Introduction
Everyone who has ever held a job has, at some point, felt the pressure of work-related stress. Any job can have stressful elements, even if you love what you do. In the short-term, you may experience pressure to meet a deadline or to fulfill a challenging obligation. But when work stress becomes chronic, it can be overwhelming — and harmful to both physical and emotional health. Job stress comes in different forms and affects human mind and body in different ways. Small things can make feeling stressed, such as a copy machine that never seems to work when anyone need it or phones that won't quit ringing. Major stress comes from having too much or not enough work or doing work that doesn't satisfy him. Conflicts with boss, coworkers, or customers are other major causes of job stress.
It's normal to have some stress. Stress releases hormones that speed up human heart, making breathe faster, and giving a burst of energy. Stress can be useful when anyone need to focus on or finish a big project. But too much stress or being under stress for too long isn't good for health. Constant stress can make anyone likely to get sick more often. It can make chronic pain worse and can also lead to long-term health problems such as heart diseases, back problems, and depression.
Looking for these signs of job stress: * Headaches * Trouble sleeping * Problems concentrating * Short temper * Upset stomach * Job dissatisfaction and low morale

Definition of Job Stress Job stress is stress involving work. According to the current World Health Organization's (WHO) definition, occupational or work-related stress "is the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope."
Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury.
Westman defined as “job stress arises when demands exceed abilities, while job-related strains are reactions or outcomes resulting from the experience of stress.”
Modern definitions of stress all recognize that it is a personal experience caused by pressure or demands on an individual, and impacts upon the individual’s ability to cope or rather, his/her perception of that ability. Work related stress occurs when there is a mismatch between the demands of the job and the resources and capabilities of the individual worker to meet those demands.

Causes of Job Stress
Job stress results from various interactions of the worker and the environment of the work they perform their duties, location, gender, environment, and many other factors contribute to the buildup of stress. Job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work. Views differ on the importance of worker characteristics versus working conditions as the primary cause of job stress. Here are some common sources of major job stress, with examples of each:
Lack of control
Feeling as if there have no control over work or job duties is the biggest cause of job stress. People who feel like they have no control at work are most likely to get stress-related illnesses.
Increased responsibility
Taking on extra duties then job is stressful. Anyone can get more stressed if he has too much work to do and he can't say no to new tasks.
Job satisfaction and performance
Feeling insecure about job performance is a major source of stress for many people.
Uncertainty about work roles
Being unsure about your duties, how your job might be changing, or the goals of your department or company can lead to stress. If you report to more than one boss, juggling the demands of different managers can also be stressful.
Poor communication
Tension on the job often comes from poor communication. Being unable to talk about needs, concerns, and frustrations can create stress.
Lack of support
Lack of support from your boss or coworkers makes it harder to solve other problems at work that are causing stress for you.
Poor working conditions
Unpleasant or dangerous physical conditions, such as crowding, noise, or ergonomic problems, can cause stress.
Workload
In an occupational setting, dealing with workload can be stressful and serve as a stressor for employees. There are three aspects of workload that can be stressful. Quantitative workload or overload: Having more work to do than can be accomplished comfortably. Qualitative workload: Having worked that is too difficult. Under load: Having work that fails to use a worker's skills and abilities. Workload concept suggests that jobs with high demands can be stressful, especially when the individual has low control over the job.
Job security
This is the extent to which lack of job security and job changes are a source of pressure, for example: job insecurity, lack of job permanence, future job change & fear of skill redundancy.
Work-life balance
The demands of work have the potential to spill over and affect personal and home life and so put a strain on relationships outside work
Long Hours
Expected to or having to work additional hours at home to the detriment of personal, partner and family relationships
Status
A person's status in the workplace can also affect levels of stress. While workplace stress has the potential to affect employees of all categories; those who have very little influence to those who make major decisions for the company. However, less powerful employees are more likely to suffer stress than powerful workers.
Pays and benefits
The financial rewards associated with a job are important in terms of lifestyle. They are also often perceived to be an indication of an individual's worth and value to the organization. Although financial reward may not be a prime motivator, it could become a factor if there are other negative aspects of the job.
Bullying
Bullying in the workplace can also contribute to stress. This can be broken down into five different categories: a) Threat to profession status, b) Threat to personal status, c) Isolation, d) Excess work & e) Destabilization. This in effect can create a hostile work environment for the employees that, which in turn, can affect their work ethic and contribution to the organization.
Workplace conflict
Interpersonal conflict among people at work has been shown to be one of the most frequently noted stressors for employees. Conflict has been noted to be an indicator of the broader concept of workplace harassment. It relates to other stressors that might co-occur, such as role conflict, role ambiguity, and workload. It also relates to strains such as anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, and low levels of job satisfaction.
Sexual harassment
Women are more likely than men to experience sexual harassment, especially for those working in traditionally masculine occupations. In addition, a study indicated that sexual harassment negatively affects workers' psychological well-being. High levels of harassment were related to the worst outcomes, and no harassment was related to least negative outcomes.

The Effect of Job Stress
Stressful working conditions can lead to three types of strains: Behavioral (e.g., absenteeism or poor performance), physical (e.g., headaches or coronary heart disease), and psychological (e.g., anxiety or depressed mood). Physical symptoms that may occur because of occupational stress include fatigue, headache, upset stomach, muscular aches and pains, chronic mild illness, sleep disturbances, and eating disorders. Psychological and behavioral problems that may develop include anxiety, irritability, alcohol and drug use, feeling powerless and low morale. The spectrum of effects caused by occupational stress includes absenteeism, poor decision making, and lack of creativity, accidents, organizational breakdown or even sabotage. If exposure to stressors in the workplace is prolonged, then chronic health problems can occur. There are ten health problems related to stress, such as i) Heart disease, ii) Asthma, iii) Obesity, iv) Diabetes, v) Headaches, vi) Depression and anxiety, vii) Gastrointestinal problems, viii) Alzheimer's disease, ix) Accelerated aging & x) Premature death. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to ascertain because chronic diseases develop over relatively long periods of time and are influenced by many factors other than stress. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that stress plays a role in the development of several types of chronic health problems—including cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychological disorders.

How to Manage Job Stress
There are a variety of steps that can be taken to reduce both your overall stress levels and the stress you find on the job and in the workplace. These include:
1. Taking responsibility
For improving physical and emotional well-being.
2. Avoiding pitfalls
By identifying knee jerk habits and negative attitudes that add to the stress at work.
3. Learning better communication skills
To ease and improve relationships with management and coworkers.
4. Recognize warning signs of excessive stress at work If organization gives warning signs to the employee as a result employee can take decision appropriately.
5. Reduce job stress by taking care Organization can reduce job stress by taking care.
6. Reduce job stress by prioritizing and organizing An employee can reduce job stress by prioritizing and organizing.
7. Reduce job stress by breaking bad habits An employee can reduce job stress by breaking bad habits.
8. Learn how managers or employers can reduce job stress By learning or studying case study of managers or employers, an employee can reduce job stress.
9. Learn to say "no."
Don't overcommitted yourself. If you take on too much, you're creating stress.

Conclusion
Job stress is common in every job. From the above discussion we know that job stress arises when there is a mismatch between the demands of the job and the resources and capabilities of the individual worker to meet those demands. Job stress causes for many reasons, some of which can controllable and some factors difficult to controllable for an individual by himself. Some factors are beyond his control because they are depending on the external environment. But individual can control these work stress by using various methods as discussed above. If people always work under pressure he will face physical, psychological and mental problem. So to overcome these stress one must apply technical & interpersonal skill, current knowledge, modern technology, analytical ability, delegated power and maintaining work routine, work schedule etc. and make his personal and professional better.