...In journalism speech, whether written or vocal is all we have to go on. The stories that we can find, the news that we can cover, whether it is headline news or experiences or even new and upcoming products that we may find enjoyable. Creating articles and getting published in magazines or newspapers are the reason journalists become journalists. The right to freedom of press and speech allows journalists to write and communicate stories to others without fear of prosecution regardless of the contents of the stories. “The right, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, to gather, publish, and distribute information and ideas without government restriction; this right encompasses freedom from PRIOR RESTRAINTS on publication and freedom from Censorship.” (dictionary, 2013) The first amendment states that congress shall pass no laws undermining the freedom of speech within the constitution. This means that congress is unable to censor the stories that are written by journalists. I distinguish fact from opinion by researching and asking questions. Often times individuals will tell you my opinion is or in my opinion. However there are cases that arise where the individual does not say whether it is opinion or fact and this is typically when I begin researching other sources for the same information. There are however information that can be stated that will get us into trouble such as libel which is when an individual publishes information about another individual...
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...CODE OF ETHICS FOR NIGERIAN JOURNALISTS PREAMBLE Journalism entails a high degree of public trust. To earn and maintain this trust, it is morally imperative for every journalist and every news medium to observe the highest professional and ethical standards. In the exercise of these duties, a journalist should always have a healthy regard for the public interest. Truth is the cornerstone of journalism and every journalist should strive diligently to ascertain the truth of every event. Conscious of the responsibilities and duties of journalists as purveyors of information, we, Nigerian journalist, give to ourselves this Code of Ethics. It is the duty of every journalist to observe its provisions. l. EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE Decisions concerning the content of news should be the responsibility of a professional journalist. 2. ACCURACY AND FAIRNESS i. The public has a right to know. Factual, accurate balance and fair reporting is the ultimate objective of good journalism and the basis of earning public trust and confidence. ii. A journalist should refrain from publishing inaccurate and misleading information. Where such information has been inadvertently published, prompt correction should be made. A journalist must hold the right of reply as a cardinal rule of practice. iii. In the course of his duties a journalist should strive to separate facts from conjecture and comment. 3. PRIVACY ...
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...JOURNALISM JNL210 The way in which ideology is analysed can be followed back to the days of early Marxists. In translation ideology is said to be as old as history itself. The Marxists back in the days were in favour of the whole idea of having a revolution socially, which depended on the working class. They wanted the idea of having a social revolution not to be dependent on the rulers. In this day and age, ideology can now be seen as the structure of ones belief from a certain perspective. The main medium we use to communicate and our language determines how such a presentation takes place. As we go on in this essay, we will see that there are quite a number of linguistic features which enable the writer of story or text convince those reading about their point of view. With the help of ideology, we are able to produce values and meaning for a specified readership, and this is done mainly from repetition and the way points of view and interpretation are presented. Facts that are generally seen as complex are presented in a way that helps the viewpoint of the readership to be structured and also allows them to create versions of the world in a microspecific manner. The information given explicitly does not only influence the media contents of the audience but it also influences the absences. The term hegemony is used by Gramsci and he says that “…..the ruling He talks about how those that roledont only make ideology on others forceful but how they provide different...
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...Journalism is understood in broader terms, to refer to the art of communicating, transmitting facts, events, information, opinions and so on to the general public, using any of the wide variety of means for communication that exist in our society today. The role of the journalist is, therefore, to inform, to report about what is going on in the local and international environment to the people who make up our society. Ultimately, those who are at the receiving end of the journalist’s work trust and hope that the truth is being made known to them. Ethics in Journalism contain principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists. in historically and currently, this split of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional "code of ethics" The basic codes commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print, broadcast, and online news organizations. Members of the Society of Professional Journalists think that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. The duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious journalists from all media and specialties try hard to serve the public with thoroughness and straightforwardly. Professional integrity is the basis of a journalist’s credibility. Members of the Society share a commitment to...
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...Effectiveness of Digital Journalism to Mass Communication Students from Five Selected Universities In Metro Manila A Research Proposal Presented to the School of Education-Liberal Arts-Music-Social Work Centro Escolar University In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirement for the subject Undergraduate Research I By Joshua Austria Jaren Resontoc Ma. Anne Margarett Tumale Effectiveness of Digital Journalism to Mass Communication Students from Five Selected Universities in Metro Manila CHAPTER 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction Digital journalism is the recently established form of media. It is the contemporary form of journalism in which the news content is distributed using the internet. The content is presented in the form of text, videos and audio. The news content is available throughout the internet in the official websites of news and public affairs companies. It can be viewed by using any digital platforms such as laptops and smart phones. The world of media today is dominated by both television and internet or digital media. People nowadays are into convenience, especially now that technology is abruptly rising. People want a faster way to acquire information, that is why digital media or digital journalism is rising among the other forms. Digital technology is revolutionizing the field of news industry by creating a contemporary form of news distribution. It makes the distribution of news faster and easier than television, radio and...
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...JOURNALISM ASSIGNMENT MICHAELA THOOLSI STUDENT NUMBER: 13020684 BAG 1 10 MARCH 2015 MYRON NAICKER CONTENTS: Essay Question Page 1 – 4 Reference List Page 5 QUESTION ONE: In today’s fast growing economy, technology has prominently advanced thereby compelling media to develop a sense of convergence when it comes to broadcasting news to the nation. In this essay I will firstly be discussing what is journalism, followed by the description of news is. Secondly I will show how news reporting has advanced from its traditional ways to a new and modernised method that allows people to be more involved with the news, and thirdly I will show how the internet and other phenomena such as social media has influenced news production and content through the use of examples. Journalism refers to the works of writing that informs...
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...Journalism is worldview actualization of social groups by means of selecting facts, assessments and comments which are topical, urgent and important. Journalism is also a practice of gathering and interpretation of the information on events, subjects and modern life tendencies, its presentation in different genres and forms, as well as its following distribution to mass audience. Institutionally, journalism is a part of polysystems of mass media, i.e. it is included in such multi-functional society institutes such as press, TV broadcast, radio, Internet, etc. One cannot agree that journalism today is a strong force and its significance in our life is constantly growing. It performs many different functions such as informational, ideological, and entertaining and many other functions. I suppose that supplying information is the main aim of journalism. Actually, our life has become easier due to journalism and now we do not need to cover long distances to find out the latest news. Now let`s consider the main problems of journalism today. The first issue is globalization. Today appear global mass media which are horizontally and vertically concentrated. It leads to creation of mass information product and English language expansion. Consumption is becoming mass and standardized (mass culture), the consumer becomes passive. The second problem is non-concurrence of world concepts by journalists and audience. It often happens that the journalist does not know...
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...Introduction to Campus Journalism What is Journalism? According to Wikipedia, Journalism is: - a method of inquiry and literary style used in social and cultural representation. - it is a public service machinery in the dissemination and analysis of news and information. Whereas, according to The Free Dictionary, it is: - the collecting, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles in newspapers and magazines and in radio and television broadcasts. What/Who is a Journalist? - a person who practices or prepares journalism. - a professional who collects, organizes, writes, edits, presents, and distributes news or information via the newspaper, magazine, TV, radio. What is Campus Journalism? - journalism carried out by students on subjects related to campus life or issues published in publications only intended for campus distribution and readership. History of Campus Journalism Early School Journalism * Before 1900-the principle was that “where there is a student body there is a need for a news organ” * School publication was just a dotted account with little significance other than the birth of the school publication. * 1920-literary essay had given way to the feature story. * 1920-poetry abdicated its position to the columns, news story suggested interpretation, and editorial entered the paper. * Half of the school papers that are published today began between 1920 to 1940. Four Distinct Types of Publication emerged: ...
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...Record of Submission & Plagiarism DeclarationThis assignment is my own work and the sources of information and material I have used (including internet resources) have been identified and acknowledged as required in the referencing guidelines provided. My work may be referred to the JISC / Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Service for checking. The Faculty reserves the right to request an electronic copy of any work where unfair practice is suspected. This assignment, or any part of this assignment, has not been submitted for any other module at the University of Glamorgan unless specifically allowed by the module leader. | First Name…Charlotte…………………………… | | Surname……Brownhill…………………………… | | Date of Birth………22/09/1993………………………. | | I have read, understood and accept the University policies on plagiarism and I hereby certify that this submission is my own work and is consistent with the policies of the University.Signed: …………C.L.Brownhill………………………….. | ------------------------------------------------- Completing the form below confirms that you have read and agreed with the above statement Assignment Cover Sheet All pages of this form must be submitted together with the completed assignment by no later than 4:00 pm on the specified submission date. SECTION A | RECORD OF SUBMISSION | To be Completed by Student Only | | | 1 | Student ID: | 13022296 | | | | | If this is a group assignment, please provide the student numbers of all group...
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...Journalism Today Journalism is a complex profession that has been evolving trough decades, changing its role and emphasis. If in the beginning of the XX century print media were the only source for current events, news and information. The press entities were in a constant struggle one with the other in order to gain readers and increase sales. If we look at the history of journalism we can see that in the middle of the past century the radio has become an important source of information. Some giants of the industry, like CBS, invented a standard news format that later one has been accommodated for TV broadcasting. Radio was a particular kind of revolution for the journalism due to the easiness of updating and providing the information. And in the times of World War II it was one of the more popular sources, because it permitted a long-distance broadcasting. Though, the era of radio was relatively short because of the television that first appeared in the 1930 and was rapidly gaining accessibility and popularity. Apart from the same possibility of quick story updates in comparison with a slow newspapers turnover, the television offered one important feature that has never existed before – visibility. This source of information altered the whole concept of journalism and remains significant until today. However, our dynamic and quickly altering reality created new opportunities and obliged journalism to adapt. In the last two-three decades this field has experienced...
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...advertising. Without advertising the media would not exist without a governmental tie. Sentry Function ◦ The media must report not only what is happening today but also what is likely to happen tomorrow. Functions of a Journalist Record-Keeping Function Entertainment Function ◦ The mass media should reflect as accurate record of local, national, and world news. Without accurate records, splashy news programs and big headlines depends on the base of record keeping ◦ Comics, entertaining feature stories and feature photos add diversion to hard news. Few media outlets should be without an entertaining or light element Social Function ◦ Passing along news has created a social situation in which people discuss their world. Journalism creates social interaction Functions of a Journalist Marketplace Function ◦ The media provides a forum in which all sorts of ideas are presented; it becomes the marketplace of ideas. If citizens want action in their community they turn to the media as a forum to generate support Agenda-Setting Function ◦ Although journalists don’t tell us what to think, they do tell us what to think about. This concept suggests that far from dictating our thoughts the media have the power to determine what we talk about as individuals and address as a nation Today’s Assignment On a word document, find out the names of the lead anchors on NBC, ABC and CBS Create another 3 column chart listing where they studied (university), their first jobs...
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...Smith !1 Tristan Smith Mrs. McClain Introduction to Journalism 11 September 2014 Journalism History: Importance and Necessary Aspects ! Growing up, many children had parents that read the newspaper. Even in countless television shows or movies, every morning at the breakfast table the father sat, drinking his coffee and reading his newspaper. It’s not an uncommon sight--in fact, according to stateofthemedia.org, over 56 million papers are sold daily (“Audience”)—though few people are familiar with how newspapers began, the important events that occurred, or the inventions that were created that make them what they are today. Though there are many important factors to consider, the three most important aspects of the history of journalism include the Zenger Trial, the invention of the telegraph, and the introduction of photojournalism. Primarily, the first essential component in the growth of journalism would be the Zenger Trial. The trial was of John Peter Zenger, who was accused of libel in an article he had published. At his time, however, published information was considered libel if it went against the government. Zenger was proven not guilty, and after the trial, newspaper publishers “felt freer to print their honest views” (“The Trial of John Peter Zenger”). This trial is important because it proved that citizens had a right to criticize the government, which is something newspapers still continue to do today. Without this, the public would not be...
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...The Right to Privacy and Peeping Tom Journalism Nowadays the media play a great role in a usual life of society. It influences our opinion, help us to make the correct choice sometimes and also open the view on almost any fact or personality we are interested in. The role of media plays too great part in the political process also, especially when it is time to elect a new president or a prime minister. It opens curtains on every private peculiarity about the candidate: with whom he meets and what he eats. Sometimes the information is becoming ridiculous. Do we need such a close look to someone’s private life? Most of the information is just riveting but not useful. But peeping Tom journalism becomes more and more demanded. Famous people deserve privacy and respect. First of all, we should admire what they do, not who they are. Of course we are interested to know what they do, whom they meet and what they eat around the clock but we should not invade their family or private life through the media. Secondly, the children and family of famous people should not be affected. Some stars have to hire security for their children or spouses because of media attention. Scrutiny may be the price celebs pay for fame. There are several cases in the history when people lost the privacy and got anguish being hounded by media. For example, Richard Jewell a security guard in Olympic Park in the US was at first hailed as a hero for discovering the bomb and helping to clear people from...
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...between thought and reality’ (Heidegger, 1943:1) Objectivity is not the same as impartiality or fairness or balance although all these words are often used as if they were interchangeable. Impartiality means acting fairly because you are not personally involved or have put to one side your personal views or feelings. The elimination of bias. Fairness means acting in a reasonable, just or right way. Balance means arranging things in equal or correct proportions to one another. But objectivity is different. Objectivity means based on facts or evidence, not feelings or opinion. Objectivity requires evidence and verification. It's more than just attempting to be neutral. (Richard Sambrook, 2004) Key Words: Objectivity, Journalism, Facts, Truths, Journalistic Values Putting facts and truths together One of the most troublesome aspects of the debates around objectivity and facts in the way that the concept of object is given a dual role: that of a view of the world, but also a way of representing and communicating truths. This gesture treats the word “objectivity” as short-hand for “objective reality” as well as a mode or method of perception of this reality. This fusion of reality and perception narrows the space between facts and truths. It closes down a very important philosophical area that has been explored by many movement and...
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...When we talk about ethical journalism we talk about why substantial information should be made accessible to the public. As journalists we can be caught in a dilemma, what to publish? and what not to publish? In order for us to solve this frustrating but educated instinct of conscientious altitude to name and shame justice in the angle of public interest, we are given the potter box model. Given the precise case study, "the decision to pursue and publish the Megan's law story,'' there are empirical information, principles,values and loyalties all distinguished in this model. First and foremost, there in the questioning of the facts like in the study of sociology where data must be scientifically examine before a theory is constructed. Similarly to journalism where the facts must be associated with matters of the truth much in relevance with the justice system. The publishing of Megan's Law database could have been an offence of character defamation on the part of the sex offenders had it not been supported by solid ground facts. This could have led to a law suite considering if the information was not empirical....
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