efficiency gains of the combination were compared and in their presentation they notated that a steam power plant users...
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...DEAR WIKIPEDIA READERS: You’re probably busy, so we’ll get right to it. This week we ask our readers to help us. To protect our independence, we'll never run ads. We survive on donations averaging about $15. Now is the time we ask. If everyone reading this right now gave $3, our fundraiser would be done within an hour. Yep, that’s about the price of buying a programmer a coffee. We’re a small non-profit with costs of a top website: servers, staff and programs. Wikipedia is something special. It is like a library or a public park, a temple for the mind where we can all go to think and learn. When we founded Wikipedia, we could have made it a for-profit company with advertising banners, but we decided to do something different. Commerce is fine. Advertising is not evil. But it doesn’t belong here. If Wikipedia is useful to you, take one minute to keep it online and ad-free another year. Thank you. If we all gave $3, the fundraiser would be over within an hour. One-time Monthly* $3 $5 $10 $20 $30 $50 $100 Other $ Credit Card PayPal Amazon Problems donating? | Other ways to give | Frequently asked questions | By donating, you are agreeing to our donor privacy policy. The Wikimedia Foundation is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. *Recurring payments will be debited by the Wikimedia Foundation until you notify us to stop. We'll send you an email receipt for each payment, which will include...
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...The movie Expendables was a box office smash that came out in 2010. It is about a group of men that are mercenaries that take a job to stop a dictator in another country. It is full of action and even has some humor to it that makes the movie even more pleasurable. One example would be one of the characters that is played by Jet Li. He is way smaller person than all of his counter parts and is always trying to challenge them. Even though he is way smaller than them he does keep up with them and that makes it funny, especially when he starts saying funny remarks. It also has some struggles in the movie that reflect what everybody goes through sometimes in their lives which makes it easier for the audience to relate. The main character in this movie is Sylvester Stallone which is the leader of the mercenaries and is one of the most level headed characters throughout the movie. He ends up seeing this woman played by Gisele Itie and he starts falling for her while still trying to do the right thing. Once the other mercenaries find out about his feelings towards the woman they start to think that he may be making mistakes. Even though this movie is action packed it still shows people that even the toughest person in the world can be loving and kind and that we are all humans that have feelings after all. This movie is a bit graphic so if you have a weak stomach than this is not the movie for you. Another thing that made this movie such a box office smash was the fact that it had a...
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...industry is the fastest growing market in the world after China and Japan. Until the liberalization in the early 90’s, the Indian Civil aviation Industry was controlled by the government of India. In the mid 90’s, the airline Industry opened up with the entry of new private carriers. Industry figures indicate the domestic passenger segment growth to be at 12% P a. and growth for international segment at 7%. A report from the Ministry of Civil aviation estimates that by the year 2010, 25 to 40 million international passengers will fly through Indian airports, while around 45 to 70 million passengers will be flying in the domestic front. At present, the market leader, “Jet airways” along with “Air sahara” controls 46% of the Market share, while “Indian”controls 25%. “Air Deccan controls 13% and Spice jet 6% with Kingfisher having 8% share. Indian Airlines commenced operations in the year 1953, with an initial capital of Rs.3.25 Crores, under the Air Corporation Act. It was formed by nationalizing and merging a group of eight airlines. The Airline was primarily interested with the task of serving the domestic sector and neighbouring countries. Over the years, combined with Air India, it had a near total monopoly over the Indian Skies. On December 7, 2005, Indian Airlines went in for a name Change and has dropped the word “Airlines”. It is now known as “Indian” and has also come out with a new logo. World over, airlines have gone in for a new logo after...
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