...John F. Kennedy played a significant role in more crises than one, specifically during the Cold War. A large portion of the Cold War crises consisted between the United States and the Soviet Union, which led to a worldwide fear of a nuclear war. John F. Kennedy entered his presidency during the midst of these crises, and decided that he needed to take the responsibility upon himself to handle the situations, resolve them, and preferably, avoid another high cost war, as the United States had just ended the second World War after Japan’s surrender. Throughout this essay, John F. Kennedy’s role during the Berlin Crisis is detailed. But, before the role of the President can be discussed, the reader must first understand the Berlin Crisis, and the...
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...New Frontier: At his inauguration Kennedy challenged all Americans to reach the “New Frontier.” The name that John F. Kennedy gave to his program for America’s future. Peace Corps: A program established by JFK, one of the most successfully. Thousands of ideologist Americans heated his call and helped JFK. Many became teachers, health care workers, and technicians in less developed countries. Bay of Pigs Invasion: Shortly After JFK was president, he approved the invasion of Cuba by Cuban nationals who wanted to overthrow, Soviet backed, Communist dictator. JFK supported the overthrow as a means of containing the expansion of communism, but when JFK refused to give U.S. air support, the Invasion at the Bay of Pigs was doomed and tuned into political fiasco. JFK aimed to rally the Cubans and hoped they would want Independence and fight. However, the result was rather disappointing, when JFK refused to give air support, it made them angry....
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...John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963. After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated vice president and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4] Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later...
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...Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Adrienne DeBrew-Williams POL300011VA016-1134-001 Dr. Cronin June 4, 2013 My initial paper was on President John F. Kennedy’s ‘Flexible Response’ doctrine. This doctrine was initiated as a means to having alternative methods of dealing with a crisis that could lead to war. The premise then was to prevent war in any form from occurring. But Flexible Response also meant that if provoked or attacked that the United States would indeed defend itself. When Flexible Response was indoctrinated, the U.S. had already had a shaky relationship with Cuba, with which whom the doctrine was set against. The President had allowed a group of armed militias to enter Cuba to overthrow the government, they were unsuccessful. Cuba Cuba is the largest of the islands located in the West Indies. It is 42,803 square miles and just ninety miles from the coastline of the Florida Keys. A person leaving the tip of Florida could travel there in roughly one hour. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis the United States had a vested interest in the country, its economics and its politics. Cuba had traded sugar, tobacco and even tourism with the U.S. and many American people had land, homes and businesses there. In fact the relationship likened to that of a parent/child, the U.S. was considering annexing Cuba, with the country being only 90 miles off the coast of Florida, why not? We were assisting them financially, militarily and to some degree politically. I lieu of all...
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...Modern America (1890’s) >Civil war (1861-1865) Fredrick Jackson Turner >Speech at the Chicago world’s tour fair (1893) “And new, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” Modern Corporation (Began in 1850’s) Charter from a state Capital- Sale of stocks Limited personal liability Civil war Swift Meats Borden Dairy and groceries Carnegie – R.R’s and Steel Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1886 “if I asked what important law I should change, I would say none the laws are perfect” 1860 | 1900 Number of Americans 31 mill | 70 Mill Manufactured Goods 2 bill | 11 bill Miles of Rail Roads 30,000 | 200,00 Iron and Steel Production 0 | World’s largest Number of Industrial workers2.7Mill (40% of entire U.S. Population )|13 mill (65% of U.S. Population) America As A world Power ( the 1890’s) >European “imperialism” v American Imperialism (trade economic advantage) >from 1870-1900 America’s New Empire {18 Million square miles (1/5 of the earth’s land)~ 150 million people} >The 1875 Economic Depression Overseas markets for American goods (unemployment) >Need to sell a broad 70 % U.S. cotton / 40% U.S. wheat /50% U.S. copper /15% U.S. iron steel / 16% U.S. agricultural equipment to find overseas buyers – U.S. State...
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...10/13/06 American History Essence Harden 5/2/00 African-American Civil Rights “Struggle is a never ending process. Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.” –Coretta Scott King, page666 The 1960’s were a time of great turmoil in America and throughout the world. One of the main topics that arouse was black civil rights. In my essay I plan to compare the difference of opinion between these particular writers and directors, towards racism and the civil rights movement in the 1960’s The movement truly got underway with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X in the early 1960’s. Students who wanted to bolt on the equality and protest bandwagon quickly followed. Most of the students went to the Southern states (Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, etc.), to stop the racism and hate crimes. The truth of the matter is that the violence and abhorrence would get worse before it got better. The Klan became stronger and more violent, committing many more lynching and gruesome murders. Bit by bit most of the Caucasian Americans came around to the idea of integration, and did not believe that the African Americans as a ‘threat’ anymore. The only reason that this great monumental change occurred was because of the great leadership of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King jr., and not to mention the thousands of other less famous civil rights leaders, that worked to change the views of their community. There also where lobbyist and protesters...
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...| The Assassination of President Kennedy | | | | | | | | | In 1963 a lot of events happened, like the earthquake that destroyed a village in Libya, Iron man deputes in the Marvel Comic Books, and the assassination of President John F Kennedy. The Assassination of President Kennedy happened on Friday, November 22 at 12:30 p.m. during a motorcade. The Motorcade was carrying the president to a Luncheon speech at the Trade Mart that was when the shot was fired. One shot was fired and that bullet did a lot of damage, it hit the president and the Governor of Texas. The bullet entered into President Kennedy’s head, and the same bullet hit the governors lower back, damaged the vertebrae, and the right lung. After the shooting they fled the president and the governor to the Parkland Memorial Hospital, which the staff pronounced Kennedy dead and the governor was in critical care...
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... John F. Kennedy (USA President: 1961-1963) November 22, 1963 |October 28, 1962 |October 22, 1962 |October 16, 1962 |May 25, 1961 |January 20, 1961 |November 8, 1960 |May 29, 1917 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |JFK is assassinated while riding through the streets of Dallas, Texas. Lyndon Johnson becomes president |Soviet Union agrees to remove its missiles from Cuba |JFK announces naval quarantine of Cuba |The U.S. obtains photos of Soviet missile emplacements in Cuba, bringing about the Cuban Missile Crisis |President John F. Kennedy's "Man on the Moon" Address |John F. Kennedy is sworn in as President of the United States and makes his inaugural address |JFK defeats Nixon and becomes president |Birth of John F. Kennedy in Brookline, Massachusetts | | Meital David – ID#: 039024898 Alon E. Nachmany – ID#: 302259593 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917, into a rich, politically connected Boston family of Irish-Catholics. Even though his childhood was abundant with frequent and serious illnesses; John still strove to create his own path in life, writing a best-selling book, while still attending Harvard University, and volunteering for combat in World War II. After the war, John pursued journalism, but soon after entered politics, serving the US House of Representatives (1947 – 1953) and the Senate (1953 – 1961). The most significant events in Kennedy's life were soon to follow. After making his mark in the political field, Kennedy announced...
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...rights activist took to the streets to protest but that turned into one of the most horrific scenes in our nation history. They were viciously attacked by dogs and sustain by fire hoses. A few weeks after this there was a small incident at University of Alabama were two black students were not accepted in by Gov. Wallace but he was overruled by President John F. Kennedy. He also gave a speech that same night saying he was going to present a civil rights bill to the Congress. Just as things were looking for Civil Rights Movement one of their infamous and one of their major leaders, Medgar Evers, was murdered outside his Mississippi home by the KKK that same night. But on August 28, 1963 the whole world would change as we know it because on this day Martin Luther King Dr. delivered the famous “I Have A Dream” speech at the March on Washington. This is probably one of most influential speeches ever given in American History. Just as things were looking like they were about to change for good, church bombs begin to happen Alabama. Dozens were injured and four little girls were killed and if this wasn’t sad enough President John F. Kennedy was assassinated later that year. This unfair and cruel society were one race succeed the other was perfectly depicted in King’s “I Have A Dream Speech”. In the beginning he tells the audience how black people are still in the same...
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...Gail Horton AAS 131 Dr. E. Davis October 4, 2011 Student Sit-ins in Nashville, 1960 James Lawson, A theology student who decided that is was time to start a movement to stop segregation in Nashville. He and other student form a nonviolence workshop that consists of student’s witting in restaurants waiting to be service as customer. Nashville had some integrated areas school, council, board of education, police force and city buses, but hotel, libraries, theater and restaurants remained segregated. The nonviolence workshop was formed so everyone in Nashville could have a chance to enact with one another and to create a more just society. Black student was tired of segregated not been able to eat lunch and to do their homework. In November of 1959 the student planned a series of workshop to stop segregation four student went into Woolworth and sat at the lunch counter were black never sat before people look at them in disbelief and many of them were black worker. The media became of aware of what was happening day after day there were more and more students sitting in restaurants and at the lunch counter waiting to be serviced. Before long the student sit-in became cities wide at least 15-16 cities began to have though-out the South and most parts of the county. The student had some difficulty some of the student was beaten even jailed, but though it all Lawson and the students were determined to stop segregation. The purpose of the nonviolence workshop was to...
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...BERLIM - A informalidade domina as ruas de Berlim. Como quase tudo o que é moderno e descolado na capital alemã, os melhores brechós e lojas de designers locais estão no antigo lado oriental. O caótico brechó Colours (Bergmannstrasse, 102), no bairro de Kreuzberg, e o mais arrumado Made in Berlin (Neue Schönhauser, 1), em Mitte, são sinônimos de bons achados. No bairro, a Alte Schönhauser é uma rua lotada de lojas interessantes. AComme Berlin é especializada em vestidos; a Claudia Skoda, com ótimas opções de roupas masculinas e femininas; a L’Ephemere, com batas e peças femininas. No bairro-tendência de Prenzlauer Berg, a incrível We Are All Beautiful People (Eberswalder Strasse, 26) tem camisetas com frases bacanas e saias idem. Na East Berlin, encontre jaquetas e bolsas. Percorra a Kastanienallee para encontrar brechós e araras nas calçadas. Endereços - "Paris Second Hand", Friedrichshain, Berlin Rigaer Str. 41, 10247 Berlin +49 30 49854485 U-bahn: Samariterstrasse - Lunettes Brillenagentur, Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin (ÓCULOS) Marienburgerstraße 11, 10405 Berlin +49 30 34082789 U-bahn: - Elementarteilchen-Second Hand für Frauen, Wedding, Berlin Amsterdamer Str. 4, 13347 Berlin +49 173 4494718 U-bahn: Seestrasse Roupa para mulher e criança. JAMES HAND, Mitte, Berlin Max-Beer-Str. 29, 10119 Berlin +49 30 75452291 U-bahn: Rosa-Luxemburg Platz - Made in Berlin, Mitte, Berlin Neue Schönhauser 19, 10118 Berlin +49 30...
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...Significant Events Lauren Smith 4 March 2012 Significant Events The social, economic and political events in the United States throughout the years have shaped the way we live today. After World War II and up until the 1990’s, the United States has gone through major tragedies, schools and jobs have integrated, and President’s have been assassinated. 1950’s Central High School in Little Rock, AK, forced to integrate became known as the little rock 9. September 20, 1957, Judge Ronald N. Davies granted the NAACP lawyers, Thurgood Marshall and Wiley Branton the right to stop governor Faubus from using the National Guard to stop the nine black students from entering the high school. After finally agreeing to not use the National Guard, he wished the students would stay away until integration could occur without violence. He knew there would be violence African Americans in their school. September 23, 1957 the nine black students were off to school. Being smart, they went in through the rear so they could avoid as many conflicts as possible. White mobs joined together to protest the new students while reporters met to support the black students. All of the white mobs went crazy when they finally heard that the new students were in their high school. The nine black students actually exited out the rear of the building the minute the mobs came so they would not get hurt. The following day President Eisenhower actually sent the 101st Airborne Division so the...
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...John F. Kennedy and the Flexible Response Stephen D. Burston Prof. Nicholas Bergan POL 300 International Problems 6 November 2011 John F. Kennedy and the Flexible Response During John F. Kennedy’s presidency the United States was seriously concern with stopping the spread of communism throughout the world and there where hot spots that sparked the Kennedy administrations attention. Containment was the United States foreign policy doctrine that proclaimed that the Soviet Union needed to be contained to prevent the spread of communism throughout the world. This containment policy meant that the United States needed to fight communism abroad and promote democracy worldwide. During President Kennedy’s time in office he was faced with the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, the Berlin Wall Erecting in 1961, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the escalation the United States involvement in Vietnam. John F. Kennedy implemented his own version of the Containment policy with the Flexible Response policy. Kennedy’s Flexible response was the doctrine implement and used during political situations that occurred under his watch. The Bay of Pigs was the first situation John F. Kennedy had to deal with as president. The Bay of Pigs was an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidal Castro. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) trained a force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba all with the support and encouragement of the United States government. The...
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...go over such things as the law of the lid, navigation, influence, process, addition, and solid ground. Under these laws, they have different steps in which the leading is different. Over the course of the years, we have had a lot of Presidents and a lot of different leading styles among them, some of them being good and some of them being nowhere near good. But we had to live with them and they have to live with themselves. In the movie Fog of War, Robert McNamara tries to go over the eleven lessons that he learned from being under the President of John F. Kennedy. McNamara lends us his knowledge of what went wrong during those years. During President John F. Kennedy's term, while McNamara was Secretary of Defense, America's troops in Vietnam increased from 900 to 16,000 advisers, who were not supposed to engage in combat but rather to train the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. The number of combat advisers in Vietnam when Kennedy died vary depending upon source. The first military adviser deaths in Vietnam occurred in 1957 or 59 under the Eisenhower Administration, which had infiltrated Vietnam, through the efforts of Stanley Sheinbaum, with an unknown number of CIA operatives and other...
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...Civil Rights had a huge effect on how people in society look at life now and how we as African Americans are being treated. Civil rights were a way to desegregate everyone from race to sex. Equality was a characteristic that pleaded its case for years and years. People can now realize that we once didn’t have the same privileges we have today. For example, Blacks couldn’t use the same facilities as white people or even attend to the same school as team. Not only were the blacks striving for freedom but they also strived for justice. Everyone didn’t have the honor to be an influence and make history but many other people did. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the historical individuals that left memories on this earth. After reviewing his and Former president Lyndon Johnson’s speeches, I have made many inferences that can not only do good to society today but as well as society from back in the day. In Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech was delivered in 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial, on August 28th in Washington D.C. As if Martin was writing a paper, he started his announcement with an attention grabber saying, “I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.” He expressed the feelings he had towards the African American race not being treated fairly. As a Civil rights activist he put in effort to not only gain equality but to change minds. He encouraged whites to consider giving...
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