...1. Which, if any, of the following initiatives undertaken by Ratan Tata do you think were good ideas? a) Creation of a Group Brand b) Building of equity interlocks among the Tata companies c) Sale of a part of Tata Industries Limited to the Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson group d) Revitalisation of Tata Administrative Services 2. What do you think of some critics’ opinion that Ratan Tata was moving the group of companies in exactly the opposite direction from where it should be going? The Indian economy following the 1991 crisis swiftly moved away from central planning economy towards market-based economy with the government having less intervention and control. As a result, companies were operating in what is called emerging markets. Khanna & Palepu (1997, pp.41-2) describe emerging markets as hardly uniform that lack in providing the institutions vital for basic business operations. Companies that operate in such environment must adapt their strategies to fit their institutional context. Appendix 1 of the case study clearly shows market failures of Indian economy in mid 1990s compared to the UK and US. Some of the market failures include: information problems (e.g. limited phone lines, TVs, newspapers) capital markets problems (e.g. low bank assets, limited watchdog bodies, limited access to local capital markets and market information asymmetries) political and risk factors problems (e.g. corruption, low efficiency of judicial system, state intervention...
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...DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS. MANAGE STAFF , PREPARING WORK SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNING SPECIFIC DUTIES. ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT DEPARTMENTAL POLICIES, GOALS, OBJECTIVE, AND PROCEDURES, CONFERRING ORGANISATION OFFICIALS. PRODUCTION OF SALT AS PER PRODUCTION SCHEDULE, ACHIEVE MAX EFFICIENCY OF THE PLANT, COST OPTIMIZATION, MAINTENANCE OF PLANT EQUIPMENT CO-ORDINATION WITH TECHNICAL TEAM DRIVER CO-ORDINATION WITH TECHNICAL TEAM TO ENSURE MAX. PLANT UTILIZATION RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT DRIVER EFFECTIVE TEAM BUILDING WITH ALL DEPT. COST OPTIMIZATION THINKER ACHIEVE MAX. OUTPUT WITH LEAST RESOURCES TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT DRIVER TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT OF STAFF TEAM BUILDING AND SECOND LINE THINKER & DRIVER DEVELOPMENT LEAD THE TEAM WITH THE HIGHEST ETHICAL STANDARDS, BY MAINTAINING EXCELLENT COMMUNICATION, WHICH WILL BE MOTIVATING THE CONFIDENCE OF THE TEAM. WORKING COLLABORATIVELY WITH ALL THE DEPARTMENTS, PEERS AND EMPLOYEES AS A TEAM WILL BE BENEFICIAL TO ACHIEVE DESIRED GOAL FOR THE COMPANY. STRONG BELIEVER OF SECOND LINE DEVELOPMENT SO THAT THE COMPANY IS ALWAYS HEALTHY IN TERMS OF EFFICIENT & EFFECTIVE WORKING HANDS. 1 TECHNO-COMMERCIAL ABILITIES 2 GO GETTER 3 LEADERSHIP 4 PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY FOCUS 5 TEAM MANAGEMENT & INTERPERSONAL SKILLS...
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...medical field; the first robotic usage was performed in 1987, and there was many drawbacks to those first experiences such as restricted degrees of motion, decreased sense of touch, and .increased sensitivity to hand movement. The main issues that surrounds this procedures is safety measures and maintenance, as there is no grantee that the computer systems of robot is going to work in high safe. Other issues comes from the cost, since robotic surgery is more expensive than traditional, this will make it unavailable for public hospitals, and those who are poor may not be able to benefit from this technology, but this transfer from traditional methods in medicine must happen, as technology affected all aspects of our lives. Robot might sound as a very modern scientific invention, but it is not as the first time “robot” was introduced and coined was in 1921, in a play written by the Czech writer Karel Capek, and since then robots took a place in many aspects of our lives, they also take place in dangerous and highly precise tasks, such as aviation, and here we will discuss the medical usage of robots, starting from the history, to political and economic questions, also Psychological considerations and sociological effects , and the ethical considerations. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy using robots was performed in 1987, since then, the procedures performed in similar ways have grown “at a pace consistent with improvements in technology and the technical skill...
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...In this essay I am going to look at the ethical issues of reproductive medicine (RM), focusing on in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo selection and surrogacy. I will present, discuss and evaluate arguments put forward and echoed by both sides of the dilemma. RM is directed at helping people overcome their medical problems with procreating, i.e. creating new human life. However, as long as some RM techniques produce technically superfluous pre-embryos, RM has to deal with life and death decisions about inchoate human beings that are in a developmental phase about whose moral status hardly anyone has well-grounded intuitions or generalizable beliefs (Human Reproduction Update 1996, Vol. 2, No. 5 pp. 447–456). The ethics of reproductive medicine...
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...1. Would you describe Jim Steiner’s approach as a Transactional, Charismatic or Transformational style of leadership? Styles of Leadership can play and important role in organisational development. To explain this it is best to analyse the meaning of each style. The three most common styles are Transactional, Transformational and Charismatic. Transactional: This style is common amongst many companies. It is based on reward and punishment as a means of motivation. This type of leader has all the power to make staff do what they are told. He/she has complete control over staff. The Staff are given an assignment and must do it in accordance with the requirements of the leader. The reward is in the form of money or any award for compliance or effort. The punishment for not complying could be dismissal, loss of bonuses, et cetera. The Transactional Leader makes it clear at the onset what is expected of the staff, what results are to be achieved, what orders are to be followed, when the task is to be completed. The results will determine whether the employee is rewarded or punished. This style is for people who lack ambition, who are happy with the wages they receive. People who like to be led, the type of people that come to work, do what they are expected to do, and then go home. I would not place Jim Steiner in this category. From what is written, if he was this type of Leader he would have followed corporate managements request and gotten rid of the existing management team...
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...The J.M. Smucker Company, More Than Jams and Jellies Cynthia Rice, Kristina Lochner, and Mary Renz University of Central Oklahoma April 4, 2011 Abstract The history of the J.M. Smucker Company is reviewed and demonstrates the evolution of the company. Business strategies and the importance of business intelligence systems are examined, concerning how the company conducts business. The company's growth processes resulting from acquisitions and brand awareness are reviewed. Innovative plans implemented continually within the company are mentioned. The importance of people is stressed throughout the company and in the public eye. The J.M. Smucker Company continues to hold fast to the same values that the company began with over one hundred years ago. The J.M. Smucker Company Although the J.M. Smucker Company (SJM) began by selling its apple cider, for many years now it has been well known for its jams and jellies. Today, however, the company has expanded into several other markets within the food industry. They have continued to grow through acquisitions and name brand awareness. The company has a strong vision and holds to its moral ideals and values throughout its business activities. Smucker's continually develops new product ideas to expand its peanut butter and jelly market. Additionally, the J.M. Smucker Company remains the leading producer of jam and jellies and is known for its quality products. History Jerome Monroe Smucker established the J...
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...www.elsevier.com/locate/ijproman E-ethical leadership for virtual project teams Margaret R. Lee * Capella University, 225 South Sixth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, United States Received 30 March 2008; received in revised form 21 May 2008; accepted 27 May 2008 Abstract This paper presents a review of current literature on ethical theories as they relate to ethical leadership in the virtual business environment (e-ethics) and virtual project leadership. Ethical theories are reviewed in relation to virtual project management, such as participative management, Theory Y, and its relationship to utilitarianism; Kantian ethics, motivation, and trust; communitarian ethics, ethic of care and egalitarianism; Stakeholder Theory; and the use of political tactics. Challenges to e-ethical leadership are presented and responses to these issues discussed. The conclusion presents four propositions for future research. The purpose of this paper is to identify secondary literature on e-ethics and how this new area of business ethics may affect the leaders of virtual project teams. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-ethics; E-leadership; Virtual project management; Virtual teams; Project management; Ethics; Project leadership; Ethical project leadership; E-ethical project management; Sensitive material; Code of conduct; Social isolation; Virtual community; Stakeholder involvement 1. Introduction The need for ethical leadership in project teams has always...
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...Executive Summary In this research paper, we attempt to explore initiatives introduced by the United Nations in support of anti-corruption in emerging markets, such as Principle 10 of the United Nation’s Global Compact. We determined to explore this topic area after realizing a paradox: while the United Nations has recognized the phenomenon of corruption as “one of the world’s greatest challenges”, the sole UN principle that addresses this issue is under-developed and is the least among the four focus areas of the Compact (as compared to human rights, labour, and environment). Furthermore, there are even less initiatives undertaken by the UN that specifically address the prevention of corruption in emerging markets, both in business and government sectors. We begin by providing a literature review of past research in our topic area, followed by a theoretical analysis of the causes of corruption in emerging markets. As part of this theory, we have identified five variables that are our focus: level of poverty, cultural boundaries and differences, access to education, amount of extortion and bribery in government and business, and level of transparency and accountability. Using these variables, we arrive at new conclusions and then provide a discussion on their implications for international managers. Throughout the paper, we also explore the magnitude of the effects that have resulted from the addition of Principle 10 to the Global Compact. Introduction A wide...
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...Case report Cultural differences in truth-telling to cancer patients: Chinese and American approaches to the disclosure of ‘bad news’ Dong Xue1, Jane L Wheeler 2, Amy P Abernethy 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, PR China, 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA A central challenge of the palliative care clinician, and of the oncologist who sees patients with advance disease, is that of ‘breaking bad news’. As this conversation requires that the clinician divulge extremely sensitive and personal information, and usually incurs an emotional response from the patient, truth-telling to advanced cancer patients is not only a challenging task but also one likely to be handled differently in cultures according to differing norms for interpersonal behavior and communication. China and the United States, with their deepset communitarian vs. individualistic ethics, respectively, typify divergent cultures. This paper discusses cross-cultural differences in norms of truth-telling to cancer patients, that is, the extent to which physicians inform patients themselves of their disease status when prognosis is poor; China and the US are used to illustrating potential differences in approach and consequent...
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...Challenges in Managing and Preventing Sexual Harassment in a Culturally Diverse Workplace. In recent years the topic of sexual harassment has become one of the most talked about issues in the press. Sexual harassment is a topical problem for many employees that not only leads to discrimination in labor, loss in wages, low productivity and stress, but it also influence the general atmosphere of lawlessness and violence against the comfort of other human beings. The act sexual harassment creates a hostile tense working environment. In this paper we will discuss the challenges in managing and preventing sexual harassment in a culturally diverse workplace. We will also discuss some cases of reported sexual harassment that has occurred in different countries, the laws against sexual harassment and the affect it has on companies as a whole. The global trend to eliminate any forms of sexual harassment in the field of labor relations is one of the priorities of modern day society. Companies around the world face the task of ensuring there are decent working conditions for employees. These conditions include one free from sexual harassment. When incorporating prevention measures some cultures are harder to implement for than others. Because of this, cross-cultural companies are considered difficult to management because of the peculiarities of the mentality and the differences in cultural practices, but regardless if the structure, sexual harassment requires a solution in order...
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...April-May 2013 AUTOMOBILES AND AUTO ANCILLIARIES TANMAY AGARWAL Special Focus India Car Lease business to pick up Societe Generale's ALD Automotive 26 May, Mumbai According to ALD Automotive, the car lease business is expected to register huge growth in the upcoming years. Besides decreasing fixed costs, car leasing is also expected to particularly useful be for SMEs. Demand is expected to pick up in the pharmaceutical sector where increasingly companies are giving cars to their medical representatives to increase sale conversions and increase employee retention. Also agricultural companies are expected to increase lease cars usage as they can no longer rely on public buses. India-EU FTA Agreement: Likely to cause more problems for the reeling sector The India EU FTA Agreement has run into major hurdles as far as the automobiles are concerned. It is understood that the EU has been pushing the Indian side for import duty cuts. This has resulted in Indian Automakers being up in arms as they feel that cheap imports may further impact their already lackluster sales. Leading players like Maruti have been actively lobbying the government to keep this sector out of the purview of the agreement as it believes that it will result in flooding of the market by European cars. Industry Talk Daimler to develop India ops as export hub 24 May, Chennai Daimler India Commercial Vehicles- will be exporting locally assembled trucks from the conglomerate's Mitsubishi Fuso range...
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...World Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 1. No. 3. July 2011. Pp. 1-15 Cosmetic Accounting Practices in Developing Countries: Bangladesh Perspectives Asif Mahbub Karim 1 , Rehana Fowzia 2 and Md. Mamunur Rashid Cosmetic accounting is a process whereby accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules to manipulate the figures reported in the accounts of a business. This study expresses the views of External Auditors, Internal Auditors, and the Accountants on causes, techniques, effects and solution for Cosmetic Accounting. To achieve these purposes total 108 respondents have been surveyed. Findings from descriptive statistics reveal that the perceptions of three categories respondents are different about the various aspects of cosmetic accounting .It also shows the opinions of internal auditors, external auditors and accountants raised some concerns as to whether these circumstances will last. 3 Field of Research: Accounting. Keywords: Cosmetic Accounting, Accountants. External Auditor, Internal Auditor, 1. Introduction Creative accounting is referred to also as income smoothing, earnings management, earnings smoothing, financial engineering and cosmetic accounting. The preferred term in the USA, and consequently in most of the literature on the subject is „earnings management‟, but in Europe the preferred term is „creative accounting‟ and so this is the term that will be used in this paper. It should be recognized that some accounting manipulation involves...
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...World Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 1. No. 3. July 2011. Pp. 1-15 Cosmetic Accounting Practices in Developing Countries: Bangladesh Perspectives Asif Mahbub Karim 1 , Rehana Fowzia 2 and Md. Mamunur Rashid Cosmetic accounting is a process whereby accountants use their knowledge of accounting rules to manipulate the figures reported in the accounts of a business. This study expresses the views of External Auditors, Internal Auditors, and the Accountants on causes, techniques, effects and solution for Cosmetic Accounting. To achieve these purposes total 108 respondents have been surveyed. Findings from descriptive statistics reveal that the perceptions of three categories respondents are different about the various aspects of cosmetic accounting .It also shows the opinions of internal auditors, external auditors and accountants raised some concerns as to whether these circumstances will last. 3 Field of Research: Accounting. Keywords: Cosmetic Accounting, Accountants. External Auditor, Internal Auditor, 1. Introduction Creative accounting is referred to also as income smoothing, earnings management, earnings smoothing, financial engineering and cosmetic accounting. The preferred term in the USA, and consequently in most of the literature on the subject is „earnings management‟, but in Europe the preferred term is „creative accounting‟ and so this is the term that will be used in this paper. It should be recognized that some accounting manipulation involves...
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...The name of the college: speak up college. Name of the student: md. Alamgir Student ID: sul/std/1784 Module name: administrative service. Content 1) Introduction....................................................................................................................... 32) Explanation of different administrative services........................................................... 33)Analysis the knowledge and skill required For the effective administrative service............................................................................. 44) Explain the challenge presented when offering administrative service...................... 55) Explanation the legal requirement for administrative service..................................... 66) A letter to the plumbers regarding filing system............................................................. 87) Setting up Electronic filing for plumbing........................................................................ 1011) Setting up Stock control system for plumber’s products............................................. 1012) Provide templates for purchase systems........................................................................ 1213) Meeting plan for the clients............................................................................................. 1314) The purpose of meeting is to report sales managers..............
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...Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute of Nursing, Winterthur, Switzerland Department of Education, Training and Professional Development, Stadtspital Waid Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland Department of Medicine, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Correspondence: Lorenz Imhof PhD RN Zurich University of Applied Sciences Institute of Nursing School of Health Professions Technikumstr. 71 CH-8401 Winterthur Switzerland lorenz.imhof@zhaw.ch pivotal. Therefore, leadership by experienced senior physicians and nurses is needed and great efforts should be made with regard to multidisciplinary education. Key words: decision-making; multidisciplinary collaboration; end-of-life issue; resuscitation orders Introduction Since the 1980s, “do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR)” orders have become common in medical practice. DNAR orders are given for 50–60% of patients who die a non-sudden death, with wide variations among countries. DNAR orders apply to only 19% of hospitalised patients in Italy, but to as many as 83% in Sweden and 86% in Switzerland [1, 2]. The frequency of DNAR decisions in which competent patients had been involved in the decision is as low as 10% in Italy and as high as 84% in the Netherlands. Several other authors reported strong reluctance on the part of medical professionals to raise the question of potential resuscitation efforts with their patients [3–9]. While U.S. law has long required that consent...
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