...Assembly Language Programming Lecture Notes Delivered by Belal Hashmi Compiled by Junaid Haroon Preface Assembly language programming develops a very basic and low level understanding of the computer. In higher level languages there is a distance between the computer and the programmer. This is because higher level languages are designed to be closer and friendlier to the programmer, thereby creating distance with the machine. This distance is covered by translators called compilers and interpreters. The aim of programming in assembly language is to bypass these intermediates and talk directly with the computer. There is a general impression that assembly language programming is a difficult chore and not everyone is capable enough to understand it. The reality is in contrast, as assembly language is a very simple subject. The wrong impression is created because it is very difficult to realize that the real computer can be so simple. Assembly language programming gives a freehand exposure to the computer and lets the programmer talk with it in its language. The only translator that remains between the programmer and the computer is there to symbolize the computer’s numeric world for the ease of remembering. To cover the practical aspects of assembly language programming, IBM PC based on Intel architecture will be used as an example. However this course will not be tied to a particular architecture as it is often done. In our view such an approach...
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...System Programming ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩ: ﻣﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ Second Class CHAPTER FIVE (Loaders and Linkers) Introduction: In this chapter we will understand the concept of linking and loading. As discussed earlier the source program is converted to object program by assembler. The loader is a program which takes this object program, prepares it for execution, and loads this executable code of the source into memory for execution. Definition of Loader: Loader is utility program which takes object code as input prepares it for execution and loads the executable code into the memory. Thus loader is actually responsible for initiating the execution process. Functions of Loader: The loader is responsible for the activities such as allocation, linking, relocation and loading 1) It allocates the space for program in the memory, by calculating the size of the program. This activity is called allocation. 2) It resolves the symbolic references (code/data) between the object modules by assigning all the user subroutine and library subroutine addresses. This activity is called linking. 3) There are some address dependent locations in the program, such address constants must be adjusted according to allocated space, such activity done by loader is called relocation. 4) Finally it places all the machine instructions and data of corresponding programs and subroutines into the memory. Thus program now becomes ready for execution, this activity is called loading. Loader Schemes: Based on the various...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Current trends in electric energy generation are moving towards the utilization of the environment friendly sources of energy, represented by the wind and solar energy ones as a supplementary energy resource. The solar based one is the more attractive because it is characterized by being free, incur no fuel cost, abundant, limits less, distributed all over the world, pollution free, and require little maintenance. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency and in order to maximize power output from the solar panels, one need to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is required. Efficient collection of maximum solar irradiance (MSI) on a flat plate type photovoltaic solar panels or a cylindrical parabolic solar reflector requires adjustments of two parameters of the energy collecting surface namely the angle of Azimuth, and the angle of tilt, of the surface to be illuminated. As the elevation angle of the sun remains almost invariant in a month and varies little (latitude + 100) in a year, there is no need for automatic adjustment of the tilt angle. Everyday, the sun rises in the east, moves across the sky and sets in the west. If one could get a solar panel to turn and look at the sun all day hours, then it could receive the maximum amount of sunlight possible and convert it into the more useful energy (electricity). The current of the solar module is very sensitive...
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...Chapter 6 Reading Excel Worksheets 0.1 0.2 Introduction.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. A Section Title .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Demonstration: .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Exercises .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.3 0.4 Chapter Summary ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Solutions .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Solutions to Exercises .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Solutions to Student Activities (Polls/Quizzes) .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6-2 Chapter 6 Reading Excel Worksheets 6.1 Using Excel Data as Input 6-3 6.1 Using Excel Data as Input Objectives Use the DATA step to create a SAS data set from an Excel worksheet. Use the SAS/ACCESS LIBNAME statement to read from an Excel worksheet as though it were a SAS data set. 3 Business Scenario An existing data source contains information on Orion Star sales employees from Australia and the United States. A new SAS data set needs to be created that contains a subset of this existing data source. This...
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...COMPANY - BARAL, RITU, ET AL 33 - 37 Rpt. 25736405 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC CREDIT SUISSE - NORTH AMERICA - SHEPARD, JEREMIAH, ET AL 38 - 56 Rpt. 25732665 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC RBC CAPITAL MARKETS (CANADA) - SIMEONIDIS, SIMOS, ET AL 57 - 62 Rpt. 25732827 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC JMP SECURITIES LLC - COMPANY REPORTS - BAYKO, LIISA 63 - 67 Rpt. 25735100 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC OPPENHEIMER AND CO - RESEARCH DEPARTMENT 68 - 72 Rpt. 25736008 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC RBC CAPITAL MARKETS (CANADA) - SIMEONIDIS, SIMOS, ET AL 73 - 78 These reports were compiled using a product of Thomson Reuters www.thomsonreuters.com 1 Table of Contents Rpt. 25736195 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY - LUGO, TIM, ET AL 79 - 83 Rpt. 25736196 01-Apr-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC LEERINK PARTNERS LLC - SCHWARTZ, JOSEPH, ET AL 84 - 87 Rpt. 25684726 24-Mar-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC COWEN AND COMPANY - BARAL, RITU, ET AL 88 - 97 Rpt. 25676066 23-Mar-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC JMP SECURITIES LLC - COMPANY REPORTS - BAYKO, LIISA 98 - 102 Rpt. 25678704 23-Mar-2015 SAREPTA THERAPEUTICS INC WEDBUSH SECURITIES INC - BEHANNA, HEATHER, ET AL 103 - 107 Rpt. 25649780...
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...Quality assurance as a valuable tool to improve teaching and training in the South Africa Police Services (SAPS) in the Northern Cape John M. Modise Cecelia A. Jansen Provincial Section Head Training (SAPS): Colonel Associate Professor Division Human Resource Management Department of Teacher Education Provincial Head Office: Kimberley University of South Africa (UNISA) Tel+2712 0797335236 Tel+2712 429-4070 johnmodise@gmail.co.za janseca@unisa.ac.za Key words: Quality, quality assurance, quality management system, standards, total management Quality assurance as a valuable tool to improve teaching and training in the South Africa Police Services (SAPS) in the Northern Cape ABSTRACT Orientation: It is imperative to have quality assurance processes in place in division training to provide quality training to enable members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) to provide quality services to communities within their area of jurisdiction. The aim of the research under review was to determine the presence of and possible need for the implementation of effective quality assurance processes in education and training in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Research purpose: The aim of this article under review is to discover whether and to what extent effective quality assurance processes are being implemented in in-service and specialized education and...
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...------------------------------------------------- Introduction to Embedded C for 8051 and Implementation of Timer and Interrupt Handling Compiled by: Sivaranjan Goswami, Pursuing M. Tech. (2013-15 batch) Dept. of ECE, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India Contact: sivgos@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- Note: It is a practical guide in which it is presumed that the reader has already learned about the hardware architecture, programming model, and assembly language programming of 8051 microcontroller. In case you are totally new to 8051 microcontroller I recommend you to read the “8051 Tutorial” available at: https://sites.google.com/site/enggprojectece/my-reading-list It has also been presumed that the reader has at least the beginner level knowledge of computer programming in C language (user defined functions, data types, header files, loops and the flow of a C program). In this tutorial first an introduction to Embedded C is given. A few examples are shown. Then the implementation of timer and interrupt are discussed. (All programs shown here are compiled and executed using Keil µVision 3) Pin Diagram of 8051 (please note the pins used for external interrupts – INT0 & INT1, Serial Port Transmitter – TxD, Serial Port Receiver – RxD, Counter input for Timer-0 – T0 and Counter input for Timer-1 – T1) Embedded C The syntax of embedded C is the same as the C language that we use for writing computer programs. The only difference...
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...The media’s watching Vault! Here’s a sampling of our coverage. “For those hoping to climb the ladder of success, [Vault’s] insights are priceless.” – Money magazine “The best place on the Web to prepare for a job search.” – Fortune “[Vault guides] make for excellent starting points for job hunters and should be purchased by academic libraries for their career sections [and] university career centers.” – Library Journal “The granddaddy of worker sites.” – U.S. News & World Report “A killer app.” – The New York Times One of Forbes’ 33 “Favorite Sites.” – Forbes “To get the unvarnished scoop, check out Vault.” – SmartMoney Magazine “Vault has a wealth of information about major employers and job searching strategies as well as comments from workers about their experiences at specific companies.” – The Washington Post “A key reference for those who want to know what it takes to get hired by a law firm and what to expect once they get there.” – New York Law Journal “Vault [provides] the skinny on working conditions at all kinds of companies from current and former employees.” – USA Today Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) VAULT CAREER GUIDE TO MIDDLE MARKET INVESTMENT BANKING JOE BEL BRUNO AND THE STAFF OF VAULT Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Copyright © 2009 by Vault.com, Inc. All rights reserved....
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...About the Tutorial Assembly language is a low-level programming language for a computer or other programmable device specific to a particular computer architecture in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems. Assembly language is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an assembler like NASM, MASM, etc. Audience This tutorial has been designed for those who want to learn the basics of assembly programming from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on assembly programming from where you can take yourself to higher levels of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the Assembly programming concepts and move fast on the learning track. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt...
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...they work.” —COMPUTER POWER USER (CPU) MAGAZINE “This is an excellent book. Those who are ready to move on to [the next level] should pick this book up and read it thoroughly.” —ABOUT.COM INTERNET/NETWORK SECURITY ® San Francisco HACKING: THE ART OF EXPLOITATION, 2ND EDITION. Copyright © 2008 by Jon Erickson. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Printed on recycled paper in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 123456789 ISBN-10: 1-59327-144-1 ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-144-2 Publisher: William Pollock Production Editors: Christina Samuell and Megan Dunchak Cover Design: Octopod Studios Developmental Editor: Tyler Ortman Technical Reviewer: Aaron Adams Copyeditors: Dmitry Kirsanov and Megan Dunchak Compositors: Christina Samuell and Kathleen Mish Proofreader: Jim Brook Indexer: Nancy Guenther For information on book distributors or translations, please contact No Starch Press,...
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...INFORMATION OF 8086 WORKING WITH MS-DOS AND BIOS.... The Processing Environment The processing environment for MASM includes the processor on which your programs run, the operating system your programs use, and the aspects of the segmented architecture that influence the choice of programming models. 8086-Based Processors The 8086 “family” of processors uses segments to control data and code. The later 8086-based processors have larger instruction sets and more memory capacity, but they still support the same segmented architecture. Knowing the differences between the various 8086-based processors can help you select the appropriate target processor for your programs. The instruction set of the 8086 processor is upwardly compatible with its successors. To write code that runs on the widest number of machines, select the 8086 instruction set. By using the instruction set of a more advanced processor, you increase the capabilities and efficiency of your program, but you also reduce the number of systems on which the program can run. Processor Modes Real mode allows only one process to run at a time. The mode gets its name from the fact that addresses in real mode always correspond to real locations in memory. The MS-DOS operating system runs in real mode. Windows 3.1 operates only in protected mode, but runs MS-DOS programs in real mode or in a simulation of real mode called virtual-86 mode. In protected mode, more than one process can be active at any one time...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses on the introduction of this study. This includes the background 0f the study, background of the Bank Rakyat, problem statement, objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study. This chapter also discusses on scope and limitations of study and definition of term. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For the past few years, a pawn broking has taken place in our country. It has been started since the 15th century which was introduced by the Chinese traders during the Malacca Sultanate. Then, it continued to expand after the discovery of tin mining in Larut in the 19 century. Pawn broking can be traced back to at least 3,000 years in ancient China. It also has been found in the earliest written histories of Greek and Roman civilizations. According to the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the Ar- Rahnu scheme can demonstrate its roles as a viable microcredit product of the financial institution in meeting the different customer requirements. Firstly, it represents a credit channel to those who want to use Ar-Rahnu scheme to obtain financial resources to meet their daily financial requirements; and secondly, it can be a credit channel to those who requires temporary working capital, particularly for small business. The objective of Ar-Rahnu is to create an alternative financing channel to the conventional pawn broking, that is not only more transparent but it also more compliant with...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Statistics for Management and Economics Abbreviated, Ninth Edition Gerald Keller VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr. Developmental Editor: Elizabeth Lowry Editorial Assistant: Nora Heink Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Libby Shipp Marketing Manager: Adam Marsh Content Project Manager: Jacquelyn K Featherly Media Editor: Chris Valentine Manufacturing Buyer: Miranda Klapper Production House/Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company Senior Rights Specialist: John Hill Senior Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley Internal Designer: KeDesign/cmiller design Cover Designer: Cmiller design Cover Images: © iStock Photo © 2012, 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses on the introduction of this study. This includes the background 0f the study, background of the Bank Rakyat, problem statement, objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study. This chapter also discusses on scope and limitations of study and definition of term. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For the past few years, a pawn broking has taken place in our country. It has been started since the 15th century which was introduced by the Chinese traders during the Malacca Sultanate. Then, it continued to expand after the discovery of tin mining in Larut in the 19 century. Pawn broking can be traced back to at least 3,000 years in ancient China. It also has been found in the earliest written histories of Greek and Roman civilizations. According to the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the Ar- Rahnu scheme can demonstrate its roles as a viable microcredit product of the financial institution in meeting the different customer requirements. Firstly, it represents a credit channel to those who want to use Ar-Rahnu scheme to obtain financial resources to meet their daily financial requirements; and secondly, it can be a credit channel to those who requires temporary working capital, particularly for small business. The objective of Ar-Rahnu is to create an alternative financing channel to the conventional pawn broking, that is not only more transparent but it also more compliant with...
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...Faculty of Business and Economics A comparison of two-stage segmentation methods for choice-based conjoint data: a simulation study Marjolein Crabbe, Bradley Jones and Martina Vandebroek DEPARTMENT OF DECISION SCIENCES AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (KBI) KBI 1109 A Comparison of Two-Stage Segmentation Methods for Choice-Based Conjoint Data: A Simulation Study Marjolein Crabbe Bradley Jones Martina Vandebroek Abstract Due to the increasing interest in market segmentation in modern marketing research, several methods for dealing with consumer heterogeneity and for revealing market segments have been described in the literature. In this study, the authors compare eight two-stage segmentation methods that aim to uncover consumer segments by classifying subject-specific indicator values. Four different indicators are used as a segmentation basis. The forces, which are subject-aggregated gradient values of the likelihood function, and the dfbetas, an outlier detection measure, are two indicators that express a subject’s effect on the estimation of the aggregate partworths in the conditional logit model. Although the conditional logit model is generally estimated at the aggregate level, this research obtains individual-level partworth estimates for segmentation purposes. The respondents’ raw choices are the final indicator values. The authors classify the indicators by means of cluster analysis and latent class models. The goal of the study is to compare the segmentation performance...
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