...How far do you agree with the view ‘that women do not possess innate maternal desires’? Compare and contrast the presentation of motherhood in Top Girls with Atwood’s presentation of motherhood in The Handmaid’s Tale It could be argued that women possess innate maternal desires, however some would argue that women are socialised by their environment to be maternal. Churchill’s feminist play ‘Top Girls’ explores the idea of natural maternal instincts through characters such as Joyce and historical figures Lady Nijo and Patient Griselda. ‘Top Girls’ is set during Thatcher’s government and explores the role of motherhood, with an all female cast Churchill uses theatre of alienation and characterisation to constantly keep the audience aware that the play is not realistic, this technique is done purposely so the audience focus less on the plot and more on the political and social issues. Similar to the play, feminist author Atwood explores ideas of motherhood and how women treat each other within society through her cautionary tale; The Handmaid’s Tale, the fictive autobiographic novel presents characters such as Offred, Ofwarren and Serena Joy who all share problems with maternal identity. Most of the women presented in the texts have a desire to be a mother yet the societies they live within prevent them from successfully realising this desire. Top Girls is set in 1979 at the end of the decade and the beginning of Thatcher’s tenure. Marlene is representative of all of Thatcher’s...
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...TIPS TO SUCCEED IN THE EPT: WRITING AINUL AZMIN BT HJ MD ZAMIN INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 23 JUNE 2010 PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Types of Tasks in EPT Strategies for Task 1 * Describing / Comparing * Sample question & answer Strategies for Task 2 * Format * Sample question & answer Common errors 2 WRITING TASK IN EPT 1 DATA ANALYSIS TASKS 2 ESSAY WRITING ANALYSIS DESCRIBE COMPARE / CONTRAST 150 WORDS 30 MINUTES VARIOUS MODES PARAGRAPHS 250 WORDS 60 MINUTES TASK 1 : REPORT WRITING PIE CHARTS BAR GRAPHS TYPES OF GRAPHS PIE CHART SALMA’S EXPENDITURE FOR SEMESTER 1 10% 15% 35% 40% ENTERTAINMENT FOOD & RENT STUDY MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION BAR GRAPH MOBILE PHONE OWNER GROWTH M I L L I O N S 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 OWNERS IN 1998 OWNERS IN 2008 LINE GRAPH NUMBER OF TOURISTS VISITING MALAYSIA 6 THOUSANDS 5 4 3 HISTORICAL SITES HIGHLANDS BEACHES 2 1 0 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 2010 STRATEGIES FOR TASK 1 5 20 5 • ANALYZE GRAPH • PREPARE OUTLINE • WRITE REPORT • 3 PARAGRAPHS • EDIT INTRODUCTION WHAT IS THE GRAPH ABOUT? Type of graph Title X-Axis Y-Axis Key / legend BAR GRAPH NUMBER OF TOURISTS VISITING MALAYSIA 6 THOUSANDS 5 4 3 HISTORICAL SITES HIGHLANDS BEACHES 2 1 0 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 2005 INTRODUCTION (EXAMPLE) The bar...
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...Amy Wade DR. Maria Mollinedo English 101. Section 008 5-28-2014 The Chance of Giving Life “Each new life, no matter how brief, forever changes the world”.my vision of life changed that afternoon of December at the moment I understood what was going on. A couple weeks earlier, I found out that I was pregnant. I was surrounded by an immense joy and fulfillment. A series of questions crossed my mind, and I knew that the notion of raising a child was not a simple endeavor .however my dream of giving birth was greater than any worries. But my world Turned upside down, when one day I came back from shopping and started bleeding .I knew all my hope of becoming a mother was in jeopardy. Besides the pain of my miscarriage, I felt a huge sense of failure and guilt as a women .An indescribable pain and depression followed the Loss of my baby. Then an unexpected pregnancy occurred, I was excited but a scary feeling Impended through my pregnancy till the birth of my child. The first trimester of a pregnancy is yet the hardest one and the most stressful. At eleven weeks pregnant, my anxiety started taking over, it was at this exact time of my previous Pregnancy that I had lost my baby .And the risk of miscarriage is higher, I was really happy and Fortunate to have another chance to experience this wonderful feeling. A new life is growing Inside of me.And I had to cope with the physical and emotional challenges. I was bonding with...
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...Running head: A NEW LOOK AT SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD A New look at Surrogate Motherhood Abstract Surrogate motherhood is a very important issue that is often overlooked. This paper will briefly explain the different types of surrogate motherhood and display three common arguments which are; ethical, health and legal issues. Surrogate motherhood is not only degrading to women it is morally wrong, and takes away all meaning to pregnancy. A New Look at Surrogate Motherhood Would you rather be a genetic or a birth mother? There was a study done, fifty women were asked this question as a result the majority of the women preferred to be a birth mother rather than a genetic mother. (Would you rather be a 'birth' or a 'genetic' mother? if so, how much?, 1994). The bonds a woman establishes with her child while pregnant is one that can never be replaced. If the majority of women would rather bear a child themselves for this particular reason; why is commercial surrogate motherhood on the rise? Some women are beginning to consider commercial surrogate motherhood as a better alternative than adoption. To enforce a contract on something that is so personal to women like labor and childbirth is not only ethically wrong but morally wrong as well. What is surrogacy? Surrogacy is when one woman bears a child for another that for some reason cannot do on their own. There are several types of surrogacy; Altruistic, commercial, genetic and gestatory. Altruistic surrogacy is when the person...
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...dazzling tulips.”Tabrizi praises Kabul because it is so wonderfully beautiful. Unfortunately, today, there are not so many tulips. There is more destruction than beautiful buildings. The most important stanza to me is "one could not count the moons that shimmer on her roofs And the thousand splendid suns that hide behind her walls." Tabrizi used this stanza in a way of saying that the plentifulness of beauty, in the world outside of Kabul extended. The "thousand splendid suns" represented the mothers who loved and nurtured their children at home even though many of them knew they would not thrive because of the Taliban. Laila’s father, Hakim, quotes these lines when they are about to leave the city in war. Hosseini signifies motherhood . In the novel, motherhood emerges as the highest standard, especially in Mariam and Laila. I know that Laila was scared she might hate Rasheed's child, but she ended up loving Zalmai. She is the mother and she created...
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...the novel, the character Offred from the Handmaid’s Tale resembles Bilhah from Genesis, while Offred’s higher authority, Serena Joy, correlates with Rachel from Genesis. In Genesis 30:1-3, Bilhah, Rachel’s handmaid plays a similar role to Offred, both of them are both...
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...The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy Introduction “A surrogate mother feels like a flesh covered test tube during the entire experience. As the fetus grows the women is depersonalized and she become fragmented from the whole person –merely a vehicle for breeding babies.” There is a huge controversy of whether surrogate motherhood should be legal. This controversy has started huge debates worldwide. It has brought attention to doctors, sociologists, feminists, historians, and people of different cultures, races, classes and religions. The major overwhelming arguments is that the act of surrogacy should be illegal. The issues and objections surrounding the surrogate motherhood is that it is considered baby selling, finding the legality of its contracts, and the class of people, whether they are rich or poor. The other concerns are the traditional rights of the birth mothers, the psychological impact of these children who are born under these contracts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the controversy of a surrogate mother. The paper will find the reasons of why women want to become surrogate mothers. This paper will examine the different viewpoints that have been in conflict for many years. The paper will reveal how some women chose to become surrogate mothers just for the money and that some do it because they want to help couples who cannot produce children. This paper will also show...
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...The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy POSC 450.001 Senior Seminar October 24, 2009 The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy Introduction “A surrogate mother feels like a flesh covered test tube during the entire experience. As the fetus grows the women is depersonalized and she become fragmented from the whole person –merely a vehicle for breeding babies.” There is a huge controversy of whether surrogate motherhood should be legal. This controversy has started huge debates worldwide. It has brought attention to doctors, sociologists, feminists, historians, and people of different cultures, races, classes and religions. The major overwhelming arguments is that the act of surrogacy should be illegal. The issues and objections surrounding the surrogate motherhood is that it is considered baby selling, finding the legality of its contracts, and the class of people, whether they are rich or poor. The other concerns are the traditional rights of the birth mothers, the psychological impact of these children who are born under these contracts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the controversy of a surrogate mother. The paper will find the reasons of why women want to become surrogate mothers. This paper will examine the different viewpoints that have been in conflict for many years. The paper will reveal how some women chose to become surrogate mothers just for the money and that some do it because they want to help couples who...
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...Sarthak- Making My Life Meaningful No doubt, motherhood is altogether a different experience. People have different opinions to cite, writers have different words to explain, moms have different experiences to share… but the entry of the little sapling brings a lot of joy coupled with responsibilities. I felt these emotions when God blessed me with little angel, Sarthak on Jan 28, 2012. It was like a sea change in my body, mind, routine and life. Those initial days were full of irritation. I couldn’t sleep before the baby, couldn’t have meal as infants tend to disturb when moms eat, couldn’t surf net… means I had to keep all things that used to be important for me on the backburner. Now, the whole day was just for Sarthak; feeding him, cleaning his pants and all. I would feel so lazy, tired and depressed. Gradually time passed, my baby was growing and learning new things .My feelings started changing with activities of my little one. Now his smile helps me forget all of my worries. I feel love flowing while feeding him; enjoy moments while playing with him. Just two days back (on 14 june, 2012), my baby has started rolling over. I am having fun seeing him turning. He turns but doesn’t know to come back. So, we need to take care of him all the time. Even while sleeping also, he suddenly turns making us laugh like anything. My sweet baby… I love you a lot. You make my life...
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...This article, reviewing ‘Step Motherfucker’, gives insight into Ekblad’s methods of experimenting with materiality to understand her visceral artworks and discuss the works descriptively, so the reader can experience the effect of the exhibition. Davies analyses three key works to extract overarching themes – which include femininity and ephemeral identity. The article provides a useful evaluation on the material Ekblad utilizes to add meaning to her artworks. Ekblad collects items from the street and households – particularly for the title piece. ‘Step Motherfucker’ is a woman figure assembled from welded metal, teapots and other items on a painting acting as a carpet. Using these materials, notions of female gender are questioned. Whereas,...
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...In Alison Bechdel’s The Ordinary Devoted Mother, Bechdel uses the illustrated graphic novel format to portray her difficult relationship with her mother. A frame I found particularly striking was on pages 104-105, where Bechdel illustrates a sequence of polaroids on a desk. The polaroids display the author as an infant mimicking her mother’s coos. Displayed around the photos are art supplies such as pencils, erasers, and paint brushes, giving the appearance that the reader is not looking at the actual photograph but rather the author’s illustrations. Speech bubbles containing snippets of a conversation with Bechdel’s mother and text boxes of the author’s own interpretation of the photos float along the page. The center of page 104 contains...
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...Hathor was the goddess of love and joy. She was very famous on earth and had a temple built for her at Dendera. She played an important role in the life of the ancient Egyptians. She was shown as a falcon, a cobra, a lioness, or a hippopotamus. Though, she was mostly shown as a woman or cow. However, in later descriptions she is described as a cow head with a woman's body. Over time, she became associated with the goddess Isis: Goddess of motherhood royalty and family. Which took her away from her being the most powerful and famous goddess. But she still is and has remained one of the most popular goddesses, of Ancient Egypt. She has had the most festivals thrown for her than any other god. Many people named their children after her because...
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...Mary Shelley, a devoted author, was also a devoted mother. Although motherhood was a depressing experience for Mary, she loved her children very much and despite the tragedies that she experienced she was always very involved as a mother. Mary met Percy Shelley at a Wollstonecraft's retreat in St. Pancras churchyard, though the two did not become romantically attached until two years later when Percy was twenty-two, and married, while Mary was sixteen. A month before her seventeenth birthday, Mary ran away with Percy and they traveled Europe even though Percy’s father cut him off his allowance. When they married the couple tried to gain custody of Percy’s children by Harriet but failed, after this Mary was pregnant four times and only one survived....
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...* A man loves his sweetheart the most, his wife the best, but his mother the longest. – By Irish Proverb * A man's work is from sun to sun, but a mother's work is never done. – Anonymous * A mom's hug lasts long after she lets go. – Anonymous * A mother had a slender, small body, but a large heart a heart so large that everybody's grief and everybody's joy found welcome in it, and hospitable accommodation. – By Mark Twain * A mother is a mother still, The holiest thing alive. – By Samuel Taylor Coleridge * A mother is a person who seeing there are only four pieces of pie for five people, promptly announces she never did care for pie.- By Tenneva Jordan * A mother is not a person to lean on, but a person to make leaning unnecessary.- By Dorothy Canfield Fisher * A mother is one to whom you hurry when you are troubled. – By Emily Dickinson * A mother is the truest friend we have, when trials, heavy and sudden, fall upon us; when adversity takes the place of prosperity; when friends who rejoice with us in our sunshine, desert us when troubles thicken around us, still will she cling to us, and endeavor by her kind precepts and counsels to dissipate the clouds of darkness, and cause peace to return to our hearts. – By Washington Irving * A mother understands what a child does not say. – Jewish proverb * A mother's heart is a patchwork of love. – Anonymous * A mother's love is patient and forgiving when all others are forsaking...
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...I. INTRODUCTION The breakthrough discoveries in the field of assisted reproduction have brought new lights in the society. However, some of these discoveries evoked controversial issues. One of the controversial issues that received tremendous feedback is surrogate motherhood. As many couples fail to bear any child due to infertility, various alternatives appears to realize their dream of parenthood. One of the popular alternatives is surrogate motherhood. To begin with, the word “surrogate” means substitute. Surrogate motherhood is a term referred to an arrangement in which a woman becomes pregnant for the sole purpose of having a child that another couple will raise. This discovery causes to wake up each and everyone's mind. It also gave birth to the undying rivalry between pros and cons. Surrogacy is entitled with issues and controversies. It also left questions to our mind. Who really suffered and benefited with this? Other debates include moral and ethical questions. Does surrogacy go against natural selection, and is the burden it will cause to the children, the parents, and the surrogate mother, worth it? Some people believe that if an individual does not have the ability of reproduction, it should be selected, and technology should not be used to alter God’s plan. Surrogacy provides some couples with their only hope of raising a child genetically related to at least one of them. They believe that everyone should be given the chance to have a family, and if the surrogate...
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