...June 2011 John Cage John Cage was an American composer born in Los Angeles on September 5, 1912. As a child he took piano lessons and then studied composition with American composer Adolph Weiss. Cage studied for a short time at Pamona College, and later at UCLA with classical composer Arthur Schoenberg. There he realized that the music he wanted to make was different from the music of his time. Cage dropped out of college in his second year and head to Europe, during the early 1930s; he lives there for just eighteen months. According to the (Biography Base) it stated that it was there in Europe that he wrote his first pieces of music, but upon hearing them he didn't like them, and he left them behind on his return to America. Upon returning to the U.S., he studied in New York with Henry Cowell, finally traveling back to the West Coast in 1934 to study under Arnold Schoenburg. He began writing in his own musical system, often using techniques similar to those of Schoenberg. In 1937 he moved to Seattle and took a job accompanying a dance company. Cage parents didn’t attend college his father earned a living being an inventor. Cage credits his father, being an inventor, and that influent is way in which he wrote music. “Cage described his mother as a woman with "a sense of society" who was "never happy." And as someone who “never enjoyed having a good time” (Nicholls 9). John Cage was a great classical composer he was articulate and original in what he does. Cage would make...
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...JOHN CAGE LIFE OVERVIEW John Cage was the son of an inventor. As a child he took piano lessons and then studied composition with American composer Adolph Weiss. Cage studied for a short time at Pamona College, and later at UCLA with classical composer Arthur Schoenberg. He began writing in his own musical system, often using techniques similar to those of Schoenberg. In 1937 he moved to Seattle and took a job accompanying a dance company. During the late '30s, Cage also began experimenting with musique concrète, composing the landmark Imaginary Landscape No. 1, which employed variable-speed phonographs and frequency tone recordings alongside muted piano and a large Chinese cymbal (Steinem 1964). He also invented the "prepared piano," in which he placed a variety of household objects between the strings of a grand piano to create sounds suggesting a one-man percussion orchestra. It was at this time that Cage fell under the sway of Eastern philosophies, the influence of Zen Buddhism informing the random compositional techniques of his later work; obsessed with removing forethought and choice from the creative model, he set out to make music in line with the principles of the I Ching, predictable only by its very unpredictability. TYPE OF MUSIC COMPOSED Cage organized an orchestra in Seattle in 1938. In 1940 he moved to San Francisco, where he and Lou Harrison gave concerts of performance based music, and in 1941 he went to Chicago to give a course...
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...John Cage as a Pioneer of Avant Garde Theater This paper will consist of analyzing the life of John Cage before and after his involvement with Avant Garde Theater. Therefore, this research paper will focus on how John Cage played a pivotal role as one of the early pioneers of the American Avant Garde Theater. Cage the Artist before the Label John Cage was born in Los Angeles, on Sept 5, 1912; and he passed away in New York, on Aug 12, 1992. Cage was an American composer. In addition, he was one of the "leading figures of the postwar avant garde"(Pritchett, James, et al). The influence of Cage's compositions, writings, and his personality has been widely felt by litany of composers around the world. Pritchett, James, et al, argue that Cage...
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...I do not consider John Cage's 4’33” is music. I think music needs to take time to create and incorporate feelings. Music is not just walking on stage and sitting at piano.There no skill or effort involved in just sitting at a piano. In my opinion music involves putting sounds together in a inspiring way. In fact according to dictionary.com the definition of music is “an art of sound in the time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color.” According to Cynthia Collins in John Cage 4’33”: Music or Silence , “Cage created this work to to encourage people to listen to the sounds around them.” Clearly the intent of his performance was not to emphasize the silence but the sounds...
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...Looking for the music in John Cage’s “4.33” John Milton Cage born in 1915 is one of the best known experimental composers of our time. Cage began to create music that broke the boundaries of form and structure. He had a strong belief that every sound should be considered as a form of music. By combining his theories of invention with his compositional techniques he led music into the modern world. Many music critics have suggested that Cage was more of an inventor rather than a composer. Speaking on Cage, Arnold Schoenberg (1994) states “Of course he's not a composer, but he's an inventor -- of genius” (Perloff & Junkerman, P 157). Whether an inventor or composer, there is no denying that Cage’s composition “4.33” also known as “four and a half minutes of silence” has led to considerable controversy. It has also forced us to look closely at the definition of music. The 1952 piece, in which performer David Tudor sat at the piano for four minutes and thirty-three seconds marking off the time in three movements but did not play a single note, tested the idea that there is no such thing as silence. Cage (1988) claims that “Everything we do is music" and “try as we may to make a silence, we cannot.”(Kostelanetz, 1988, P69-70). I intend to examine “4.33” and determine whether it is possible for us to appreciate Cage’s ideology and hear the music in his favourite composition. Cage was heavily influenced by the eastern philosophy and it taught him to perceive music in a whole...
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...John Cage La vida y obra musical del artista John Cage fue mucho más allá de la experimentación y salir de lo convencional. Ante los cambios drásticos y el clima de postguerra que estaba presenciando la sociedad a los inicios del siglo XX, Cage pudo plasmar gran parte de la ideología y la perspectiva que se tenía dentro del ámbito musical de una manera innovadora y creativa que iba más allá de los límites establecidos. Su influencia se convirtió en una parte fundamental tanto en la composición como en la manera de relacionar a la música con la expresión personal y colectiva. A primera vista su trabajo aparenta una violación hacia la teoría y reglas musicales; sin embargo lo que busca es una nueva interpretación y desligar a la música de sus formas objetivas de ejecución. La invención del piano preparado le ayudó a redefinir muchos de los límites musicales que habían sido explotados en el cromatismo de los compositores de finales del siglo XIX. La atonalidad aprendida por Schoenberg adquiere un matiz distinto en la creación de nuevos instrumentos musicales y en la afirmación de Cage de que cualquier objeto encontrado en la naturaleza es capaz de producir sonidos dignos de ser escuchados y apreciados. Su influencia trasciende en áreas que él no habría podido imaginar. Sus postulados se vuelven presentes en actos de rock experimental, en el que el ruido se usa como un recurso constante. La música electrónica también se ve influenciada por su obra, utilizando muchas técnicas que...
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...Experimental music in the English –language literature refers to a compositional tradition which started in the mid 20th century, particularly used in North America to music composed in such a way that the outcome is unforeseeable. Famously known for the exposure of this genre was John Cage (1912-1992), an American composer, philosopher, poet and music theorist. According to Cage’s definition “an experimental action is one the outcome of which is not foreseen”. He had a great interest in completing works that performed an unpredictable action. “Experimental music” has also been used in music journalism as a general term of condemned or disapproved music departing from traditional norms. From the “experimental music” there came the following concepts of Aleatoric Music, Indeterminate Music, Graphic notation and Microtones. Aleatoric Music, a form for which Cage was known to be the pioneer of is referred to as a strictly limited form of indeterminacy, also called “controlled chance”. Indeterminate music, “chance music”, is one in which composers introduce the elements of chance or unpredictability with regard to either the composition or its performance. Graphic notation is music written in the form of diagrams or drawings rather than using “conventional” notation (staves, clefs, notes, etc). Microtone refers to a pitch interval that is smaller than a semitone, it includes quarter tones and intervals even smaller. At the end of the 1960’s rock groups like the Beatles and the...
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...three artists walking with aluminum bins under their feet. They give rise to a really intense rhythms stomping and drumming on them in a thoroughly coordinated order. It has both a strong visual-impact and a great sound effect. I found it well-related with the performance which I have been working on. We decided to not have music as a background because we wanted to create our own melody through our movements. Each props in our performance has been created in order make noise. Walking on thick pieces of wood, hitting each other’s shields and pretending to chop down trees we generated a succession of noises which made our representation stronger and more dramatic. This concept has been develop since the times of Dadaism, when the composer John Cage...
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...Joshua Kelly 205496 Joshua Michael Kelly – 205496 AUD207 Music Production Analysis “Genre History – Experimental/Electronic” Word Count: 1,650 Submission Date: 30 August 2012 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of ‘Bachelor of Creative Technology’ JMC Academy, 2012. 1|Page Joshua Kelly 205496 Once stated by a pioneer of the genre itself, “an experimental action is one the outcome of which is not foreseen” (Experimental Music, 2010). Arising in the mid-20th century, Experimental/Electronic Music refers to an electronically produced sound recorded on tape and arranged by the composer to form a musical composition. ‘The journey of this genre has been a long, boundary pushing and often negatively characterized one. Crossing multiple continents and facing cultural alienation, it has formed into a well-established but still sometimes undefined genre at the crux of technological advances’ (Kembrew McLeod, 2001). It is well placed in this day and time, and like all music nowadays, the inclusion of the internet has seen the genre become more and more popular across the globe. The term “Experimental/Electronic Music” is an umbrella term used in this report to label an idiosyncrasies list of subgenres made with the use of any combination of computers and electronic or acoustic instruments. ‘In no way is the use of this term an attempt to ignore the concrete differences between the way these subgenres are consumed and produced. Although...
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...Comparing and Contrasting the Lives and Works of Jackson Pollock and John Cage Jackson Pollock was a painter. John Cage was a composer turned water color painter. Jackson Pollock wanted to include himself in his work and show his inner self. John Cage wanted to remove himself from his work and let nature control the outcome. However, One similarity that is not very obvious is what they were both working against. Neither one of them liked the path that the forefathers of their janera had pathed. They wanted to make their own style and forge their own path. At first appearance John Cage and Jackson Pollock are very different, but if you look more closely at their lives and how their work evolved you can see some similarities too. Jackson Pollock’s work was abstract expressionism that was supposed to represent the subconscious mind and evoke emotion. Jackson Pollock and his movement with the New York painters was about self first and self discovery. His paintings were representations of himself and the things that were going on in his life. In the beginning of his career he painted the west, which reminded him of his home growing up. As his career continued he shifted his work as he was inspired by Jungian Psychoanalysis, and later he began his work with splatter paint (which is...
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...Susan Glaspell’s play “Trifles” introduced a murder case in a small village. There are two groups of main characters. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale represent ethical women, with copassion for the unfortunate. County Attorney and Sheriff represent the judicial officers who seek for judicial fairness. The two groups’ conflict, therefore, represents the conflict of judicial fairness and ethical concerns in the real world. County attorney and Sheriff are characterized as official officers from the government. Their job is to catch the criminal and seek the evidence to prove that the criminal is guilty. However, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale are more focused on the feelings and motives of the law-breaker (Minnie). In the novel, Mr. Henderson and Mr. Peters threw all of their attention into searching for, and analyzing, the evidence. They did not worry about, for example, the messy state of the kitchen, “County Attorney: (Looking around) I guess we’ll go upstairs first --- and then out to the barn and around there. [To the Sheriff] You’re….nothing that would point to any motive” (Trifles, p.1043). His obvious concern is solely as to whether there is any evidence that could be collected. He didn’t think about how a good house-wife could allow the kitchen to reach a state of mess like this. When Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale are talking about frozen fruit, County Attorney said: “Well, can you beat the woman! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves.” (Trifles, P.1043). County...
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...The earthen walls shake. My feathers rattle against the cage as another blast startles me. The inevitable screams follow; the wretched sound of men killing men. All that keeps this pigeon sane in this fetid cesspit of death is the inextinguishable thought of home. Home. A dovecot high above the city, surrounded by the bountiful streets of urban London. A loft, filled with the warm, earthy aroma of oats and the soft, inviting coos of my brethren. A place of safety, comfort and companionship, broken only by the occasional excursion with one of the humans that frequented the loft. We had a unique connection with home. No matter where we were in the world, no matter how far or how foreign the lands were, we could always find our way back. Its call, a physical manifestation of our attachment to the place, was a quality the humans found useful. Every once in a while we were coerced into temporary captivity, taken on a weeklong journey, only to be sent home upon arrival with a missive attached to one leg. But this journey has lasted much longer than a week. I was taken first across the Channel, then to hell. For the past two months I have looked on as humans spit fire and death at one another, listened as the incessant explosions tore limbs from bodies and stained the air with shrieks of pain, and now, finally, watched as the humans who accompany me are gradually whittled down, besieged as I am, by bars and bullets of cold iron and hard steel. But most of all I have endured the unbearable...
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...How to improve maize milling machine efficiency? This is a general question. Maize milling machine efficiency can be affected by maize milling machine operation, its technology level, the raw grain and so on. With social development, people lay more and more emphasis on food nutrition. Maize nutrition also causes our attention. Meanwhile, maize milling machine usage is more and more widely and the market has increasing demands for maize milling machine. We should abide by the operation rules to ensure the normal running. 1. When the maize flour yield is abnormal, we can draw out the screw shaft, check the cage bar and screw shaft abrasion. Change the wearing parts in time. Each lubrication part should prevent dust and other impurities. Each year, we should check the engine oil quality of the reduction gearbox once. If there has any degenerative oil, we should change all of the engine oil. 2. No quality, no production value. No quality, no market. No quality, no profits. No quality, no life. Therefore, we should try our best to improve quality, yield, safety, and reduce energy consumption. 3. To make MAIZE MILLING MACHINE usage more effective, we should operate maize milling machine according to the equipment operating instruction. Keep regular maintenance on the equipment. Avoid any error in production caused by incorrect operation. It’s better to have the professional maize milling machine engineers on scene to guide for you how to detect and maintain if you...
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...mystery. But, because of the shocking evidence found by the women, they become sympathetic towards Mrs. Wright and decide to conceal their findings from the authorities. The women feel that the mental and emotional abuse Mrs. Wright received from her husband was justification for the crime in which she committed. Although murder is usually looked upon as an indefensible crime of selfishness, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters actions were morally validated because of Mr. Wright’s own selfish and tyrannical actions; which left Mrs. Wright with no other alternative but to murder him in order to reclaim her liberty. From the beginning of the play, when Mr. Hale explains to the other men that he was visiting the Wright’s home in hopes of convincing John Wright to pitch in on a party line, stating that, he did not know if Mrs. Wright’s wants meant any difference to Jon, the audience gains an idea of the magnitude in which Mr. Wright isolated his wife. While Mr. Hale is recounting the details of the incident, the men decide to continue their investigation upstairs convinced that there are only domestic items downstairs of no importance. Before leaving for upstairs, the Sheriff...
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...gross domestic product), welthness of the people and tendency of people for consuming. However this tendency pass over “the costs and risks of doing business in the market.” In the article, these costs are grouping as four main title: cultural distance, administrative distance, geographic distance and economic distance. Ghemawat created a schema which is called The CAGE Distance Framework. Cultural distance consists of different languages,race,religions and social norms. Administrative distance comprises of lack of colonial ties, shared monetary or political association, political contrast, government policies and organizational powerlessness. Physical position, absence of common frontier and sea access, greatness of country, weaknesses of communication and transportation networks and different climates are parts of the geographic distance. Economic distance includes income, cost and quality differences. Arranging a company’s CPA for a company compounding distance induces a absolutely different conclusion of a the growth potential of the country. Ghemawat created a unique system and descriptor the CAGE Distance Framework for valuation the international expansion chances for...
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