...Job design determines the future of the company. Nowadays companies use job specialisation as their common job design. Job specialisation is a job composed of a small part of larger task or process (Williams & McWilliams, 2010). However workers will quickly feel bored due to repetition of same specific task every working day. Application of Job Characteristic model (JCM) that consists of five core dimension can solve the boredom and low job satisfaction of workers. JCM is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes (Williams & McWilliams, 2010). The purpose of this article is to study the advantages and disadvantages of companies inserting job specialisation into their job design and application of JCM to diminish boredom and low job satisfaction of workers that caused by specialised job. Job design is the number, kind and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs (Williams & McWilliams, 2010). Adoption of job specialisation is very common job design among companies. It is widely practiced by successful companies like MacDonald, Subway and BMW in their production of their goods and services. The characteristic of job specialisation are low variety, simple, high repetition and tasks that are easier to learn. Jobs are separated and breakdown into smaller parts to simplify it, make it easier and focus so that employees can master the specific task in the minimum...
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...Topic-3 Introduction Job specialization is basically a job that is comprised of a small portion of larger vocation or procedure (Williams and Mcwilliams). Job specialization is economical and hence used by companies as it takes less time to learn. Specialized jobs are very simple and easy in designing that everyone can acquire in a short period of time. On the other hand, job specialization will also result in low job satisfaction and higher potential for employee boredom and absenteeism as well as higher error rate issues arises. This essay will outline the methodologies for specialized jobs that can be modified to reduce boredom and low satisfaction associated with job specialization through Job characteristic model. Body paragraphs The main reason for low satisfaction from job specialization is internal motivation which means when employees feel good at work as they praised by their bosses. Similarly, specialized jobs can be modified with the help of five strong job characteristics. These are as follows: 1. Skill variety: The degree to which the job requires a man to use the diversion of high-level skills (Bauer). 2. Task Identity: The extent to which a man is accountable for finishing an identifiable bit of work. 3. Task significance: It relates to check whether a person’s job affects others work or not (Bauer). 4. Autonomy: The extent where a person or employee gets freedom and independence to interact with customers rather than just receiving orders...
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...Essay 2b Topic - Job Specialisation uses standardised work procedures to have workers perform repetitive; precisely defined and simplified tasks. Explain why companies use this approach to job design. Using the Job Characteristics model, describe how specialised jobs can be modified to eliminate the boredom and low job satisfaction associated with them. (Chapter 9) According to the management text book Williams & McWilliams, 2010, job specialisation reflects the degree to which tasks get broken down and divided into smaller tasks. Benefits include worker proficiency, decreased time between task transfer and the ability to develop specialized equipment for a specific function. So why do organisations employ such a technique? It’s because they want to leverage these advantages and indeed some of the world’s biggest organisations employ their staff in such a way because it help workers become experts in their assigned job responsibilities. For example, Subway fast food restaurant have a systematic way to prepare food for customers by dividing into few segments that have workers in charge of it so that it is efficient and productive. Production cost can also be cut down by using job specialisation. Low wages and salaries are paid to employees due to the simple and easy nature of the work and employees can replaced easily too. The companies do not need to hire professionals who are higher experienced and educated so that they can maximise their profit. Job design is defined...
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...with a personal anecdote about job specialisation and how it is a repetitive task – by using the personal anecdote the aim is to grab the reader’s attention as they may be able to personally connect with the topic. • Briefly explain job design – ‘the number, kind and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs’ (William, McWilliams) • Define job specialisation and the job characteristic model • Aim/Purpose – is to explain why companies choose to use job specialisation as an approach to job redesign and look at the benefits and impacts of specialising a job. Whilst also exploring how the job characteristic model is used to explain how specialised jobs can be modified to prevent boredom and low levels of job satisfaction. Body Paragraph: 1. Why companies choose to use job specialisation • Explain the benefits of why a company should use job specialisations • Outline the impacts job specialisation can have on companies if they choose to use it to job redesign • Describe factors such as cohesiveness, expectations and attitude of the employees that can bring positive or negative benefits to a company • Provide examples and quotes from articles 2. Using the five core characteristics from the job characteristic model explain how specialised jobs can be modified • Briefly describe the five core elements on the model (skill variety, task identity, task performance, autonomy and feedback) • Describe how jobs can be modified by the elements...
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...behaviour and management theory. 3. Critically analyse the underlying values of these theories. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of management theories and evaluate their impact on practical management decision making in the Australasian context Topic - Job Specialisation uses standardised work procedures to have workers perform repetitive; precisely defined and simplified tasks. Explain why companies use this approach to job design. Using the Job Characteristics model, describe how specialised jobs can be modified to eliminate the boredom and low job satisfaction associated with them. (Chapter 9) Introduction Job specialization reflects the degree to which tasks get broken down and divided into smaller tasks. Benefits include worker proficiency, decreased time between task transfer and the ability to develop specialized equipment for a specific function. Background * Existed in the first half of the century where guidelines laid by people like Adam Smith and Frederick Taylor, who sought to make jobs in organisations as simple as possible. * Ways to move from job specialisation was to introduce job rotation, allowing workers to diversify and relieve boredom (Article 3, Article 1 – good arguments for continual development of job specialisation. Can occur long or short term. Generally used by big companies to train their graduates and give them exposure to all faculties of the organisation. Positive effects * Specialising leads to the rise of knowledge work and communications...
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...Case 1: Heart Attack Managing People and Ethics 3/25/2011 Management 301- Business Organization and Management Eboni Thrower, Jennifer Jackson, Gerald Grant III, Taneisha Pryor Dr. Makamson 1.___________________________ 2.___________________________ 3.____________________________ 4.____________________________ I. Problem Statement Was Mr. Hamid wrong for firing Shauna? Mr. Hamid placed an ad for a part-time bookkeeper at a local college and Shauna came across it. The work Mr. Hamid needed finished for his company would only require the bookkeeper to stay in work with him for about two months. She applied for the job and received the job the same day. During the interview Mr. Hamid stated that he would pay her $150 per week. Realizing that if she accepted $150 per week she would not be making as much money as she would if she worked on an hourly rate; she had to come up with a plan. Shauna negotiated with Mr. Hamid and agreed to work Monday, Wednesday and Friday for seven hours a day for 21 hours a week at $10 per hour. In this agreement Shauna would be put on a three month probationary period, which consisted of no time off, vacation, sick days or holidays off. Shauna was a hard worker and an excellent bookkeeper for Mr. Hamid. She always completed every project and obligation that was ever asked of her beforehand. Shauna constantly asked Mr. Hamid for extra work to do in the office to keep her busy. She never took any time off from work, nor did she ever...
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...occurred? | My co-worker thought that I was trying to take over as the representative of his student. | How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? | The misunderstanding could have been avoided if the co-worker would have called me back before going to his supervisor. | In this situation, I was the one who made the first mistake; that being that I didn’t put my notes into our database when my student referred her husband as a possible student. My student’s husband then called the next day and spoke with my co-worker, Michael, who took all of his information and enrolled him. I received a phone call from my student the next asking why I had told her one thing and Michael had told her husband another. With Michael being new to the job, I thought he made a simple mistake, so I called and left him a voicemail suggesting that we talk about the students to make sure that we were on the same page in what we were telling our students. I then wrote my supervisor an email telling him what I did and said. Michael, upon hearing the message, went to his supervisor because he had the impression that I was trying to take his student from him. His supervisor went to mine asking what was going on. My supervisor explained everything and the matter was resolved. As a result, both the students did not complete the enrollment process or start school. The main thing I learned from this whole ordeal was to make sure that all of my notes are complete and to make sure...
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...benefits of tuition reimbursement to student-employees. She states that these companies help a student with their school costs as well as money in pocket. As well as filling your pockets the author explains how building a solid resume while in college is also important. Ramachandran sums up her article with explaining how important your schoolwork can be. She states some helpful tips; do not expect to pay off college while still in college. The author brings everything into perspective by explaining that students that work 10 hours a week on average have a much better GPA than those students that work 25 or more hours. With dealing with the financial stress of college jobs are not always the answer. Financial aid advisors can help you get money that you won’t have to pay off until later. “After all, the primary job for those in college is to be a...
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...director. The participant group was asked to self-report on perceptions of role ambiguity, experienced levels of anger, anxiety and workplace threat appraisal. In this study, participants were asked questions as to whether they fully understood what was expected of them at work on a day-to-day basis regarding particular tasks, or a range of tasks. This data was then compared with responses to questions which probed whether they had felt anxious or angry at work. Threat appraisal was determined by whether the respondent felt it was more or less likely that their work day was going to be a negative experience for them. Dr Searle’s study found statistically significant correlations between a lack of clarity an individual has regarding their job requirements and reported feelings of anger, anxiety and their threat appraisal. These findings reinforce earlier research conducted by Robert Pearsall from the University of Maryland which demonstrated that these increases in anxiety, anger and threat appraisal can...
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...many organizations implementing the same. It provides flexibility to work part-time and work from home, which is a critical issue for many working females particularly and also among the male members where they can manage their family and work life very well. It provides a heightened sense of loyalty to the employees because they know that their boss trusts them to do their job sincerely, which in turn increases their pride and responsibility towards their work. It has been witnessed that productivity improves when the focus on work improves. It allows people to develop a better understanding of their job and eliminate office space time-wasters like "fake meetings" etc. ROWE also eliminates the illusion of productivity created by the "come early, leave late" mentality many firms require for promotion. Thus the focus is primarily towards results instead of punching the time clock or logging desk time. 2. Identify factors in the ROWE program that might make using it for retail employees more difficult than using it for managers and employees in corporate offices, technical centers, and nonretail jobs and locations. The ROWE-type program has been implemented by various organizations across a broad spectrum in different departments such as IT, back office, etc. But at places like retail stores or bank branches, where one to one customer interaction and service...
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...environment may cause can be detrimental to a person’s health. When anyone| | |is stressed, it can create a number of problems with their health. | |Identify a situation in which you experienced stress in the workplace or provide a |Fictional example: I had been scheduled to work 4 late shifts, out of 5 working days. Every other | |fictional example. |employee only had to work 1 late shift. I brought it to her attention and explained that it was not part| | |of the job requirements when I was hired on. She was visibly upset that I had brought it up and did not | | |want to discuss it at all. Instead, she changed the schedule and made it unbearably tense for the | |...
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...website. The matter of stress is serious and is an ongoing concern. As indicated by both articles that the tough economic times that lead to significant changes within the workplace, has contributed to the increased in stress factors among workers and greatly affect businesses. One major stress factor stemmed from the economic crisis is uncertainty or the fear for the lost of job. The American Psychological Association explains that bankruptcies are among the list of things that caused hundreds of thousands of workers their jobs. Additionally, while millions more have been shifted to unfamiliar tasks within their companies, this dramatic shifting has caused many to wonder how much longer they will be employed. Holmes-Rahe Life Events Scale, in the PDU Magazine Article, also pointed out that many of the most stressful events are related to the workplace and in addition to the lost of job, “firings” on the list mentioned, is the changes in financial status. Undoubtedly, being put out of a job has alarming effects on the individual. According to the American Psychological Association, “the loss of a job can be devastating, putting unemployed workers at risk for physical illness, marital strain, anxiety, depression and even suicide”. In the same light, the PDU Magazine Article has listed the same effects and more, but looked at these effects as a “heavy price” since they take a toll on the individual not only physically but psychologically. Employers and employees within various...
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...Effective Communication will help with better understanding of each other, and have a broader perspective. With effective communication bring more confidence, admiration, and a better work environment where we as people would be able to excel within the work place, having more creative thoughts, being able to problem solve more complex situations. Effective communication is good to have so that both parties will be able to convey the message in which each will understand. It will also help with everyday life setting whether it be dealing with work related relationships , or personal life. I have a experience a few times where I was to use effective communication in the workplace. One time I can recall, were there had been a discrepancy between a co-worker and I that was work related . I work for a Bank, within their retail card service department, lending for private label credit cards where I have to make decisions for financing based on a clients credit ratings, and my co-worker and I had a issue pertaining to lending of credit to the client. A few weeks had went pass where my co-worker and I had not spoken to each; although we were both on the same team, we had no form of communication towards each other, we were both stubborn when it came to issue at hand and wasn't backing down to each other opinions. It soon became a problem where it was becoming noticeable in the work place, and affecting my quality of work. Not only was the discrepancy affecting me and work-related...
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...limitations in the workplace, but older employees have more limitations than the younger workers. Many studies have been conducted on age and work performance, and there were no difference in older workers and younger workers performance. They both have positive and negative effects in the workplace, but there no research that will make the claim that one age group performance is better than the other (Warr, 1993). However, most people think that older workers are more stability, experience, productivity, and this is commonly not originate in younger workers. They believe with all the good work ethic that older employees have they should do well in the workplace. There has been a study that shows that older workers are more faithful to their job, more realistic and more responsible about their standing in a business, as contrasted to younger employees. Both younger and older employees have their advantages and disadvantages in the workforce. Both groups have some decline in the workplace, and it will be difficult to say which...
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...When thinking about transformational changes, many don’t know that if can be something that has happened to them in the past or even present. Transformational changes can be anything from recognizing a significant problem such as not being able to get promoted in a job that you are working for. When thinking about confronting it intensely can be you thinking of reasons on why you’re not getting promoted such as education wise. When finding the solution it could be to get back into school to earn a degree so that when a promotion comes up you are on top of your game and know what to expect. Integrating a new perspective and a new set of assumptions into your life pattern was to take the knowledge that the person has learned as used it in their career. Many people may take the transformational changes to make themselves better but to also make their job more of a career then something that they have to do on an everyday base to base. A transformational change that I did to myself was when working in a child care setting it is hard to want to move up the line to better yourself as a coworker. I had recognized a significant problem about my career and that was the promotion part. Being in the child care setting and working on post for the military they would like to have their co-\workers to have some sort of degree when working in that kind of setting. That was the confronting the intensely part was knowing that I didn’t have a degree. So what I wanted to do was to better myself...
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